scholarly journals Radial increment dynamics in Pinus sylvestris stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
Y. I. Gritsan ◽  
V. M. Lovynska ◽  
S. A. Sytnyk
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees

The parameters of periodic increment (5-years) and peculiarities of its change depending on age, diameter, height and volume of trunk of Scots pine are determined. The influence of climate conditions (air temperature and precipitation) on the dynamics of radial increment change of Scots pine trees are established. The results of experimental studies, obtained from 20 temporary sample plots of pine stands within the Northern Steppe of Ukraine are presented. We conducted an estimate of radial increment of Scots pine trunks as a basis for development of normative and information support for assessment of biotic productivity of this category of forest. All selected sample trees had different age and biometric parameters. The age of sample trees ranged from 9 to 90 years; diameter at breast height – from 4.0 to 41.7 cm; height – from 4.2 to 30.0 m, trunk volume – from 0.002 to 1.748 m3. It is found that the radial increment of pine stem was significantly dependent on tree age. The highest values of radial increment of Scots pine trees were observed for trees aged up to 20 years. With increasing age, radial increment had a decreasing trend, including 90-year old trees. Regression models of the dependence of radial increment of pine trees on the age and diameter are presented. In the article, the dependence of the values of radial increment of sample trees from types of forest are demonstrated. The highest values of Scots pine radial increment was observed in sugruds and gruds, which were presented in tree samples of 20 years. Comparative analysis of radial increment change in the trees of one age category, which grew in different conditions, was conducted. The older trees had the maximum increment in the conditions of dry sugrud, and the minimum increment in conditions of fresh subor. Also in this article we used generalized chronology of Scots pine radial increment reflecting regional variability of growth in pine trees. The results supplemented the research obtained earlier with new data on the dependence of the pine radial growth rate on forest-biometric parameters. These experimental data, their graph-analytical evaluation yielded an information basis for modeling the radial increment of pine trees, created on the basis of dependence of this parameter on biometric indexes – age and diameter at breast height.

The Prediction of Heartwood Diameter in Radiata Pine Trees

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Hillis ◽  
Nell Ditchburne
Keyword(s):  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Heartwood Diameter ◽  
Different Parts

Cross-sectional characteristics of Pinusradiata trees grown in different parts of Australia were examined. A regression equation which related heartwood diameter at a given age of the tree to the diameter at breast height outside bark and the product of the tree age and its diameter at 5 years gave a high degree of correspondence between observed and predicted heartwood diameter.

scholarly journals Interactions of the Effects of Provenances and Habitats on the Growth of Scots Pine in Two Provenance Tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić ◽  
Dalibor Ballian
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
The Given

This research aims to determine the interaction of the effects of provenance and habitat conditions on provenance tests on the growth of Scots pine on two experimental plots in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Provenance tests are located on plots with different ecological conditions and altitudes: Romanija Glasinac, 1000 m, and Gostović Zavidovići, 480 m. Both tests include 11 provenances and two clonal seed plantations with 10 families in each, and five repetitions. Tree heights and diameters at breast height were measured at the age of 21 years. Interactions were determined using multivariate analysis for measured traits. The highest average heights on the provenance test Glasinac had provenances Bugojno, Romanija Glasinac, and Šipovo (8.8 m), and on the Gostović provenance Rogatica (11.0 m). The highest average diameter at breast height on the Glasinac test had Šipovo provenance (13.9 cm) and on the Gostović test Bosanski Petrovac provenance (12.3 cm). Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences among provenances in terms of diameter at breast height and height values. Multivariate analysis showed the presence of interactions of effects of provenances and habitat conditions on provenance tests. For provenances that did not show interaction, it is recommended to use provenances that performed better in the given ecological conditions, and for those that showed interaction, it is necessary to choose those provenances which are expected to show better results in given conditions later in life. The obtained results are very important for the conservation activities of this species.

Genetic parameters in diallel-crossed Scots pine favor heartwood formation breeding objectives

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Tore Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Length

After 25 years, full-sibs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a north Swedish progeny test showed an estimated heritability of 0.30 for heartwood diameter at 80 cm above ground. This was equal to the heritability estimate for tree height, although accompanied by a much larger additive genetic coefficient of variation (0.20 compared with 0.06). The heritability estimate for diameter at breast height was about half that for tree height. Strong and positive phenotypic and environmental correlations were assessed between heartwood and the following traits: diameter at breast height, tree height, and branch diameter. The genetic correlation was low and positive at 0.02 between heartwood and diameter at breast height in contrast with 0.27 between heartwood and tree height. The assessed genetic correlations between heartwood and branch diameter and between heartwood and crown length were very weak compared with the phenotypic and, particularly, environmental correlations. This indicates that the association between crown length and heartwood is significant with regard to environmental factors, no matter to what extent they are independently modified by genes. However, crown limit was the trait that showed the strongest genetic correlation with heartwood (0.49). Since no correlations with production traits were unfavorable, we conclude that including heartwood formation capacity in a breeding programmay be done without drawbacks and with good prospects for success.

Identification en forêt de chênes sessiles (Quercus petraea) présentant un angle du fil du bois intrinsèquement faible

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1958-1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Guilley ◽  
M Loubère ◽  
G Nepveu
Keyword(s):  
Ring Width ◽  
Quercus Petraea ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Spiral Grain ◽  
Grain Angle ◽  
Breast Height

Grain angle on bark (angle between the general direction of bark fissures and the axis of the trunk) was assessed at the four cardinal points at breast height (1.3 m) on 82 standing sessile oaks (Quercus petraea Liebl.). After felling, wood spiral grain was measured at breast height from cambium to pith along two diametrically opposite radii. A mixed-effect model that links the tangent of grain angle to radial position (age and distance from the pith) allows to estimate two individual parameters of grain angle. In the field, nondestructive measurements of grain angle (subcortical spiral grain or spiral grain on bark) on an individual tree combined with information on the tree stand allow to estimate one of the two parameters that describes the change in grain angle for a given radial increment. This parameter is independent of mean ring width, tree age and circumference, and site characteristics; it should allow a more accurate identification and selection of standing trees with low wood spiral grain.

scholarly journals Longitudinal analysis of annual height increment differentiation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands of different age classes

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Bogna Zawieja ◽  
Katarzyna Kaźmierczak
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pine Trees

Abstract In the study, the measurements of Scots pine height increments were used to compare the increments of pine trees of different age classes. All of the analyzed trees were growing in stands located on fresh mixed coniferous forest sites. The study concerned a 10-year period of growth of 8 tree age classes. Due to variation in climate conditions, all trees were studied over the same calendar period. Longitudinal analysis was used to compare different age classes of trees with reference to the increments in height. This procedure had not been previously used for such purpose. The results obtained did not confirm the hypothesis of parallel profiles implying that there existed differences in the growth of trees in various age groups.

Development of blue stain in mechanically harvested Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) logs during storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Szewczyk ◽  
Robert Jankowiak ◽  
Bartosz Mitka ◽  
Piotr Bożek ◽  
Piotr Bilański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Aesthetic

Blue stain is a type of discoloration that considerably lowers the aesthetic qualities of wood. During harvesting, fungal inoculum finds its way into the wood through places of cutting, delimbing, and damage to the tree stem. The development of peripheral blue stain in the logs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) due to damage by a harvester head was investigated, using logs felled and delimbed with a chainsaw as reference. The development of blue stain was related to the age class of the stand, the date of felling, and the microclimatic conditions of the wood storage place. The mean surface area of blue stain in logs produced with the harvester was almost 35 cm2, approximately 30% larger than that of the reference logs. In stands of the fourth age class (diameter at breast height 32 cm), the surface of blue stain was more than two times larger than that of stands of the third age class (diameter at breast height 24 cm). The mean area of blue stain in wood stored after spring felling (19.3 cm2) was about 50% of that after summer felling (38.2 cm2). In particular, the development of blue stain in logs obtained with a harvester was visible between weeks 6 and 9 after spring felling and between weeks 3 and 6 after summer felling. For both felling dates, the range of blue stain depended less on air temperature around the wood stack and depended more on the duration of storage.

scholarly journals Determining the Age of Streetside Trees with Diameter at Breast Height-based Multifactorial Model

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
Jan Lukaszkiewicz ◽  
Marek Kosmala
Keyword(s):  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Multifactorial Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
R Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Total Tree

This article evaluates the possibility of determining tree age based simultaneously on diameter at breast height (dbh) (1.3 m [4.3 ft]) and total tree height using common lime, common ash, and horsechestnut species. The first step was the identification and measuring groups of trees growing in similar conditions (streetside trees in Warsaw area, Poland) in which planting ages were known (mainly from archives). Next, multifactorial regression model was developed describing the growth of both tree parameters (dbh and height) over time. In the majority of cases, plotting tree age against diameter and height yielded a regression coefficient r value and determination coefficient r 2value above 0.9. For graphic interpretation of elaborated multifactorial models, nomograms were applied. This kind of graph allows explaining tree age based on both dbh and height of trees. Another step was verification. The resulting model was applied to unrelated groups of trees of known age. Mean bias values were established for each model. The difference between the actual age and mean age calculated with the model was less than ±15%. Presented model, although not meant for application to individual trees, might be useful to determine the age of groups of trees growing along streets and roads.

scholarly journals Juvenile wood volume and its proportion to stem volume vs. selected biometric features of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Tomczak ◽  
Witold Pazdrowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kupczyk ◽  
Tomasz Jelonek
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
The One

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between breast height diameter, tree height and stem total volume of Scots pines, on the one hand, and volume and proportion of juvenile wood, on the other. The investigations comprised pure pine stands of the IInd, IIIrd, IVth and Vth age classes developed in conditions of fresh mixed coniferous forest. A distinct curvilinear correlation was found between volume and proportion of juvenile wood in tree stems and breast height diameter, height and stem total volume. Because of high values of determination coefficients (R<sup>2</sup>), which characterised the above-mentioned correlations, it seems appropriate to use these regularities to assess the quality of the timber raw material regarding the proportions of its volume and juvenile wood in stems of Scots pine trees.

Cone serotiny in jack pine: ontogenetic, positional, and environmental effects

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gauthier ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Jean-Pierre Simon
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Environmental Causes

The main objective of this study was to determine empirically if the absence of serotinous (seed retaining) cones in young jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) was due to environmental causes, particularly to ground-radiated heat, or to the juvenility of the trees. Twenty-five jack pine populations were sampled in the southern part of the boreal forest, in Abitibi, Quebec. The age, diameter at breast height (DBH), and number of serotinous and nonserotinous cones per branch were determined for 30 trees per population. A subset of 10 other trees per population was felled to determine the number of serotinous and nonserotinous cones per cone age-class and per branch. DBH, age, and height of these trees were also measured. The results showed that DBH is more strongly related than age or height to the appearance of the first serotinous cone. Most trees that did not bear any serotinous cones had not reached a DBH of 7 cm. Until individuals had reached a DBH of 10 cm, the proportion of serotinous cones increased from year to year. The proportion of serotinous cones ≥4 years old was significantly lower than that of younger cones, indicating that old cones tended to open, particularly on those trees with a DBH greater than 10 cm. The proportion of serotinous cones on branches below 260 cm was significantly lower than that of cones situated above that height. The same trends were observed for cones where serotiny was determined in the laboratory, suggesting that the thermal environment is not entirely responsible for serotinous cone opening. We suggest that the age of branches affects the opening of cones and that the absence of serotinous cones in small trees is related to their juvenility. Seed release resulting from the absence of serotiny in small jack pine trees and the opening observed in old cones may play an important role in serotinous populations when the time interval between two fires is longer than the life-span of one jack pine generation.

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