Optimizing nonlinear electro-optic polymer devices through cladding layer design and selection

Author(s):  
James P. Drummond ◽  
Stephen J. Clarson ◽  
John S. Zetts ◽  
Frank K. Hopkins ◽  
Stephen J. Caracci
1992 ◽  
Vol 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Lytel ◽  
Ferris Lipscomb ◽  
Tony Ticknor

AbstractElectro-optic (EO)polymers, processed into thin multilayer films, exhibit large nonresonant EO coefficients and low dielectric constants from DC to multi-GHz frequencies. Orientation of the constituent nonlinear optical chromophores, usually accomplished by electricfield poling, provides an EO coefficient suitable for modulation of light beams propagating in the plane of the polymer film. Thus, EO polymers are ideally suited for applications in integrated optics.The field EO polymer integrated optics has been developing rapidly during the past several years. Recent advances include the formulation of poled crosslinked epoxies and guest-host polyimides exhibiting thermal stability at temperatures significantly higher than those previously achieved with thermoplastic acrylate chemistry. These developments are an essential first step toward achieving practical materials exhibiting stability to manufacture, assembly, and end-use in modem electronic systems applications. This paper provides an introduction to EO polymer waveguide devices for applications to electronic packaging and interconnection.


1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Lytel ◽  
Edward S. Binkley ◽  
Dexter G. Girton ◽  
John T. Kenney ◽  
George F. Lipscomb ◽  
...  

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Lytel ◽  
George F. Lipscomb ◽  
Anthony J. Ticknor ◽  
Gustaaf R. Moehlmann

1995 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Grote

ABSTRACTIntegrated optic zero-gap directional couplers (ZGDC‘s) offer orders of magnitude shorter device lengths than conventional directional couplers. Researchers are currently striving to simultaneously optimize several properties of nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers that are viewed essential for the fabrication of commercially viable polymer electro-optic devices, including high electro-optic activity, low propagation loss and high temperature poling retention. Fabrication of zero-gap directional couplers using NLO polymers show the potential to realize devices with interaction lengths as short as 100 μm, operating at TFL level switching voltages. Hence, NLO polymer ZGDC‘s will possess the ability to tolerate large propagation losses. This can allow the low propagation loss constraint for NLO materials to be relaxed significantly. Polymers with high electro-optic activity that might be rejected because of high propagation loss, could potentially be utilized for ZGDC switches. In addition, by using these devices as stand alone switches for the present (i.e., not integrating them with electronic circuits) the de-poling temperature constraint can also be significantly relaxed since neither solder baths nor high density interconnect (HDI) processes will be needed. These relaxed constraints should improve the chances for introduction of viable NLO polymer devices that can compete in the market place today, without being forced to wait for a material in which all properties have been optimized.


2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 131102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. DeRose ◽  
Y. Enami ◽  
C. Loychik ◽  
R. A. Norwood ◽  
D. Mathine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  

Author(s):  
S. G. Ghonge ◽  
E. Goo ◽  
R. Ramesh ◽  
R. Haakenaasen ◽  
D. K. Fork

Microstructure of epitaxial ferroelectric/conductive oxide heterostructures on LaAIO3(LAO) and Si substrates have been studied by conventional and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The epitaxial films have a wide range of potential applications in areas such as non-volatile memory devices, electro-optic devices and pyroelectric detectors. For applications such as electro-optic devices the films must be single crystal and for applications such as nonvolatile memory devices and pyroelectric devices single crystal films will enhance the performance of the devices. The ferroelectric films studied are Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3(PLZT), PbTiO3(PT), BiTiO3(BT) and Pb0.9La0.1(Zr0.2Ti0.8)0.975O3(PLZT).Electrical contact to ferroelectric films is commonly made with metals such as Pt. Metals generally have a large difference in work function compared to the work function of the ferroelectric oxides. This results in a Schottky barrier at the interface and the interfacial space charge is believed to responsible for domain pinning and degradation in the ferroelectric properties resulting in phenomenon such as fatigue.


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