scholarly journals ДЕСТРУКЦІЯ КСЕНОБІОТИКІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ КУЛЬТУРАЛЬНОГО ФІЛЬТРАТУ КСИЛОТРОФІВ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
O. V. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes ◽  
Peptone Medium

<p>The article deals with the efficiency of pollutants biodegradation by xylotrophic basidiomycetes submerged cultures grown on standard glucose-peptone medium (GPM). The efficiency of pollutants biodegradation was determined by the model compound – dye <em>Methyl Orange</em>. The purpose of the work is screening of 19 species 81 strains xylotrophic basidiomycetes cultures on the indicator of the dye oxidative degradation efficiency and exploring the possibility of induction of this indicator by modifying the culture medium. The biodegradation efficiency was determined by following method. Assigned amount of culture filtrate (experiment) or medium (control) was added to the 0.001% solution of <em>Methyl Orange</em> in sodium acetate buffer. pH of the reaction mixture was 4.4 units. Samples were incubated at +40°C for 48 hours. Then pH of the reaction mixture was set up at 3.1 units using sodium acetate buffer and the optical density of solutions at a wavelength of 506 nm was measured. The efficiency of biodegradation was calculated by the difference of the optical density of control and experiment as a percentage. The most promising strains – <em>F. velutipes</em> F-1105, <em>P. eryngii</em> P-er, <em>T. hirsuta</em> Th-11 and <em>D. quercina</em> Dq-08 were selected. The composition of the glucose-peptone medium was modified for these strains by the introduction in the medium lignosulfonate, Tween 80, Kirk’s minerals solution and selecting the concentration of these components. According to the study for the purpose of pollutants degradation it is advisable to cultivate  <em>F. velutipes</em> F-1105 strain on modified GPM, which further comprises at 1 l: lignosulfonate – 3.5 g; Tween 80 – 1.0 g, Kirk’s minerals solution – 70 ml; <em>P. eryngii</em> P-er strain – 5.0 g, 1.0 g, 70 ml; <em>T. hirsuta</em> Th-11 strain – 5.0 g, 1.0 g, 105 ml; and <em>D. quercina</em> Dq-08 strain – 6.5 g, 1.0 g, 105 ml, respectively. This allowed to increase the model compound degradation efficiency by the culture filtrate of strain <em>F. velutipes</em> F-1105 in 9,3; <em>D. quercina</em> Dq-08 – in 9,6; <em>P. eryngii </em>P-er – in 13,3 and T. hirsuta Th-11 – 19,2 times. Thus, GPS modifications were designed that enhance the model compound oxidative degradation efficiency and are the basis for further optimization of the selected xylotrophic basidiomycetes strains submerged cultivation conditions to increase<strong> </strong>biodegradation of xenobiotics.</p> <p><em>Keywords:</em> xylotrophic basidiomycetes, submerged cultivation, biodegradation, <em>Methyl Orange</em>.</p>

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ДЖЕРЕЛ ВУГЛЕЦЕВОГО ТА АЗОТНОГО ЖИВЛЕННЯ НА БІОДЕГРАДАЦІЮ КСЕНОБІОТИКІВ КУЛЬТУРАМИ КСИЛОТРОФІВ

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
A. V. Chaika ◽  
O. V. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Weighting Method ◽  
Trametes Hirsuta ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes ◽  
Peptone Medium ◽  
Biodegradation Efficiency

<p>The effect of different carbon and nitrogen nutrition sources on the efficiency of xenobiotic biodegradation was investigated by means of submerged xylotrophic basidiomycetes cultures. We cultivated the prospective strains of xylotrophic basidiomycetes like <em>Flammulina velutipes</em> F-1105, <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> P-er, <em>Trametes hirsuta</em> Th-11, and <em>Daedalea quercina</em> Dq-08 on the lab shaker on modified glucose-peptone medium. Some 24 of the carbon and 15 of the nitrogen nutrition sources were investigated. Absolutely dry biomass of the mycelium was determined by weighting method. The pollutants biodegradation efficiency of submerged cultures was determined by a modified method on a model compound – <em>Methyl Orange</em>. The individual carbon- and nitrogen-containing components of the modified glucose-peptone medium, the cultivation on which provides induction of model compound <em>Methyl Orange</em> biodegradation efficiency of the strains was also determined. They mostly were the carbon sources like glucose, fructose, xylose, starch, glycerol, PEG -1500, and the nitrogen sources like urea and peptone. It is suggested that the biodegradation efficiency of induction could caused either by inductive action of the nutrient component on metabolism of culture or by the manifestation of an adaptive response to adverse conditions.</p> <p><em>Keywords: xylotrophic basidiomycetes, biodegradation, Methyl Orange.</em></p>

scholarly journals КУЛЬТУРАЛЬНО-МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КСИЛОТРОФНИХ БАЗИДІОМІЦЕТІВ У ГЛИБИННІЙ КУЛЬТУРІ

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
A. V. Chaika ◽  
O. V. Fedotov
Keyword(s):  
Submerged Fermentation ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Submerged Cultivation ◽  
Submerged Cultures ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Xylotrophic Basidiomycetes ◽  
Weighing Method ◽  
Peptone Medium ◽  
Biomass Increase

<p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the growth specificities of 79 strains of 18 species xylotrophic basidiomycetes under submerged fermentation on glucose-peptone medium. Most of the strains (85%) were isolated from the fruiting bodies collected in different localities of Donetsk and its region. The macro- and microscopic structure of pellets was studied, pH of the culture filtrate was determined by potentiometric method, ovendry biomass was determined by weighing method and biomass increase and specific growth rate were calculated. The results obtained allowed to ascertain the strain and species character of culture-morphological characteristics of the studied basidiomycetes. On the basis of the research the higher basidiomycetes submerged cultivation method was optimized making the period of fermentation significantly reduced. The growth peculiarities revealed can be used for further studies of biosynthetic activity of the xylotrophic basidiomycetes submerged cultures.</p> <p><em>Key words: xylotrophic basidiomycetes, submerged fermentation, growth and morphological characteristics</em></p>

Extraction Conditions Affect Protein Recovery and Enzyme Activity in Wood Wafers Exposed to Stain Fungi and Bioprotectants

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Li ◽  
J. J. Morrell
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Protein Recovery ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer

Summary We investigated the ability of selected buffers to extract proteins and other materials from the surfaces and subsurfaces of ponderosa pine wafers colonized by selected wood stain fungi and potential bioprotectant bacteria. The effects of extraction conditions on enzyme activity were also analyzed. The addition of Tween 80 to the extraction media markedly enhanced total protein recovery as well as enzyme activity. Increasing the extraction time from 6 to 12 hours failed to increase total protein recovery, indicating that either most of the protein was removed earlier or proteases in the wood had attacked proteins liberated during extraction. Relatively short extractions using sodium acetate buffer amended with Tween 80, therefore, produced the best protein recovery and enzyme activity. These conditions can be used for extracting wood colonized by various combinations of stain fungi and bacterial bioprotectants to study the effects of the interaction on physiologic activities of the target fungi.

The role of silicon in forages: A quantitative X-Ray study

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 416-417
Author(s):  
Janet H. Woodward ◽  
D. E. Akin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Percent Composition

Silicon (Si) is distributed throughout plant tissues, but its role in forages has not been clarified. Although Si has been suggested as an antiquality factor which limits the digestibility of structural carbohydrates, other research indicates that its presence in plants does not affect digestibility. We employed x-ray microanalysis to evaluate Si as an antiquality factor at specific sites of two cultivars of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactvlon (L.) Pers.). “Coastal” and “Tifton-78” were chosen for this study because previous work in our lab has shown that, although these two grasses are similar ultrastructurally, they differ in in vitro dry matter digestibility and in percent composition of Si.Two millimeter leaf sections of Tifton-7 8 (Tift-7 8) and Coastal (CBG) were incubated for 72 hr in 2.5% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0. For controls, sections were incubated in the sodium acetate buffer or were not treated.

The Preparation and Sunlight Activity of Nanocomposite Photocatalysts for Degradation of Methyl Orange Solution

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1397-1400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Mei Duan ◽  
Jing Hai Liu ◽  
Xiu Ting Xu ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
Zong Rui Liu
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Methyl Orange Solution ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
Composite Photocatalyst ◽  
One Step ◽  
Orange Solution ◽  
Xrd And Tem ◽  
Degradation Of Methyl Orange

Applying one-step solvothermal synthesis method, different CdS/TiO2 nanocomposite materials are obtained by changing the ratio of sulfur and titanium sources. The composite structure and morphology are determined by XRD and TEM. Taking the degradation of methyl orange solution as a model reaction, the photocatalytic activity of CdS/TiO2 composite materials is investigated. The results show that the amount of CdS in composite photocatalyst has great effects on the degradation efficiency of methyl orange under the irradiation of sunlight, and the lower pH of reaction system is also needed to sustain the high degradation efficiency for methyl orange.

Causes and prediction of changes in extractable phosphorus during flooding

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
IR Willett
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
P Release ◽  
Reduction Of Iron ◽  
No Release ◽  
Extractable Phosphorus ◽  
A Minor

In a laboratory experiment, samples of 18 soils, which are known to be flooded in the field, were flooded for up to 32 days. Both untreated and phosphate-treated (50 mg P kg-1) soils were studied. It was attempted to identify which chemical properties measured on the dry untreated soils, and the changes in pH, Eh and extractable Fe and Mn over the flooding periods, controlled the changes in sodium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) extractable phosphorus during flooding. It was shown that the reduction of iron(III) oxides was the dominant source of the P released during flooding. However, the amount of P released was strongly inhibited by re-sorption. Direct measurement of the amount of iron(III) reduced during flooding and measurement of phosphate sorption were required to predict the amount of P released during flooding. Organic matter contributed toward the P released during flooding. Its contribution appeared to be by mineralization, rather than by accelerating FeIII reduction. The reduction of MnIII and MnIII was a minor source of P in the untreated soils. Changes in soil pH during flooding were responsible for desorption of freshly applied P, but did not appear to affect P release in the untreated soils. The Vertisols and some of the Alfisols showed very little, or no release of P during flooding.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic activity of Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposite for the decomposition of methyl orange under visible light irradiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-sheng Wang ◽  
Yu-duo Zhang ◽  
Qiao-chu Wang ◽  
Bo Dong ◽  
Yan-jia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Methyl Orange Solution ◽  
Degradation Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Consistent Performance ◽  
Two Phases

AbstractZnO is modified by Cu2O by the process of precipitation and calcination. X-ray diffraction has shown that Cu2O/ZnO catalysts are made of highly purified cubic Cu2O and hexagonal ZnO. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have shown that ZnO adhered to the surface of Cu2O. Due to the doping of Cu2O, the absorption range of the Cu2O/ZnO catalyst is shifted from the ultraviolet to the visible region due to diffuse reflection. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectra have confirmed that there is a substantial interaction between the two phases of the resultant catalyst. The degradation efficiency of Cu2O/ZnO on methyl orange solution is obviously enhanced compared to Cu2O and ZnO. The maximum degradation efficiency is 98%. The degradation efficiency is affected by the pH of the solution and initial concentration. After three rounds of recycling, the degradation rate is almost same. This shows a consistent performance of Cu2O/ZnO. The increase in catalytic ability is related to the lattice interaction caused by the doping of Cu2O.

STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF COBRA AND RATTLESNAKE VENOMS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1073-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Neelin
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Acetate Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Sodium Acetate Buffer ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Starch Gel ◽  
Acidic Proteins

The effect of pH on gradient starch gel electrophoresis of the venoms of Crotalus adamanteus and Naja flava has been examined. Sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.1, ionic strength 0.020, appeared most effective for resolution of the former venom, and acetate buffer, pH 4.7, or cacodylate buffer, pH 6.0, for the latter. Two-dimensional starch gel electrophoresis resolved at least 20 zones from the crotaline venom and 11 from the colubrid. Two zones of hemolytic activity were separated from each venom: in C. adamanteus the less cationic zone included possibly two or more acidic proteins; the corresponding zone of N. flava was more basic, more homogeneous, and more active under the conditions of assay.

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