scholarly journals NUMBERS OF SPERMATOZOA IN THE GENITAL TRACT AFTER ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF PROGESTAGEN-TREATED EWES

Reproduction ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. QUINLIVAN ◽  
T. J. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract

scholarly journals Morphologic aspects of the genital tract from Nellore cows undergoing gynecological screening to insertion in the fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) program

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
R. Mello ◽  
M. Mello ◽  
M. Abidu-Figueiredo ◽  
P. Scherer ◽  
H. Palhano
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rectal Palpation

Abstract Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the genital tract from 98 Nellore cows by rectal palpation and combine them with the functional aspects for inclusion in a fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) program. Methods: Were evaluated the ovaries, cervix and vulva, as well as the body condition score (BCS scale 1-5). Results: In relation to the ovaries, there were palpable structures found in 51 (17 CL and 34 FL) in the rights ovarian and 37 palpable structures (06 CL and 31 FL) in the left ovary. Asymmetry was found in 17.3% and uterine cervicitis in 20.4% of examined females. Changes were noted in vulva in 51.0% (40 to 10 papules and hyperemia) and the average of BCS was 3.15. On the basis of morphological aspects founded, 29 females with an average of BCS 2.7 and 01 with metritis were excluded and 07 (BCS-3, 5) inseminated immediately after the exam, with 61 included in the TAI program. These data support the conclusion that of all ovulations occurred, characterized by the presence of CL, most occurred in the right ovary (73.9%). The prevalence rate (51%) of vulvar aspects found, indicate a need for research of reproductive diseases in their flock. Conclusion: The BCS may impacts on the cyclicity and in the pregnancy rate of females included in the program.

scholarly journals Sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch following artificial insemination in relation to the time of ovulation

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rijsselaere ◽  
A Van Soom ◽  
S Van Cruchten ◽  
M Coryn ◽  
K Görtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present study, sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch following artificial insemination (AI) in relation to the time of ovulation was investigated by histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flushing. Ten bitches were inseminated intravaginally with 500 × 106spermatozoa: three dogs before ovulation, four dogs during ovulation and three dogs after ovulation. Ovariohysterectomy was performed 24 h after AI. Half of the genital tract was divided into nine segments (cervix, corpus uteri, caudal, middle and cranial uterine horn (UTH), utero–tubal junction (UTJ), isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum), which were processed for histology and SEM. The contralateral UTH and uterine tube (UT) were flushed, and several sperm characteristics were assessed. Histology revealed that the spermatozoa were mainly located in the uterine glands and at the UTJ, while very few spermatozoa were detected in the UT. Insemination during ovulation resulted in higher percentages of glands with spermatozoa in the different parts of the uterus (P< 0.05). Evaluation by SEM showed higher numbers of spermatozoa in several parts of the uterus for bitches inseminated during ovulation (P< 0.05). The mean number of spermatozoa flushed from the UTH and the UT was low. No significant differences in the evaluated sperm quality parameters were found between the flushings of the UTH and the UT. In conclusion, based on our findings, the uterine glands and the UTJ might act as sperm reservoirs in the bitch and sperm transport in the genital tract is affected by the time of AI in relation to ovulation.

scholarly journals Influence of the Ovine Genital Tract Microbiota on the Species Artificial Insemination Outcome. A Pilot Study in Commercial Sheep Farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Malena Serrano ◽  
Eric Climent ◽  
Fernando Freire ◽  
Juan F. Martínez-Blanch ◽  
Carmen González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Hypervariable Regions ◽  
Histophilus Somni ◽  
Outcome Differences ◽  
First Time

To date, there is a lack of research into the vaginal and sperm microbiome and its bearing on artificial insemination (AI) success in the ovine species. Using hypervariable regions V3–V4 of the 16S rRNA, we describe, for the first time, the combined effect of the ovine microbiome of both females (50 ewes belonging to five herds) and males (five AI rams from an AI center) on AI outcome. Differences in microbiota abundance between pregnant and non-pregnant ewes and between ewes carrying progesterone-releasing intravaginal devices (PRID) with or without antibiotic were tested at different taxonomic levels. The antibiotic treatment applied with the PRID only altered Streptobacillus genus abundance, which was significantly lower in ewes carrying PRID with antibiotic. Mageebacillus, Histophilus, Actinobacilllus and Sneathia genera were significantly less abundant in pregnant ewes. In addition, these genera were more abundant in two farms with higher AI failure. Species of these genera such as Actinobacillus seminis and Histophilus somni have been associated with reproductive disorders in the ovine species. These genera were not present in the sperm samples of AI rams, but were found in the foreskin samples of rams belonging to herd 2 (with high AI failure rate) indicating that their presence in ewes’ vagina could be due to prior transmission by natural mating with rams reared in the herd.

scholarly journals 4 EFFECT OF THE TIMING OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON THE NUMBER OF SPERMATOZOA DISCOVERED IN THE UTERINE CRYPTS OF THE BITCH

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rijsselaere ◽  
A. Van Soom ◽  
S. Van Cruchten ◽  
M. Coryn ◽  
K. Gortz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Comparable Size

Canine spermatozoa may be stored for several days within the genital tract of the bitch since natural matings 8 to 9 days before ovulation may result in litters. Several studies have suggested that the sperm reservoir in the dog is located in the uterine crypts and the uterotubal junction (UTJ). In the present study, we investigated the effect of the timing of artificial insemination (AI) in relation to ovulation on the sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch. Ten beagle dogs were inseminated intravaginally with 500 × 106 spermatozoa. Based on progesterone concentration, three dogs were inseminated 1–2 days before ovulation, four dogs during ovulation, and three dogs 2–3 days after ovulation. Ovariohysterectomy was performed 24 h after AI. The genital tract was divided into eight segments (i.e. corpus uteri; caudal, middle, and cranial parts of the uterine horn; UTJ; isthmus; ampulla; and infundibulum) which were processed for histology. From each segment, 30 histological sections were evaluated. For the UTJ and the different segments of the oviduct, the total number of spermatozoa was determined. For the different parts of the uterus, on each of these 30 sections, 100 uterine crypts of comparable size were evaluated for the presence of spermatozoa. The crypts were divided into crypts without spermatozoa, crypts with 1 sperm cell, crypts with 2 to 5 spermatozoa, and crypts with either more than 5 spermatozoa or in which the spermatozoa were clustered. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance. Histology revealed that the spermatozoa were located mainly in the uterine crypts and at the UTJ, while very few spermatozoa were detected in the different parts of the oviduct. Insemination during ovulation resulted in higher percentages of crypts with spermatozoa in the different parts of the uterus (P < 0.05). Moreover, for the ovulatory group, 54.7% of the uterine crypts with spermatozoa contained more than 5 spermatozoa (or clusters) compared to 19.9% and 28.2% for the pre- and post-ovulatory groups, respectively (P < 0.05). In the pre-ovulatory group, 59.6% of the uterine crypts with spermatozoa contained only 1 sperm cell whereas in the post-ovulatory group, frequently 1 (34.0%) or 2 to 5 spermatozoa (37.9%) were found per crypt. In conclusion, sperm transport in the genital tract of the bitch is affected by the time of AI in relation to ovulation. Insemination during the ovulation period resulted in higher percentages of uterine crypts with spermatozoa, and most of these crypts contained 5 or more spermatozoa. Further research should determine whether the number of sperm binding sites expressed on the epithelium of the canine uterine crypts is influenced by the ovulation event. This research was supported by the UGent Special Research Fund, Grant numbers 011 B8698 and 011 B8301.

XX.—Studies on Reproduction in the Albino Mouse. III. The Duration of Life of Spermatozoa in the Female Reproductive Tract

1940 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Merton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Exact Data ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Male Genital

The method of artificial insemination in the mouse, which has been used successfully only once previously (Mark and Long, 1911), has made it possible to collect exact data on the duration of life and the fertilising capacity of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. Earlier results concerning the conditions under which spermatozoa from the male genital tract attain their maximum activity (Merton, II) and the exact knowledge of the time of parturition (Merton, I) were helpful in carrying out artificial insemination during the following œstrous period.

Conservation of fresh ram spermatozoa at 5°C in the presence of seminal plasma

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Morrier ◽  
F. Castonguay ◽  
J. L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Sperm Function ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Ram Sperm ◽  
Female Genital

Seminal plasma aids sperm transport and contains factors beneficial for sperm function. In artificial insemination, however, diluting the semen reduces the concentration of seminal plasma. To test the hypothesis that supplemental seminal plasma in extended ram semen improves conservation at 5°C, we added various concentrations of seminal plasma to semen during storage, and investigated subsequent sperm function in vitro. Semen was divided into three aliquots, extended in a commercial diluent (Triladyl) supplemented with 0, 10 or 25% (vol:vol) ovine seminal plasma and cooled to 5°C. After 8 and 24 h at 5°C, sperm were suspended in a modified synthetic oviduct fluid (SOF-m) at 39°C to mimic the female genital tract at insemination. Sperm aliquots were assessed for motility and chlortetracycline fluorescence after 0, 4 and 8 h in the SOFm. No significant differences were observed due to seminal plasma supplementation during conservation at 5°C or incubation in SOF-m at 39°C. However, decreased sperm motility and fewer non-capacitated sperm were observed concomitant with an augmentation of capacitated and acrosome-reacted cells during incubation in SOF-m. Therefore, the hypothesis that diluent supplementation with homologous seminal plasma improves ram sperm conservation or subsequent sperm function was not supported. Key words: Ovine, ram, sperm, motility, viability, chlortetracycline fluorescence, artificial insemination, SOF

scholarly journals Neutrophil recruitment and phagocytosis of boar spermatozoa after artificial insemination of sows, and the effects of inseminate volume, sperm dose and specific additives in the extender

Reproduction ◽  
2003 ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Matthijs ◽  
B Engel ◽  
H Woelders
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Tissue Homogenates ◽  
Leucocyte Recruitment ◽  
Boar Spermatozoa

In this study the recruitment of leucocytes and phagocytosis of spermatozoa after artificial insemination of multiparous sows was investigated. In Expt 1, groups of sows received either no inseminate (n = 6) or inseminates with various concentrations of spermatozoa and seminal plasma or different inseminate volumes (n = 9 per group). In Expt 2, groups of sows received inseminates containing no addition, caffeine + CaCl(2), or excess EDTA (n = 6 per group). Leucocytes and spermatozoa were counted in the collected backflow from the vulva, and in the PBS flushings of the genital tract of sows killed at 4 h after insemination. Tissue homogenates were checked for remaining spermatozoa. Leucocyte recruitment did not depend on the presence of seminal plasma or spermatozoa. In the control groups about 43% of the inseminated spermatozoa were found in the backflow and 5% in the genital tract. Many spermatozoa could be recognized inside polymorphonuclear leucocytes. With an inseminate volume of 20 ml instead of 80 ml, fewer spermatozoa were found in the backflow and more (non-phagocytosed) spermatozoa were recovered in the uterus (P < or = 0.05). With a sperm dose of 0.24 x 10(9) instead of 2.4 x 10(9), a higher percentage of the inseminated spermatozoa was recovered in the oviducts (P < or = 0.05). The use of caffeine + CaCl(2) resulted in lower recruitment of leucocytes (P < or = 0.05) and a higher number of non-phagocytosed spermatozoa in the uterus (P < or = 0.01) compared with controls. The numbers of spermatozoa in the oviducts were not different. Insemination with excess EDTA had no positive effects on the number of spermatozoa in the genital tract.

scholarly journals Effects of Saccharides Supplementation in the Extender of Cryopreserved Rooster (Gallus domesticus) Semen on the Fertility of Frozen/Thawed Spermatozoa

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Olga Stanishevskaya ◽  
Yulia Silyukova ◽  
Nikolai Pleshanov ◽  
Anton Kurochkin ◽  
Elena Fedorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
Functional Safety ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Experimental Media ◽  
Egg Fertility ◽  
Perivitelline Membrane

The aim of this study was to create balanced media for the cryopreservation of rooster semen in pellets to maintain the functional state of the sperm after thawing. Fructose was replaced by trehalose in experimental media in proportions of 10% (LCM-T10) and 20% (LCM-T20), while LCM was used as a control. After artificial insemination of the hens, the eggs were incubated (n = 400). To determine the functional safety of spermatozoa in the genital tract of hens after 5, 10, and 15 days from the last insemination, we used a method for assessing the interaction of sperm with the perivitelline membrane. Significantly higher rates of egg fertilization (82–86%) were obtained when using LCM-T10 and LCM-T20 compared to control (79%, p < 0.05). Egg fertility on the 5th day from the last insemination with the LCM-T20 diluent reached 100% versus 86% in the control; on the 10th day, the fertility rates were 55% versus 20%, respectively. The best results for fertility duration were obtained by freezing spermatozoa with LCM-T20 medium. The numbers of interaction points of spermatozoa with the perivitelline membrane were as follows: on the 5th day from the last insemination with LCM-T20—461.5 ± 11.5 holes/cm2 (LCM-control—13.7 ± 2.7 holes/cm2), p < 0.01; on the 10th day with LCM-T20—319.3 ± 12.9 holes/cm2 (LCM-control—14.9 ± 3.5 holes/cm2); and on the 15th day with LCM-T20—345.2 ± 11.1 holes/cm2 (LCM-control—0 holes/cm2). In conclusion, the use of trehalose in LCM diluent medium can increase the fertility of frozen/thawed sperm and the duration of their fertility in the genital tract of hens.

Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
R. L. Reeder ◽  
S. H. Rogers ◽  
W. A. Shannon
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Digestive Organ ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

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