Polymer Integrated Optic Zero-Gap Directional Coupler

1995 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Grote
Keyword(s):  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Electronic Circuits ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Directional Couplers ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Poling Temperature ◽  
Polymer Devices ◽  
Nlo Materials ◽  
Temperature Constraint

ABSTRACTIntegrated optic zero-gap directional couplers (ZGDC‘s) offer orders of magnitude shorter device lengths than conventional directional couplers. Researchers are currently striving to simultaneously optimize several properties of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers that are viewed essential for the fabrication of commercially viable polymer electro-optic devices, including high electro-optic activity, low propagation loss and high temperature poling retention. Fabrication of zero-gap directional couplers using NLO polymers show the potential to realize devices with interaction lengths as short as 100 μm, operating at TFL level switching voltages. Hence, NLO polymer ZGDC‘s will possess the ability to tolerate large propagation losses. This can allow the low propagation loss constraint for NLO materials to be relaxed significantly. Polymers with high electro-optic activity that might be rejected because of high propagation loss, could potentially be utilized for ZGDC switches. In addition, by using these devices as stand alone switches for the present (i.e., not integrating them with electronic circuits) the de-poling temperature constraint can also be significantly relaxed since neither solder baths nor high density interconnect (HDI) processes will be needed. These relaxed constraints should improve the chances for introduction of viable NLO polymer devices that can compete in the market place today, without being forced to wait for a material in which all properties have been optimized.

Design of an electro-optic directional coupler with four sections poled in four perpendicular directions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZuZhou Yue ◽  
Guohua Cao ◽  
John M. Taboada ◽  
Jeffery J. Maki ◽  
Suning Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Electro Optic

Ultralow-VπL Silicon Electro-Optic Directional Coupler Switch With a Liquid Crystal Cladding

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (15) ◽  
pp. 796-799
Author(s):  
Li-Yuan Chiang ◽  
Chun-Ta Wang ◽  
Steve Pappert ◽  
Paul K. L. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Directional Coupler ◽  
Electro Optic

Optimizing nonlinear electro-optic polymer devices through cladding layer design and selection

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Drummond ◽  
Stephen J. Clarson ◽  
John S. Zetts ◽  
Frank K. Hopkins ◽  
Stephen J. Caracci
Keyword(s):  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Polymer Devices

Integrated (Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 Heterostructure Waveguide Devices Fabricated by Solid-Phase Epitaxy

1999 ◽  
Vol 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Nashimoto ◽  
S. Nakamura ◽  
H. Moriyama ◽  
K. Haga ◽  
M. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Solid Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Te Mode ◽  
Tm Mode ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Channel Waveguides

AbstractHeterostructures of a Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) waveguide/(Pb,La)(Zr,Ti)O3 (PLZT) system buffer layer were grown on a Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:ST) substrate by solid-phase epitaxy. The propagation loss in the PLZT heterostructure waveguides was on the order of I dB/cm. An electro-optic beam deflection device with an ITO prism electrode on the surface of the PLZT heterostructure waveguide presented efficient deflection of the coupled laser beam by applying a voltage between the electrode and the substrate. A beam deflection greater than 10 mrad at 5 V and frequency response as fast as 13 MHz were observed. An apparent electro-optic coefficient as large as 39 pmJV was estimated from the deflection characteristics for the TE mode and TM mode suggesting the polarization independent nature of the PZT waveguide. For integrating the electrooptic PLZT heterostructure waveguides, channel waveguides were fabricated in the PZT waveguides using a simple wet-etching process. Based on a low-voltage drive structure, lowloss waveguide process, and fine patterning process, a fabricated digital matrix switch showed a – 10 dB cross-talk at a voltage as low as 7.5 V.

Electro-Optic Polymer Devices

1992 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Lytel ◽  
Ferris Lipscomb ◽  
Tony Ticknor
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Optics ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Polymer Waveguide ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Polymer Devices ◽  
End Use ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Chromophores ◽  
Light Beams

AbstractElectro-optic (EO)polymers, processed into thin multilayer films, exhibit large nonresonant EO coefficients and low dielectric constants from DC to multi-GHz frequencies. Orientation of the constituent nonlinear optical chromophores, usually accomplished by electricfield poling, provides an EO coefficient suitable for modulation of light beams propagating in the plane of the polymer film. Thus, EO polymers are ideally suited for applications in integrated optics.The field EO polymer integrated optics has been developing rapidly during the past several years. Recent advances include the formulation of poled crosslinked epoxies and guest-host polyimides exhibiting thermal stability at temperatures significantly higher than those previously achieved with thermoplastic acrylate chemistry. These developments are an essential first step toward achieving practical materials exhibiting stability to manufacture, assembly, and end-use in modem electronic systems applications. This paper provides an introduction to EO polymer waveguide devices for applications to electronic packaging and interconnection.

Poled Polyimides for Thermally Stable Electro-Optic Materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Wu ◽  
J. F. Valley ◽  
M. Stiller ◽  
S. Ermer ◽  
E. S. Binkley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Poling Temperature ◽  
Electric Field Poling ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

ABSTRACTUsing polyimide as host in a guest-host electro-optic (EO) thin film a thermally stable poled electro-optic response is demonstrated at temperatures at 150 °C and 300 °C. Electric field poling during curing process including imidization (170 -230 °C) and densification (340 -380 °C) accounts for the highly thermally stable EO response. As a room temperature curing process, chemical imidization is employed as a novel curing process. Dehydration occurring through imidization of the polyamic acid is completed chemically after poling rather than thermally during poling. After thermal aging at 155 °C (above the poling temperature) chemically imidized samples retain over 30% of their original poling induced EO signal while similarly poled samples, which have not been chemically imidized, produce a null EO response. For a class of polyimides possessing aliphatic structure, the thermoplastic behavior of cured guest-host polyimide system allowed the electric field poling at temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg). One example of polyimide doped with 10% nonlinear optical molecules exhibits Tg near 200 °C, leading to an excellent thermal stability of the poled EO response with a depoling knee-temperature of 150°C.

Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators with polycrystalline BaTiO3 thin films on MgO

2002 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Petraru ◽  
J. Schubert ◽  
M. Schmid ◽  
O. Trithaveesak ◽  
Ch. Buchal
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Ion Beam Etching ◽  
Waveguide Propagation ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Ridge Waveguides ◽  
Waveguide Modulators

ABSTRACTThe optical and electro-optical properties of epitaxially grown thin films of ferroelectric BaTiO3 on MgO substrates have been established and high quality Mach-Zehnder waveguide modulators have been demonstrated. As a next step towards the integration of ferroelectric thin films on different substrates, we have modified the growth conditions by lowering the growth temperature to study polycrystalline, but still highly transparent BaTiO3 (BTO) films. Polycrystalline BTO on MgO substrates has been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The growth temperature was reduced from 800 °C to 400 °C at an oxygen pressure of 2×10-3 mbar. Although polycrystalline, the BTO is still birefringent with no= 2.32 and ne = 2.30. Ridge waveguides have been formed by ion beam etching. The estimated waveguide propagation loss is 4 dB/cm at 633 nm. Electro-optic Mach-Zehnder modulators have been realized. Using 3 mm long electrodes with a spacing of 10 μm, a Vπ voltage of 14 V was obtained at 633 nm wavelength. This is half of the observed effective electro-optic coefficient measured at epitaxial BTO films. At 1.5 μm wavelength similar results were observed.

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