Multifactorial model of willingness to get vaccinated in medical students during 3rd wave of COVID-19 pandemic

Vaccination of the population is the most essential and decisive measure in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic that has involved the whole world. The vaccination of healthcare workers and medical students who can spread the infection among patients is crucial.Objective: to study the attitude towards vaccination among medical students.Patients and methods. From 18 to 22 June 2021, an anonymous Internet survey of 364 students of medical and technical universities was conducted. The sample included 135 medical students with no immunity to COVID-19 – who had not been ill or vaccinated. Three variants of behavioral strategies related to vaccination were compared: refusal to vaccinate, observation of the situation, consent to vaccination.Results and discussion. The key factors influencing the choice of a behavioral strategy for avoiding vaccination are the belief that COVID-19 infection is not dangerous for young people and that the vaccine is not studied enough. The willingness to get vaccinated is associated with denial of insufficient knowledge about the vaccine, belief in its safety and effectiveness, fear of infecting loved ones. The observer student group is characterized by an intermediate position on vaccination beliefs.Conclusion. To increase the willingness for vaccination, it is necessary, first of all, to spread the information about the vaccine, its safety (inability to cause severe complications, death) and effectiveness in preventing infection, reducing the level of anxiety concerning vaccination. It is also important to spread awareness about the danger of infecting loved ones and increase personal responsibility for the health of their loved ones.

STRATEGIC FORECAST OF MULTIFACTORIAL IMPACT ON THE EFFICIENCY OF DIVERSIFIED ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the present scientific research is to perform a strategic forecast of multifactorial impact on the efficiency of diversified enterprises, construction of a multifactorial linear regression model of strategic forecast of profitability level of the studied enterprises, as well as a multifactorial model of logistic regression of strategic forecast of low profitability risks as a result of implementation of innovative strategies of diversified enterprises’ development of in the long run. To achieve this purpose, the main criteria were ranked (Kruskal — Wallis ranking criteria (KWC) to assess the differences between the medians of different samples (c > 2), where KWC is a nonparametric alternative to the F-criterion in the one-factor analysis of variance. If the conditions necessary for the application of the F-criterion in multivariate variance-regression analysis are met, the KWC has the same influence. To build the models, the method of construction of multifactor models of logistic regression with step-by-step inclusion/exclusion of features was used (Stepwise with the inclusion threshold p < 0.1 and the exclusion threshold p > 0.2). The research was conducted on the basis of data from the State Statistics Committee and on the basis of data analysis of the surveyed agro-industrial enterprises. Strategic forecast of the results of multifactorial impact on the efficiency of diversified enterprises was made, based on the formation of a rational management structure of innovative strategies for the development of diversified agro-industrial enterprises. The obtained results allowed to obtain the median indicators of the general set of research objects and a clear bifurcation picture of the strategic development of enterprises for the future. A methodical approach to the implementation of strategic forecasting of multifactorial impact on the efficiency of diversified enterprises, based on the development of strategic guidelines for diversified enterprises taking into account the system of restraining factors of innovative development. This allowed to establish that selection and development of innovative strategies assessment of compliance of internal capabilities of the enterprise (potential of innovative development) with external (market opportunities and threats), with regard to the pace of scientific and technological progress and the resulting change in the elements of micro- and macrosystems of the infrastructure of the enterprise. The multifactorial analysis and construction of the multifactor model of linear regression of strategic forecast of agro-industrial enterprises’ profitability, as well as the multifactorial model of logistic regression of strategic forecast of low profitability risks probability have proved the usefulness of implementation of innovative strategies of competitiveness on domestic and foreign markets. Keywords: agro-industrial enterprise, diversified enterprise, innovative development strategy, optimal strategic decision, strategic forecast. JEL Classification С53, O13, O12 Formulas: 4; fig.: 9; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 33.

Prediction Model for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Newborns

OBJECTIVE: To develop a multifactorial model that allows the prediction of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single-center retrospective study of infants born below 32 + 0 weeks gestational age. We created a receiver operating characteristic curve to assess the multifactorial BPD risk and calculated the BPD risk accuracy using the area under the curve (AUC). The BPD risk was categorized using a multifactorial predictive model based on the weight of the evidence. RESULTS: Of the 278 analyzed preterm newborns, 127 (46%) developed BPD. The significant risk factors for BPD in the multivariate analysis were gestational age, number of red blood cell concentrate transfusions, number of surfactant administrations, and hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus. The combination of these factors determined the risk of developing BPD, with an AUC value of 0.932. A multifactorial predictive model based on these factors, weighted by their odds ratios, identified four categories of newborns with mean BPD risks of 9%, 59%, 82%, and 100%. CONCLUSION: A multifactorial model based on easily available clinical factors can predict BPD risk in preterm newborns and inform potential preventive measures.

Statistical Operational Control of Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors by Using Multifactorial Model

С использованием метода статистического дискретного наблюдения получены результаты анализа качества приварки катодного вывода танталовых конденсаторов с жидким электролитом. Базисными информативными показателями установлены баллы качества, рассчитанные по разработанной методике системного межэтапного анализа качества конденсаторов (см. работы в журнале «Вестник ИжГТУ имени М. Т. Калашникова» за 2018 г.). Проведены верификационные экспериментальные исследования для танталовых конденсаторов с твердым электролитом по разработанному методу системного контроля технологического процесса танталовых электролитических конденсаторов с построением многофакторной модели. В результате исследований установлено наличие отклонения твердоэлектролитических конденсаторов по параметрическому несоответствию тока утечки. Для проведения многофакторного эксперимента выбран процесс изготовления объемно-пористого танталового анодного электрода. Построена регрессионная математическая модель процесса изготовления танталового анода в зависимости от факторов прессования, спекания и электрохимического оксидирования. В сформированной математической модели обнаружено наиболее сильное параметрическое влияние на характеристику «ток утечки» плотности прессования и напряжения оксидирования, а также совокупного фактора плотности прессования и температуры спекания; имеется также незначительное влияние температуры и совокупности факторов температуры и напряжения оксидирования. Разработанный метод системного контроля технологического процесса танталовых электролитических конденсаторов с использованием многофакторной модели позволяет минимизировать отказы танталовых конденсаторов на входном контроле и в аппаратуре заказчика.

A multifactorial model of pathology for age of onset heterogeneity in familial Alzheimer’s disease

Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) mutations cause familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD) characterized by early age of onset (AoO). Examination of a large kindred harboring the PSEN1-E280A mutation reveals a range of AoO spanning 30 years. The pathophysiological drivers and clinical impact of AoO variation in this population are unknown. We examined brains of 23 patients focusing on generation and deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) and Tau pathology profile. In 14 patients distributed at the extremes of AoO, we performed whole-exome capture to identify genotype–phenotype correlations. We also studied kinome activity, proteasome activity, and protein polyubiquitination in brain tissue, associating it with Tau phosphorylation profiles. PSEN1-E280A patients showed a bimodal distribution for AoO. Besides AoO, there were no clinical differences between analyzed groups. Despite the effect of mutant PSEN1 on production of Aβ, there were no relevant differences between groups in generation and deposition of Aβ. However, differences were found in hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau) pathology, where early onset patients showed severe pathology with diffuse aggregation pattern associated with increased activation of stress kinases. In contrast, late-onset patients showed lesser pTau pathology and a distinctive kinase activity. Furthermore, we identified new protective genetic variants affecting ubiquitin–proteasome function in early onset patients, resulting in higher ubiquitin-dependent degradation of differentially phosphorylated Tau. In PSEN1-E280A carriers, altered γ-secretase activity and resulting Aβ accumulation are prerequisites for early AoO. However, Tau hyperphosphorylation pattern, and its degradation by the proteasome, drastically influences disease onset in individuals with otherwise similar Aβ pathology, hinting toward a multifactorial model of disease for FAD. In sporadic AD (SAD), a wide range of heterogeneity, also influenced by Tau pathology, has been identified. Thus, Tau-induced heterogeneity is a common feature in both AD variants, suggesting that a multi-target therapeutic approach should be used to treat AD.