The Structure and the Mechanical Properties of a Newly Fabricated Cellulose-Nanofiber/Polyvinyl-Alcohol Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 1621 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Yukako Oishi ◽  
Atsushi Hotta
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Aspect Ratios

ABSTRACTCellulose nanofibers (Cel-F) were extracted by a simple and harmless Star Burst (SB) method, which produced aqueous cellulose-nanofiber solution just by running original cellulose beads under a high pressure of water in the synthetic SB chamber. By optimizing the SB process conditions, the cellulose nanofibers with high aspect ratios and the small diameter of ∼23 nm were obtained, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the structural analysis of the Cel-F/PVA composite by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was found that the Cel-F were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA matrix. Considering the high molecular compatibility of the cellulose and PVA due to the hydrogen bonding, a good adhesive interface could be expected for the Cel-F and the PVA matrix. The influences of the morphological change in Cel-F on the mechanical properties of the composites were analysed. The Young’s modulus rapidly increased from 2.2 GPa to 2.9 GPa up to 40 SB treatments (represented by the unit Pass), whereas the Young’s modulus remained virtually constant above 40 Pass. Due to the uniform dispersibility of the Cel-F, the Young’s modulus of the 100 Pass composite at the concentration of 5 wt% increased up to 3.2 GPa. The experimental results corresponded well with the general theory of the composites with dispersed short-fiber fillers, which clearly indicated that the potential of the cellulose nanofibers as reinforcement materials for hydrophilic polymers was sufficiently confirmed.

Stress Transfer Analyses In Cellulose Nanofiber/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites With X-Ray Diffraction And Investigation On Effects of Chemical Interaction Between Cellulose Nanofiber And Montmorillonite

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Matsumoto ◽  
Sunichi Mori ◽  
Takuya Ohashi ◽  
Takashi Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibers ◽  
Stress Transfer ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Cellulose nanofiber is one of the promising materials for its eco-friendliness as well as high mechanical performance and high functionalities. Nanocomposites with cellulose nanofiber matrixes and inorganic nanofillers also possess more excellent mechanical properties by the reinforcement effects of the nanofillers. The mechanical reinforcement effects depend in a large part on the interfacial interaction between the nanofillers and the cellulose matrixes and the dispersion of the nanofiller in the nanocomposites. The quantitative evaluation of the reinforcement effects is insufficient, which is desired for the material design of industrial use of the cellulose composites. In this study, we used nanocomposites of cellulose nanofibers and montmorillonite with various surface properties. Their mechanical properties were investigated through tensile tests and the stress transfer to the nanofillers in nanocomposites with various combinations of cellulose nanofibers and nanofillers was analyzed through the X-ray diffraction method. The strong correlation between Young’s modulus and stress transfer coefficients was revealed. In particular, the composites of TEMPO-oxide cellulose nanofiber and ion-exchanged montmorillonite possessed not only the highest Young’s modulus but also the largest stress transfer coefficients. The large mechanical reinforcement effect of the loaded montmorillonite filler was observed and was attributed to the electrostatic interaction of the interface between the cellulose matrix and the montmorillonite filler.

scholarly journals Tailoring a Low Young Modulus for a Beta Titanium Alloy by Combining Severe Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3467
Author(s):  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Doina Raducanu ◽  
Bogdan Vasile ◽  
Corneliu Trisca-Rusu ◽  
Elisabeta Mirela Cojocaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy

The present paper analyzed the microstructural characteristics and the mechanical properties of a Ti–Nb–Zr–Fe–O alloy of β-Ti type obtained by combining severe plastic deformation (SPD), for which the total reduction was of etot = 90%, with two variants of super-transus solution treatment (ST). The objective was to obtain a low Young’s modulus with sufficient high strength in purpose to use the alloy as a biomaterial for orthopedic implants. The microstructure analysis was conducted through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) investigations. The analyzed mechanical properties reveal promising values for yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of about 770 and 1100 MPa, respectively, with a low value of Young’s modulus of about 48–49 GPa. The conclusion is that satisfactory mechanical properties for this type of alloy can be obtained if considering a proper combination of SPD + ST parameters and a suitable content of β-stabilizing alloying elements, especially the Zr/Nb ratio.

The mechanical Properties of CVD Diamond Films, and Diamond Coated Fibres and Wires

1995 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
E D Nicholson ◽  
J E Field ◽  
P G Partridge ◽  
M N R Ashfold
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Microwave Plasma ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Cvd Diamond ◽  
Film Stress ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Film Property

ABSTRACTTwo areas of thin film property measurement are addressed. The first is that of flat films, either on a substrate or free-standing. The film properties only are of interest. Therefore, when the film remains attached to a substrate during testing, an appropriate analysis is used to subtract the effect of the substrate. The films under test are prospective protective coatings and ‘window’ materials for infrared applications, namely CVD diamond (Hot filament Assisted, HFACVD and Microwave plasma assisted, MPACVD) and Germanium carbide (Ge:C). The mechanical properties under investigation are the Young's modulus and the internal film stress.In the second case the substrates are small diameter fibres and wires coated with CVD diamond. The mechanical properties measured were composite, containing contributions from both the substrate and the film. These coated fibres and wires, have possible applications as reinforcement phases in the production of composites. They are silicon carbide (SiC) and Tungsten (W) of diameters varying between 10 and 125μm. A technique has been developed to measure the Young's modulus of individual coated fibres.

scholarly journals Engineering and Characterization of Antibacterial Coaxial Nanofiber Membranes for Oil/Water Separation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamouda M. Mousa ◽  
Husain Alfadhel ◽  
Emad Abouel Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Nanofiber Membranes

In the present study, a coaxial nanofiber membrane was developed using the electrospinning technique. The developed membranes were fabricated from hydrophilic cellulose acetate (CA) polymer and hydrophobic polysulfone (PSf) polymer as a core and shell in an alternative way with addition of 0.1 wt.% of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The membranes were treated with a 2M NaOH solution to enhance hydrophilicity and thus increase water separation flux. Chemical and physical characterizations were performed, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and surface wettability was measured by means of water contact angle (WCA), mechanical properties, surface morphology via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and microscopy energy dispersive (EDS) mapping and point analysis. The results show higher mechanical properties for the coaxial nanofiber membranes which reached a tensile strength of 7.58 MPa, a Young’s modulus of 0.2 MPa, and 23.4 M J.m−3 of toughness. However, treated mebranes show lower mechanical properties (tensile strength of 0.25 MPa, Young’s modulus of 0.01 MPa, and 0.4 M J.m−3 of toughness). In addition, the core and shell nanofiber membranes showed a uniform distribution of coaxial nanofibers. Membranes with ZnO NPs showed a porous structure and elimination of nanofibers after treatment due to the formation of nanosheets. Interestingly, membranes changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic (the WCA changed from 90 ± 8° to 14 ± 2°). Besides that, composite nanofiber membranes with ZnO NPs showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. Furthermore, the water flux for the modified membranes was improved by 1.6 times compared to the untreated membranes.

Experimental and multiscale quantum mechanics modeling of the mechanical properties of PVC/graphene nanocomposite

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (29) ◽  
pp. 4575-4590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Hamed Mashhadzadeh ◽  
Abdolhossein Fereidoon ◽  
Morteza Ghorbanzadeh Ahangari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Dft Method ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Lennard Jones ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposite

In current work, we developed mechanical properties of PVC (polyvinyl chloride)/graphene nanocomposite theoretically and experimentally. In our theoretical model, a multi-scale finite element model was used to predict Young’s modulus of the stated nanocomposite. The molecular structure of pristine graphene was treated using the density functional theory (DFT) method. By assuming graphene as a space-frame structure that preserves the discrete nature of graphene, they were modeled by the use of three-dimensional elastic beam elements for the Carbon-Carbon covalent bonds and point mass elements for the atoms. Then interfacial van der Waals interaction that exists between PVC and graphene was modeled using the general form of Lennard–Jones potential and simulated by a nonlinear truss rod model. The Lennard–Jones parameters and van der Waals forces were determined versus separation distance for the stated nonlinear truss rod via the DFT method. Finally, we prepared PVC/graphene samples with different weight percentages of graphene nanoplatelets experimentally using the melt-mixing procedure. Our computational modeling demonstrated that the magnitudes of Young’s modulus PVC/graphene were close to the experimentally obtained results until 1 wt% with an average difference of about 25%. Finally, we justified the obtained mechanical results by investigating the morphology of experimental samples using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images.

scholarly journals Increased Young’s Modulus and Hardness of Col1a2oim Dentin

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 1032-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Lopez Franco ◽  
A. Huang ◽  
N. Pleshko Camacho ◽  
D.S. Stone ◽  
R.D. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Yield Behavior ◽  
Allele Dosage ◽  
Backscattered Electron

Mice harboring the Col1a2 oim mutation ( oim) express dentinogenesis imperfecta. To determine the effect of Col1a2 genotype on tissue mechanical properties, we compared Young’s modulus and hardness of dentin in the 3 Col1a2 genotypes. Upper incisors were tested by nanoindentation. Genotype had a significant effect on Young’s modulus, but there was not a simple mutant allele dosage relationship. The effect of genotype on hardness did not reach significance. Hardness and Young’s modulus were greater near the dento-enamel junction than near the pulp chamber. Greater hardness and Young’s modulus values near the dento-enamel junction reflected continued mineralization of the dentin following its initial synthesis. Analysis showed the mechanical data to be consistent with Fourier transform infrared and backscattered electron microscopy studies that revealed increased mineralization in oim bone. Analysis of the data suggests that clinical fragility of teeth in oim mice is not due to deficiencies of hardness or Young’s modulus, but may be due to defects in post-yield behavior or resistance to fatigue damage.

Study on Tensile Strength of Resin Mortar

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Takenori Morimitsu ◽  
Tetsuro Yabuta ◽  
Takeshi Tsujimura ◽  
Kotaro Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Spring Model ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Breaking Elongation ◽  
Tunneling Method ◽  
The Relationship

A new resin mortar has been developed to facilitate a small-diameter shield tunneling method. The breaking elongation, Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the resin mortar are measured and studied. This paper clarifies the relationship between the mechanical properties of the resin mortar and the ones of its constituent materials, using a three-spring model. The mechanical properties of the resin mortar predicted from the model proposed in this paper agree with the measured values.

scholarly journals Effect of Elevated Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of a Direct Laser Deposited Ti-6Al-4V

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6432
Author(s):  
Sergei Ivanov ◽  
Marina Gushchina ◽  
Antoni Artinov ◽  
Maxim Khomutov ◽  
Evgenii Zemlyakov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress Relaxation ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Direct Laser

In the present work, the mechanical properties of the DLD-processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy were obtained by tensile tests performed at different temperatures, ranging from 20 °C to 800 °C. Thereby, the process conditions were close to the conditions used to produce large-sized structures using the DLD method, resulting in specimens having the same initial martensitic microstructure. According to the obtained stress curves, the yield strength decreases gradually by 40% when the temperature is increased to 500 °C. Similar behavior is observed for the tensile strength. However, further heating above 500 °C leads to a significant increase in the softening rate. It was found that the DLD-processed Ti-6Al-4V alloy had a Young’s modulus with higher thermal stability than conventionally processed alloys. At 500 °C, the Young’s modulus of the DLD alloy was 46% higher than that of the wrought alloy. The influence of the thermal history on the stress relaxation for the cases where 500 °C and 700 °C were the maximum temperatures was studied. It was revealed that stress relaxation processes are decisive for the formation of residual stresses at temperatures above 700 °C, which is especially important for small-sized parts produced by the DLD method. The coefficient of thermal expansion was investigated up to 1050 °C.

scholarly journals Gas-Permeable Microimprint Template Derived from Cellulose Nanofiber Derivatives for Mechanical Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seigo Murayama ◽  
Ikuo Motono ◽  
Kento Mizui ◽  
Kenji Kondoh ◽  
Makoto Hanabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Cellulose Nanofiber ◽  
Reinforcing Effect ◽  
Microscopic Images

A gas-permeable template has lower mechanical properties compared to non-gas-permeable metal templates. Therefore, it is difficult to mass-produce by increasing the area of the gas-permeable template. In this study, we have developed a new gas-permeable template with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) derivatives added to improve the mechanical properties of gas-permeable templates. The reinforcing effect by the CNF derivative added was investigated by a tensile test. As a result, it was shown that Young’s modulus was increased about 2 to 3 times by the addition of 2-5 wt% CNF derivative. Also, it was confirmed by confocal microscopic images that transferability and gas permeability of the gas-permeable template were not lost even when the CNF derivative was added.

Effects of process conditions on Young's modulus and strength of extrudate in short-fiber-reinforced polypropylene

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Sanomura ◽  
K. Hayakawa ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
M. Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Fiber Reinforced
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document