Genetic parameters in diallel-crossed Scots pine favor heartwood formation breeding objectives

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Fries ◽  
Tore Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Heartwood Formation ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Length

After 25 years, full-sibs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in a north Swedish progeny test showed an estimated heritability of 0.30 for heartwood diameter at 80 cm above ground. This was equal to the heritability estimate for tree height, although accompanied by a much larger additive genetic coefficient of variation (0.20 compared with 0.06). The heritability estimate for diameter at breast height was about half that for tree height. Strong and positive phenotypic and environmental correlations were assessed between heartwood and the following traits: diameter at breast height, tree height, and branch diameter. The genetic correlation was low and positive at 0.02 between heartwood and diameter at breast height in contrast with 0.27 between heartwood and tree height. The assessed genetic correlations between heartwood and branch diameter and between heartwood and crown length were very weak compared with the phenotypic and, particularly, environmental correlations. This indicates that the association between crown length and heartwood is significant with regard to environmental factors, no matter to what extent they are independently modified by genes. However, crown limit was the trait that showed the strongest genetic correlation with heartwood (0.49). Since no correlations with production traits were unfavorable, we conclude that including heartwood formation capacity in a breeding programmay be done without drawbacks and with good prospects for success.

scholarly journals Tree crown size as a measure of tree biosocial position in 135-year-old oak (Quercus L.) stand

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kaźmierczak ◽  
Bogna Zawieja
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Projection Area ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Pca Method ◽  
Crown Projection Area

AbstractThe paper presents an attempt to apply measurable traits of a tree – crown projection area, crown length, diameter at breast height and tree height for classification of 135-year-old oak (QuercusL.) trees into Kraft classes. Statistical multivariate analysis was applied to reach the aim. Empirical material was collected on sample plot area of 0.75 ha, located in 135-year-old oak stand. Analysis of dimensional traits of oaks from 135-year-old stand allows quite certain classification of trees into three groups: pre-dominant, dominant and co-dominant and dominated ones. This seems to be quite promising, providing a tool for the approximation of the biosocial position of tree with no need for assessment in forest. Applied analyses do not allow distinguishing trees belonging to II and III Kraft classes. Unless the eye-estimation-based classification is completed, principal component analysis (PCA) method provided simple, provisional solution for grouping trees from 135-year-old stand into three over-mentioned groups. Discriminant analysis gives more precise results compared with PCA. In the analysed stand, the most important traits for the evaluation of biosocial position were diameter at breast height, crown projection area and height.

scholarly journals Norway Spruce Stem Parameters in Sites with Different Stand Densities in Lithuanian Hemiboreal Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Lina Beniušienė ◽  
Edmundas Petrauskas ◽  
Marius Aleinikovas ◽  
Iveta Varnagirytė-Kabašinskienė ◽  
Ričardas Beniušis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Quality

Background and Objectives: The study aimed to determine the changes of the main stem and branch parameters of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) trees under different stand densities. More specifically, the objective was to develop the models for the determination of branch diameter in 0–6 m log from root collar, taken as one of the parameters directly influencing the stem quality. The study continues a piece of research on stem and branch parameters’ responses to different stand density (SD) in the plantations of coniferous tree species in Lithuania. Materials and Methods: The following key parameters were measured in this study: total tree height, diameter at breast height, height to the lowest live branch, height to the lowest dead branch, and diameter of all branches in 0–6 m log. The linear regression models to predict branch diameter in 0–6 m log were developed based on stand density (SD), tree characteristics (tree diameter at breast height, DBH; and tree height, H) and other related stem and branch parameters. Results and Conclusions: Directly measured tree DBH, branch diameters and number of branches in 0–6 m log decreased significantly with the increasing SD. In the 0–6 m log, the branch diameter and the diameter of the thickest branch were identified as the main parameters related to stem quality. The best fitted models, developed including SD, tree DBH, branch diameter, and diameter of the thickest branch in 0–3 m log, can be proposed as a predictor for stem-wood quality for Norway spruce in hemiboreal forest zone.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Wood Yield Selection Index in a Clonal Trial of Korean Pine (Pinus koraiensis) in Northeastern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
David Kombi Kaviriri ◽  
Huan-Zhen Liu ◽  
Xi-Yang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Selection Index ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Straightness ◽  
Clonal Trial

In order to determine suitable traits for selecting high-wood-yield Korean pine materials, eleven morphological characteristics (tree height, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, stem straightness degree, crown breadth, crown height, branch angle, branch number per node, bark thickness, and stem volume) were investigated in a 38-year-old Korean pine clonal trial at Naozhi orchard. A statistical approach combining variance and regression analysis was used to extract appropriate traits for selecting elite clones. Results of variance analysis showed significant difference in variance sources in most of the traits, except for the stem straightness degree, which had a p-value of 0.94. Moderate to high coefficients of variation and clonal repeatability ranged from 10.73% to 35.45% and from 0.06% to 0.78%, respectively. Strong significant correlations on the phenotypic and genotypic levels were observed between the straightness traits and tree volume, but crown breadth was weakly correlated to the volume. Four principal components retaining up to 80% of the total variation were extracted, and stem volume, basal diameter, diameter at breast height, diameter at 3 meter height, tree height, and crown height displayed high correlation to these components (r ranged from 0.76 to 0.98). Based on the Type III sum of squares, tree height, diameter at breast height, and branch number showed significant information to explain the clonal variability based on stem volume. Using the extracted characteristics as the selection index, six clones (PK105, PK59, PK104, PK36, PK28, and K101) displayed the highest Qi values, with a selection rate of 5% corresponding to the genetic gain of 42.96% in stem volume. This study provides beneficial information for the selection of multiple traits for genetically improved genotypes of Korean pine.

scholarly journals Seemingly Unrelated Mixed-Effects Biomass Models for Black Locust in West Poland

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Karol Bronisz ◽  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Rafał Wojtan ◽  
Robert Tomusiak ◽  
Agnieszka Bronisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Independent Variable

Information about tree biomass is important not only in the assessment of wood resources but also in the process of preparing forest management plans, as well as for estimating carbon stocks and their flow in forest ecosystems. The study aimed to develop empirical models for determining the dry mass of the aboveground parts of black locust trees and their components (stem, branches, and leaves). The research was carried out based on data collected in 13 stands (a total of 38 sample trees) of black locust located in western Poland. The model system was developed based on multivariate mixed-effect models using two approaches. In the first approach, biomass components and tree height were defined as dependent variables, while diameter at breast height was used as an independent variable. In the second approach, biomass components and diameter at breast height were dependent variables and tree height was defined as the independent variable. Both approaches enable the fixed-effect and cross-model random-effect prediction of aboveground dry biomass components of black locust. Cross-model random-effect prediction was obtained using additional measurements of two extreme trees, defined as trees characterized by the smallest and largest diameter at breast height in sample plot. This type of prediction is more precise (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 77.603 and 188.139, respectively) than that of fixed-effects prediction (root mean square error for stem dry biomass for both approaches equals 238.716 and 206.933, respectively). The use of height as an independent variable increases the possibility of the practical application of the proposed solutions using remote data sources.

scholarly journals Field Evaluation of Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. at Two Sites in Indo-gangetic Plains of India

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. S. Dhillon ◽  
Avtar Singh ◽  
Pritpal Singh ◽  
D. S. Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Gangetic Plains ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Northwestern India

Abstract Results from clonal trials of Populus deltoides conducted in two distinct agroclimatic regions of Punjab in northwestern India are reported and discussed. Sixteen clones were evaluated at Hambran and Bathinda where commonly grown clone ‘G-48’ was considered as control. Significant differences among clones (P < 0.001) were observed for diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height and volume at the age of four and six years under both the site conditions. Clone ‘L-48’ ranked first for volume at six year age at both sites and was followed by clone ‘Ranikhet’. The respective superiority for volume of these clones over control was 44.8 and 23.2 per cent at Hambran and 72.5 and 30.7 per cent at Bathinda. All growth traits registered significantly higher values at Hambran in comparison to those at Bathinda. Clone x site interaction was also significant (P < 0.001). The clones ‘L-168’, ‘154/86’, ‘Solan-z’ and ‘170/88’ experienced huge fluctuation in ranking between sites for volume at 6-year age. The DBH and height showed significant and positive correlation with each other and with tree volume at all the age combinations. The clonal mean heritability was quite high both at Hambran (0.73-0.86) and Bathinda (0.80-0.95). The genetic advance were the highest for volume (33.34-64.26%) and the lowest (10.65-22.79%) in case of height.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Relative Stem Taper Curves Estimated Only from Tree Height and Diameter at Breast Height:

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Ishida ◽  
Satoshi Naoi ◽  
Yasumasa Watanabe ◽  
Akinori Tsuzuku ◽  
Masaya Aoki
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Stem Taper

scholarly journals Interactions of the Effects of Provenances and Habitats on the Growth of Scots Pine in Two Provenance Tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirzeta Memišević Hodžić ◽  
Dalibor Ballian
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Provenance Test ◽  
The Given

This research aims to determine the interaction of the effects of provenance and habitat conditions on provenance tests on the growth of Scots pine on two experimental plots in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Provenance tests are located on plots with different ecological conditions and altitudes: Romanija Glasinac, 1000 m, and Gostović Zavidovići, 480 m. Both tests include 11 provenances and two clonal seed plantations with 10 families in each, and five repetitions. Tree heights and diameters at breast height were measured at the age of 21 years. Interactions were determined using multivariate analysis for measured traits. The highest average heights on the provenance test Glasinac had provenances Bugojno, Romanija Glasinac, and Šipovo (8.8 m), and on the Gostović provenance Rogatica (11.0 m). The highest average diameter at breast height on the Glasinac test had Šipovo provenance (13.9 cm) and on the Gostović test Bosanski Petrovac provenance (12.3 cm). Variance analysis showed statistically significant differences among provenances in terms of diameter at breast height and height values. Multivariate analysis showed the presence of interactions of effects of provenances and habitat conditions on provenance tests. For provenances that did not show interaction, it is recommended to use provenances that performed better in the given ecological conditions, and for those that showed interaction, it is necessary to choose those provenances which are expected to show better results in given conditions later in life. The obtained results are very important for the conservation activities of this species.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation and Correlation among Resin Yield, Growth, and Morphologic Traits of Pinus massoniana

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Zhichun Zhou ◽  
Huihua Fan ◽  
Yurong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
The Other ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Family Effects ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn breeding programs, the variations and relationships among main traits need to be understood to develop selection and breeding strategies. Resin is considered as one of most important non-timber production of P. massoniana which can privides terpenes used in the chemical industry. The present study assessed the genetic variations in growth, morphologic traits, and resin yield, as well as the phenotypic and genetic correlations between these traits of 45 half-sib families of eight-year-old Pinus massoniana trees. All traits show highly significant family effects. The individual heritability for diameter at breast height (DBH) was the highest (hi2=0.55). Heritabilities for resin yield, tree height, crown depth, and the height to the live crown were slightly lower than DBH, ranging from 0.32 to 0.45. The other traits were under weak genetic control and heritabilities ranged from 0.17 to 0.20. All growth and morphologic traits were significantly correlated genetically with resin yield. Number of living branches had the highest genetic correlation with resin yield (rg=0.99), followed by DBH and number of living whorls (rg=0.73 and 0.70). Only a moderate positive genetic correlation with resin yield was found with the other traits (rg=0.47-0.57), except for height under the living branches (rg=-0.45). The results of this study indicate that both resin yield and growth can be improved simultaneously in the next generation. Of the traits assessed DBH was the optimum trait for indirectly selecting high-yielding resin trees.

scholarly journals Reproductive phenology of Uspí tree Couepia polyandra (Kunth) Rose (Chrysobalanaceae) in Campeche, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol de Mayo A. Mejenes-López ◽  
Gustavo E. Mendoza-Arroyo ◽  
Manuel Marín-Quintero ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Chiquini-Medina
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Reproductive Phenology ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Diameter At Breast Height ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dependent Variables

Objective. To describe reproductive phenological stages, since the formation of flower buds, flowering, fruiting, up to the formation of the ripe fruit and foliation of 21 Couepia polyandra trees; and correlation of allometric data of tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and crown diameter, as well as the correlation of precipitation with reproductive phenology data. Methodology. The description of the reproductive phenology (foliage, formation of flower buds, flowers, fruits) was done by direct monthly observation with a digital camera (Canon SX60HS, 65). The correlation among precipitation, allometry, and types of soils where the trees grow was calculated by recording data from each tree by measuring height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and foliage. Results. The highest tree was 21.0 m; the widest DBH measured 68 cm; and the greater crown diameter was 34.45 m; the overall averages were 10.38 m, 33.17 cm and 9.37 m, respectively. A significant correlation was found between height and DBH (r=0.91, p<0.05); the correlations for the variables Height-Crown and DBH-Crown were not significant (p>0.05). Conclusions. Water as a factor is responsible for the formation of inflorescence and fruit; determining that these phenological events are dependent variables with precipitation, highlighting a mean positive relation with the growth of flowers.

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