Microwave Processing and Sintering of PZT and PLZT Ceramics

1988 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Harrison ◽  
M. R. B. Hanson ◽  
B. G. Koepke
Keyword(s):  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
High Density ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Fast Firing

ABSTRACTMicrowave processing techniques were established for all of the thermal treatment steps necessary to prepare high density PZT and PLZT. The microstructure and ferroelectric properties of the microwave processed materials were compared to conventionally sintered and fast fired PZT. Unique high density, small grain size, PZT and PLZT were obtained by microwave sintering either conventionally or fully microwave processed powders. It was estimated that microwave sintering would use only five percent of the energy used by conventional sintering.The suitability of microwave processing for the production of two modifications (Sr and La) of lead zirconate - lead titanate (PZT) ceramics was investigated in this program. A commercial microwave oven was used to evaluate drying, calcining, binder burnoff, and sintering. These materials were then compared to those produced by fast-firing and conventional sintering methods.

Effect of Green Microstructure and Processing Variables on the Microwave Sintering of Alumina

1990 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindam Dé ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad ◽  
E. Dow Whitney ◽  
David E. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Hybrid Heating ◽  
Processing Variables ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Rapid Sintering ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Fast Firing

ABSTRACTThe concept of 'hybrid heating with microwave (MW) energy at 2.45 GHZ.'for ultra rapid sintering of alumina is being introduced. This technique is a combination of MW - materual interaction as well as conventional radiant/conduction mechanisms, and facilitates the attainment of perhaps, the highest possible heating rates in a multimode MW cavity at 2.45 GJZz. (1500ºC in 120 sees.). Rapid sintering of pure.undoped alumina with this novel techniQue culminates in uniform, homogeneous microstructures and mechanical property enhancements vis-a-vis conventional fast firing.The role of green microstructure (particle size) on MW(hybrid) heating and processing variables (temperature, time) on the MW (hybrid) heating phenomena vs. conventional fast firing were investigated. Hybrid heated samples showed accelerated densification with comparable grain sizes when compared with the conventionally fast fired samples. The effectof particle size on the microwave (hybrid) heating phenomena was found to be analogous to conventional sintering.

scholarly journals Preparation, Structural, Electrical, and Ferroelectric Properties of Lead Niobate–Lead Zirconate–Lead Titanate Ternary System

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Gupta ◽  
Seema Verma ◽  
Vishal Singh ◽  
K. K. Bamzai
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Ac Conductivity ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersive Nature

A ternary system of lead niobate–lead zirconate–lead titanate with composition xPN–yPZ–(x-y)PT where x=0.5 and y=0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 known as PNZT has been prepared by conventional mixed oxide route at a temperature of 1100°C. The formation of the perovskite phase was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The surface morphology studied by scanning electron microscopy shows the formation of fairly dense grains and elemental composition was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Dielectric properties like dielectric constant and dielectric loss (ε′ and tan⁡δ) indicate poly-dispersive nature of the material. The temperature dependent dielectric constant (ε′) curve indicates relaxor behaviour with two dielectric anomalies. The poly-dispersive nature of the material was analysed by Cole-Cole plots. The activation energy follows the Arrhenius law and is found to decrease with increasing frequency for each composition. The frequency dependence of ac conductivity follows the universal power law. The ac conductivity analysis suggests that hopping of charge carriers among the localized sites is responsible for electrical conduction. The ferroelectric studies reveal that these ternary systems are soft ferroelectric.

ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION IN SUBSTITUTED Li-FERRITES PREPARED BY MICROWAVE PROCESSING

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 1051-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAMATA MAISNAM ◽  
SUMITRA PHANJOUBAM ◽  
H. N. K. SARMA ◽  
CHANDRA PRAKASH ◽  
L. RADHAPIYARI DEVI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Lattice Constant ◽  
Electrical Conduction ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Conventional Sintering

Samples with representative formula Li 0.45 Ni 0.1 Mn 0.1 Fe 2.35 O 4 have been sintered by conventional sintering technique and microwave sintering technique. Both the samples showed single-phase with spinel structure. The lattice constant for the microwave sintered (MS) sample showed a lower value than the conventionally sintered (CS) sample. The density of the MS sample has been found to be higher than the CS sample. And MS sample showed a higher value of resistivity and activation energy compared to the CS sample. The possible mechanisms are discussed.

Metallorganic Cheamcal Vapor Deposition (Mocvd) of Titanium-Based Ferroelectric Thin Films

1993 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren C. Hendricks ◽  
Seshu B. Desu ◽  
Jie Si ◽  
Chien H. Peng
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Spontaneous Polarization ◽  
Coercive Field ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Transparent Films ◽  
Titanium Ethoxide

AbstractUsing hot-walled metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), thin fihns of lead zirconate titanate (PZT), lead titanate (PbTiO3 or PT) and bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3O12 or BiT) were successfully prepared. For each material, titanium ethoxide (Ti(C2H5O)4) was used as the precursor for the titanium source, while lead bis-tetramethylheptadione (Pb(thd)2), zirconium tetrakistetramethylheptadione (Zr(thd)4) and triphenyl bismuth (Bi(C6H5)3) were used as sources for lead, zirconium and bismuth, respectively. Dense, specular and highly transparent films were obtained for all three materials. Deposition conditions are given for each of the materials as well as the properties of the resulting films as determined by XRD, SEM and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometry. Ferroelectric properties are also given for the PZT and BiT films; for PZT (%Zr = 41; %Ti = 9) annealed at 600 °C, the spontaneous polarization, Ps, was 23 μC/cm2 and the coercive field, Ec, was 65 kV/cm; for BiT annealed at 550 °C, the spontaneous polarization, Ps, was 27 μC/cm2 and the coercive field, Ec, was 240 kV/cm.

scholarly journals Dielectric and Ferroelectric Studies on High Dense Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Nanocrystalline Ceramics by High Energy Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering

Ceramics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkata Ramana Mudinepalli ◽  
Feng Leng
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Microwave Sintering ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Structural And Electrical Properties ◽  
Conventional Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Sps Sintering

In our previous work, we synthesized Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) ceramics by conventional and microwave sintering methods and studied their structural and electrical properties. We observed that the microwave sintered PZT ceramics show higher densification, fine and uniform grain size, higher dielectric constant, remnant polarization (Pr), and spontaneous polarization (Ps) in comparison to conventional sintered ones. In the present work, we studied the microstructure, phase formation, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the PZT ceramics synthesized by using Spark plasma Sintering (SPS) method. The SPS sintering temperature is lower (300 to 400 °C) than both conventional and microwave sintering methods. The dielectric constant at room temperature and at transition temperature shows higher values compared to the microwave and conventional sintering methods. This SPS sintering technique is currently attracting growing attention among productions engineers and materials researchers.

Effect of BCZT Dopant on Ferroelectric Properties of PZT Ceramics

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pichitchai Butnoi ◽  
Pratthana Intawin ◽  
Ploypailin Yongsiri ◽  
Nuttapon Pisitpipathsin ◽  
Puttapon Pengpad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ferroelectric Ceramics ◽  
Calcium Zirconate ◽  
Optimum Amount ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Material Systems

The ferroelectric ceramics with composition of (1-x)Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 [PZT] – x(Ba0.9Ca0.1)(Ti0.85Zr0.15)O3 [BCZT] (x = 0, 0.04, 0.08 and 0.10 ) have been successfully prepared via two-step mixed oxide method. The material systems of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium calcium zirconate titanate (BCZT) have been intensive studied due to their remarkable properties of high ferroelectric and piezoelectric values. In this work, we are interesting to combine PZT with BCZT system in order to improve the electrical property of the ceramic samples. From the obtained results, it can be confirmed that ferroelectric values are significant increased with the optimum amount of the BCZT.

Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate (PZT) Ceramics From Organic-Derived Precursors

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Dosch
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Aqueous Surface ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Direct Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrated Zirconia

ABSTRACTOrganic-derived precursors can facilitate the preparation of PZT ceramics, particularly in the areas of processing and batch reproducibility. The use of partially alkoxide-derived precursors and completely organic-derived precursors has been studied. Two methods of alkoxide hydrolysis were evaluated for preparing zirconia which included direct hydrolysis in water and hydrolysis of alkoxide-base reaction products in acetone-H2O mixtures. The chemistry of these methods is discussed along with pertinent aqueous surface chemistry of the hydrated zirconia products. This work suggests that alkoxide-derived precursor properties are related to the solution chemistry used in their preparation.

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