scholarly journals Sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch following artificial insemination in relation to the time of ovulation

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 128 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Rijsselaere ◽  
A Van Soom ◽  
S Van Cruchten ◽  
M Coryn ◽  
K Görtz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Uterine Glands ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the present study, sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch following artificial insemination (AI) in relation to the time of ovulation was investigated by histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flushing. Ten bitches were inseminated intravaginally with 500 × 106spermatozoa: three dogs before ovulation, four dogs during ovulation and three dogs after ovulation. Ovariohysterectomy was performed 24 h after AI. Half of the genital tract was divided into nine segments (cervix, corpus uteri, caudal, middle and cranial uterine horn (UTH), utero–tubal junction (UTJ), isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum), which were processed for histology and SEM. The contralateral UTH and uterine tube (UT) were flushed, and several sperm characteristics were assessed. Histology revealed that the spermatozoa were mainly located in the uterine glands and at the UTJ, while very few spermatozoa were detected in the UT. Insemination during ovulation resulted in higher percentages of glands with spermatozoa in the different parts of the uterus (P< 0.05). Evaluation by SEM showed higher numbers of spermatozoa in several parts of the uterus for bitches inseminated during ovulation (P< 0.05). The mean number of spermatozoa flushed from the UTH and the UT was low. No significant differences in the evaluated sperm quality parameters were found between the flushings of the UTH and the UT. In conclusion, based on our findings, the uterine glands and the UTJ might act as sperm reservoirs in the bitch and sperm transport in the genital tract is affected by the time of AI in relation to ovulation.

scholarly journals 4 EFFECT OF THE TIMING OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION ON THE NUMBER OF SPERMATOZOA DISCOVERED IN THE UTERINE CRYPTS OF THE BITCH

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Rijsselaere ◽  
A. Van Soom ◽  
S. Van Cruchten ◽  
M. Coryn ◽  
K. Gortz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
Corpus Uteri ◽  
Sperm Reservoir ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Comparable Size

Canine spermatozoa may be stored for several days within the genital tract of the bitch since natural matings 8 to 9 days before ovulation may result in litters. Several studies have suggested that the sperm reservoir in the dog is located in the uterine crypts and the uterotubal junction (UTJ). In the present study, we investigated the effect of the timing of artificial insemination (AI) in relation to ovulation on the sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch. Ten beagle dogs were inseminated intravaginally with 500 × 106 spermatozoa. Based on progesterone concentration, three dogs were inseminated 1–2 days before ovulation, four dogs during ovulation, and three dogs 2–3 days after ovulation. Ovariohysterectomy was performed 24 h after AI. The genital tract was divided into eight segments (i.e. corpus uteri; caudal, middle, and cranial parts of the uterine horn; UTJ; isthmus; ampulla; and infundibulum) which were processed for histology. From each segment, 30 histological sections were evaluated. For the UTJ and the different segments of the oviduct, the total number of spermatozoa was determined. For the different parts of the uterus, on each of these 30 sections, 100 uterine crypts of comparable size were evaluated for the presence of spermatozoa. The crypts were divided into crypts without spermatozoa, crypts with 1 sperm cell, crypts with 2 to 5 spermatozoa, and crypts with either more than 5 spermatozoa or in which the spermatozoa were clustered. The data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance. Histology revealed that the spermatozoa were located mainly in the uterine crypts and at the UTJ, while very few spermatozoa were detected in the different parts of the oviduct. Insemination during ovulation resulted in higher percentages of crypts with spermatozoa in the different parts of the uterus (P < 0.05). Moreover, for the ovulatory group, 54.7% of the uterine crypts with spermatozoa contained more than 5 spermatozoa (or clusters) compared to 19.9% and 28.2% for the pre- and post-ovulatory groups, respectively (P < 0.05). In the pre-ovulatory group, 59.6% of the uterine crypts with spermatozoa contained only 1 sperm cell whereas in the post-ovulatory group, frequently 1 (34.0%) or 2 to 5 spermatozoa (37.9%) were found per crypt. In conclusion, sperm transport in the genital tract of the bitch is affected by the time of AI in relation to ovulation. Insemination during the ovulation period resulted in higher percentages of uterine crypts with spermatozoa, and most of these crypts contained 5 or more spermatozoa. Further research should determine whether the number of sperm binding sites expressed on the epithelium of the canine uterine crypts is influenced by the ovulation event. This research was supported by the UGent Special Research Fund, Grant numbers 011 B8698 and 011 B8301.

Reduced uterine tissue damage during Chlamydia muridarum infection in TREM-1,3 deficient mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan E. McQueen ◽  
Avinash Kollipara ◽  
Clare E. Gyorke ◽  
Charles W. Andrews ◽  
Ashley Ezzell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Genital Tract Infection ◽  
Chlamydia Muridarum ◽  
Uterine Glands

Genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis can lead to uterine and oviduct tissue damage in the female reproductive tract. Neutrophils are strongly associated with tissue damage during chlamydial infection, while an adaptive CD4 T cell response is necessary to combat infection. Activation of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) on neutrophils has previously been shown to induce and/or enhance degranulation synergistically with TLR-signaling. Additionally, TREM-1 can promote neutrophil transepithelial migration. In this study, we sought to determine the contribution of TREM-1,3 in immunopathology in the female mouse genital tract during Chlamydia muridarum infection. Relative to control mice, trem1,3 -/- mice had no difference in chlamydial burden or duration of lower genital tract infection. We also observed a similar incidence of oviduct hydrosalpinx 45 days post-infection in trem1,3 -/- compared to WT mice. However, compared to WT, trem1,3 -/- mice developed significantly fewer uterine horn hydrometra. Early in infection, trem1,3 -/- mice displayed a notable decrease in the number of uterine glands containing polymorphonuclear cells and uterine horn lumens had fewer neutrophils, with increased G-CSF. Trem1,3 -/- mice also had reduced erosion of the luminal epithelium. These data indicate TREM-1,3 contributes to transepithelial neutrophil migration in the uterus and uterine glands, promoting the development of uterine hydrometra in infected mice.

First report on in vivo fertility trial of frozen thawed boar semen in India#

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Baishya ◽  
R. K. Biswas ◽  
G. Kadirvel ◽  
B. C. Deka ◽  
Suresh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Live Sperm ◽  
Farrowing Rate ◽  
Size At Birth

The present study was conducted to evaluate the in vivo fertility of frozen thawed boar semen. Twenty ejaculates collected from six mature boars were frozen in a programmable freezer. After freezing the semen was evaluated for different sperm quality parameters. Twenty five sows were inseminated artificially utilizing frozen thawed semen. The percentage of sperm motility, live sperm, live intact acrosome, plasma membrane intact sperm, HOST-reacted sperm, live sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential, lipid peroxidised sperm and DNA-damaged sperm of frozen semen utilised for AI were 56.25 ± 0.96, 63.75 ± 1.47, 59.88 ± 1.09, 41.08 ± 1.01, 40.31 ± 1.02, 86.23 ± 1.29, 9.28 ± 0.83 and 4.20 ± 0.29 respectively. The farrowing rate was 44.00 per cent and the mean litter size at birth was 5.91 ± 0.69. It could be concluded that the freezing and insemination protocol of boar semen used in the present study resulted in moderate fertility of frozen boar semen and it would help in further improvement and utilization of frozen boar semen for AI in India.

scholarly journals Testicle size as indicator of fertility in bulls

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 311-322
Author(s):  
Igor Prka ◽  
Branislava Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Selection For ◽  
One Year

Male calves from the high value parents, bull fathers and bull dams, enter the selection for artificial insemination. After laboratory tests, the calves are taken to the center for artificial insemination, and after a stay in quarantine the are moved to a test station. At the age of twelve months they are measured for assessing the value of each calf exterior. One of the measures recorded was the testicle scope. On the basis of testicle size, it is possible to predict sperm production potential. For the determination of testicle size (testicular biometry), tapes or rulers were used. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible effect of testicle size on sperm production in young bulls used for artificial insemination. For that purpose there were used the data on circumference of testicles of one year old bulls just starting production of sperm, and then compared with certain semen quality parameters such as: volume of ejaculate and concentration and percentage of alive and progressively mobile spermatozoa. The investigation included all young bulls that started production in the period from 2010. to 2012., that is 36 bulls of various breeds (Simmental, Holstein Friesian, Montafon). After the testicle scope measuring in these bulls, there were observed the parameters of the sperm quality during the following one year period. The obtained results showed that the increased testicle size was followed by the increased average ejaculate quantity, in other words: 3.7 ml in group of bulls with testicle circumference below 30 cm, to 6.7 ml in bulls whose testicle circumference was over 40 cm. Also, the results showed that there was a correlation between the increased testicle size and the increased spermatozoa concentration. The values grow to testicle scope of 36 cm, and above that they were still high but with some oscillations. When it came to relation between testicle scope and the percentage of alive and progressively mobile spermatozoa, the trend line showed their positive correlation. The percentage of rejected ejaculates varied from 72% in bulls wit testicle scope below 30 cm to 10% in bulls with testicle scope above 35 cm. On the basis of the results obtained in this work, the conclusion is that testicle size is an indicator of bull fertility; that there is a significant correlation between testicle size and ejaculate volume, and that there is a need to explore a genetic link between testicle size and the fertility of their daughters.

A STUDY OF FERTILIZATION IN THE RABBIT: THE EFFECT OF POST-COITAL LIGATION OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE OR UTERINE HORN

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Fallopian Tubes ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tubouterine Junction ◽  
Artificial Vagina ◽  
Female Genital

SUMMARY A study was made of the effect of ligating the Fallopian tube or uterine horn near the tubouterine junction at specific time intervals after mating (½–6 hr) on fertilization in superovulated rabbits. A total of 140 does were used and altogether 2630 eggs were studied. Observations were made on the does' response to gonadotrophin treatment; the rate of egg development; the occurrence of abnormal eggs; the number of spermatozoa in fertilized eggs; the transfer of fertilized eggs to recipient does and the length of the female genital tract. Rabbit semen was collected by means of an improved type of artificial vagina. The main results following ligation were as follows: when one Fallopian tube was ligated at the time intervals stated in parentheses, the mean proportion of eggs fertilized was 1·6% (1¼ hr), 8·8% (1¾ hr), 12·9% (2 hr), 16·1% (2¼ hr), 29·8% (2½ hr), 59·5% (2¾ hr), 85·9% (3 hr), 38·4% (3¼ hr), 73·7% (3½ hr), 50% (4 hr), 96·4% (5 hr) and 100% (6 hr). Out of a total of 1006 eggs from non-ligated (control) Fallopian tubes, 95·5% were fertilized. Following ligation of one uterine horn 30 min, 1 hr or 2 hr after mating, 9·1, 38·7 and 55·2%, respectively, of the eggs were fertilized. It is concluded that although some spermatozoa may reach the tubo-uterine junction soon after mating, 2–5 hr are required before the number of spermatozoa entering the Fallopian tube is sufficiently high to produce maximum fertilization.

Predictive capacity of sperm quality parameters and sperm subpopulations on field fertility after artificial insemination in sheep

2015 ◽  
Vol 163 ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Santolaria ◽  
S. Vicente-Fiel ◽  
I. Palacín ◽  
E. Fantova ◽  
M.E. Blasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Predictive Capacity

Quality of ram spermatozoa separated with modified swim up method

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Hossain ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
F Naznin ◽  
RN Ferdousi ◽  
FY Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Fluid Medium ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mass Activity ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Artificial Vagina

Semen was collected from four rams, using artificial vagina and viability%, motility% and plasma membrane integrity% were measured. Fresh ejaculates (n = 32) were separated by modified swim-up separation using modified human tubal fluid medium. Four fractions of supernatant were collected at 15-minute intervals. The mean volume, mass activity, concentration, motility%, viability%, normal morphology and membrane integrity% (HOST +ve) of fresh semen were 1.0 ± 0.14, 4.1 ± 0.1 × 109 spermatozoa/ml, 85.0 ± 1.3, 89.4 ± 1.0, 85.5 ± 0.7, 84.7 ± 0.5 respectively. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference in fresh semen quality parameters between rams. The motility%, viability% and HOST +ve % of first, second, third and fourth fractions were 53.4 ± 0.5, 68.2 ± 0.3, 74.8 ± 0.3 and 65.5 ± 0.4; 55.5 ± 0.4, 66.2 ± 0.4, 74.5 ± 0.3 and 73.6 ± 0.3 and 66.7 ± 0.5, 66.8 ± 0.5, 65.2 ± 0.4 and 74.7 ± 0.5 respectively. The motility%, viability% and membrane integrity% of separated semen samples differed significantly (P<0.05) between four fractions. The mean motility% and viability% were significantly higher (P<0.05) in third fraction (74.8 ± 0.3%), whereas the mean HOST +ve% was significantly higher (P<0.05) in fourth fraction (74.7 ± 0.5). All quality parameters of separated spermatozoa were significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of fresh semen. The pregnancy rates were higher with fresh semen (71%) in comparison to that of separated sample (57%).Bangl. vet. 2016. Vol. 33, No. 2, 62-70

Localization of calcium and zinc in the sperm storage tubules of chicken, quail and turkey using X-ray microanalysis

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 331-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Holm ◽  
H Ekwall ◽  
GJ Wishart ◽  
Y Ridderstrale
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sperm Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Intracellular Content ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sperm Storage Tubules ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sperm storage tubules from the utero-vaginal junction of chickens, quails and turkeys were analysed for calcium and zinc using X-ray microanalysis of ultra-rapidly frozen tissue in a scanning electron microscope. This technique enabled the tubular fluid surrounding the stored spermatozoa and the intracellular content of the cells of the sperm storage tubules to be analysed separately and, by using standards with known concentrations, their elemental concentrations were estimated. The mean (+/- SEM) concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid from chickens, quails and turkeys was 17 +/- 3, 19 +/- 3 and 17 +/- 4 mmol kg(-1) wet weight, respectively. The intracellular calcium concentration of the cells of the tubules did not differ significantly from these values and was also similar in the mucosal epithelial cells of the utero-vaginal junction. Zinc was localized in the cells of turkey sperm storage tubules and tubular fluid, but at low concentrations. No zinc could be detected in corresponding structures from chickens and quails. The concentration of calcium in the tubular fluid is within the range known to inhibit the motility of spermatozoa, supporting this function for calcium during storage. Zinc is known to depress turkey sperm metabolism and it may also be involved in inducing quiescence of spermatozoa during storage in this species.

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