ADRENAL CYSTS: HORMONAL CONTENTS AND FUNCTIONAL EVALUATION

1978 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge D. Jacobi ◽  
Andres Carballeira ◽  
Lawrence M. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Passive Diffusion ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Endocrine Dysfunction ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
Total Concentrations

ABSTRACT Cortisol, corticosterone, epinephrine and norepinephrine have been identified for the first time in two adrenal cysts removed from patients without endocrine dysfunction. Total concentrations of corticosteroids and catecholamines in both capsule and fluid of these cysts were higher than in plasma of normal subjects but lower than in human adrenal tissue. The cysts contained preformed cholesterol in concentrations similar to normal adrenal parenchyma. Contrary to adrenal tissue, however, homogenates of cyst components failed to utilize [4-14C] cholesterol for steroid formation. The data presented suggest that hormones in adrenal cysts probably arise by passive diffusion from the surrounding gland and that the endocrine status of patients bearing adrenal cysts is determined by the adjacent non-cystic tissue.

scholarly journals Analysis of free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine in human plasma by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method that avoids nitration artifacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 345 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. FROST ◽  
Barry HALLIWELL ◽  
Kevin P. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
First Time

Measurement of nitrotyrosine in biological fluids and tissues is increasingly being used to monitor the production of reactive nitrogen species in vivo. The detection of nitrotyrosine in vivo has been reported with the use of a variety of methods including immunoassay, HPLC and GLC/MS. The validity of HPLC and immunoassays have been questioned with regard to their selectivity and sensitivity limits. In principle, the measurement of nitrotyrosine by GLC/MS permits a highly specific, highly sensitive and fully quantitative assay. The nitration of tyrosine under acidic conditions in the presence of nitrite is well documented. Derivatization for the full quantification of nitrotyrosine by using GLC/MS can lead to the artifactual nitration of tyrosine if performed under acidic conditions in the presence of nitrite. We describe a novel alkaline method for the hydrolysis and derivatization of nitrotyrosine and tyrosine, and demonstrate its applicability to the measurement of plasma concentrations of both free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine and tyrosine. A detection limit of 1 pg for nitrotyrosine and 100 pg for tyrosine has been achieved. Our method allows, for the first time, the analysis of free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine and tyrosine in biological samples. The plasma concentrations (means±S.E.M.) of free tyrosine and nitrotyrosine in eight normal subjects were 12±0.6 μg/ml and 14±0.7 ng/ml respectively. Plasma proteins contained tyrosine and nitrotyrosine at 60.7±1.7 μg/mg and 2.7±0.4 ng/mg respectively.

Response of adrenal 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase to adrenocorticotropin treatment in thiouracil-fed male mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee A. Meserve ◽  
Shu-Mei Ting
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Elevated Activity ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Old Mice ◽  
Steroid Dehydrogenase

A number of parallels can be drawn between the reported endocrine status of thiouracil-fed young rodents and that of aged animals, particularly with regard to the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis. Since the activity of the adrenal steroidogenic enzyme 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) has been shown to be depressed in aged rats and mice, the present study was done to determine whether exposure of young mice to thiouracil had a similar effect on adrenal 3β-HSD activity. Feeding the goitrogen thiouracil at 0.25% (w/w) of the maternal diet from conception, and keeping it 0.25% of the offsprings diet after weaning, significantly elevated activity of 3β-HSD per gram of adrenal gland above control levels in 4-month-old mice, perhaps to compensate for depressed adrenal mass. Daily subcutaneous injections of physiological saline (0.9%) for 4 days was sufficient to increase 3β-HSD activity per gram of adrenal tissue in euthyroid (P < 0.05) but not in thiouracil-fed mice. Subcutaneous administration of ACTH (2 IU daily for 4 days) significantly increased adrenal 3β-HSD activity to comparable levels in thiouracil-fed and euthyroid animals. Thus, thiouracil enhances the activity of 3β-HSD per gram of adrenal tissue and does not prevent response of enzyme activity to exogenous ACTH.

scholarly journals Descriptive study of 192 adults with speech and language disturbances

2002 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Lessa Mansur ◽  
Márcia Radanovic ◽  
Danielle Rüegg ◽  
Lúcia Iracema Zanotto de Mendonça ◽  
Milberto Scaff
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Speech Pathology ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Language Tests ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Token Test

CONTEXT: Aphasia is a very disabling condition caused by neurological diseases. In Brazil, we have little data on the profile of aphasics treated in rehabilitation centers. OBJECTIVE: To present a descriptive study of 192 patients, providing a reference sample of speech and language disturbances among Brazilians. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Speech Pathology Unit linked to the Neurology Division of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. SAMPLE: All patients (192) referred to our Speech Pathology service from 1995 to 2000. PROCEDURES: We collected data relating to demographic variables, etiology, language evaluation (functional evaluation, Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination, Boston Naming and Token Test), and neuroimaging studies. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The results obtained in language tests and the clinical and neuroimaging data were organized and classified. Seventy aphasics were chosen for constructing a profile. Fourteen subjects with left single-lobe dysfunction were analyzed in detail. Seventeen aphasics were compared with 17 normal subjects, all performing the Token Test. RESULTS: One hundred subjects (52%) were men and 92 (48%) women. Their education varied from 0 to 16 years (average: 6.5; standard deviation: 4.53). We identified the lesion sites in 104 patients: 89% in the left hemisphere and 58% due to stroke. The incidence of aphasia was 70%; dysarthria and apraxia, 6%; functional alterations in communication, 17%; and 7% were normal. Statistically significant differences appeared when comparing the subgroup to controls in the Token Test. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this sample contributes to a better understanding of neurological patients with speech and language disturbances and may be useful as a reference for health professionals involved in the rehabilitation of such disorders.

Electrogoniometer for the Measurement of Human Elbow Joint Rotation

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Y. Chao ◽  
K. N. An ◽  
L. J. Askew ◽  
B. F. Morrey
Keyword(s):  
Elbow Joint ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Joint Rotation ◽  
Present Apparatus ◽  
Elbow Motion

Since the electrogoniometric method has been justified for the measurement of lower extremity joint motion, a similar device is developed for the measurement of elbow joint and forearm rotations. In this design, the axis of forearm rotation coincides with the anatomical axis which eliminates the cross talk existing in the regular triaxial goniometer. Although the axis of abduction-adduction is still offset from the elbow joint, special linkage arrangement was used to obtain equivalent motion. Experimental method was used to validate the accuracy of the device and model simulation was performed to emphasize the importance of accurate placement of the instrument on test subjects. Application of the present apparatus to normal subjects was studied to illustrate the range of elbow motion required in performing normal activities of daily living. This device is currently used in the functional evaluation of patients with elbow and forearm problems.

Temporal Stability of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale for High- and Low-Scoring Normal Subjects

1999 ◽  
Vol 85 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1101-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Aleman ◽  
Mark R. Nieuwenstein ◽  
Koen B. E. Böcker ◽  
Edward H. F. De Haan
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Lower Quartile ◽  
Normal People ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

It has been documented that many normal people report hallucinatory experiences. The Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale is widely used to investigate differences between subjects who score high or low in hallucinatory predisposition. In this study we addressed the question of whether scores remain stable over time. We selected 19 high-scoring subjects and 17 low-scoring subjects (upper and lower quartile) from a group of 243 undergraduate students who completed the scale. These two groups retook the scale after a period of 3 to 6 weeks. 81% received the same classification, which supports the view of hallucinatory predisposition as a stable trait; however, for 30% of the subjects the mean rating at the second time differed more than 3 SDs from the mean rating at the first time. In addition, the mean rating of 19% of subjects changed enough so they did not receive the same classification, indicating that state characteristics may also affect these scores.

scholarly journals Angiotensin (1–12) in Humans With Normal Blood Pressure and Primary Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-890
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Ferrario ◽  
Seethalakshmi R. Iyer ◽  
John C. Burnett ◽  
Sarfaraz Ahmad ◽  
Kendra N. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Women Patients ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Normotensive Subjects ◽  
First Time

The importance of canonical versus noncanonical mechanisms for the generation of angiotensins remains a major challenge that, in part, is heavily swayed by the relative efficacy of therapies designed to inhibit renin, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme), or the Ang II (Angiotensin II) receptor. Ang (1–12) (angiotensin [1-12]) is an Ang II forming substrate serving as a source for Ang II–mediated tissue actions. This study identifies for the first time the presence of Ang (1–12) in the blood of 52 normal (22 women) and 19 (13 women) patients with hypertension not receiving antihypertensive medication at the time of the study. Normal subjects of comparable ages and body habitus had similar circulating plasma Ang (1–12) concentrations (women: 2.02±0.62 [SD] ng/mL; men 2.05±0.55 [SD] ng/mL, P >0.05). The higher values of plasma Ang (1–12) concentrations in hypertensive men (2.51±0.49 ng/mL, n=6) and women (2.33±0.63 [SD] ng/mL, n=13) were statistically significant ( P <0.02) and correlated with elevated plasma renin activity, systolic and pulse pressure, and plasma concentrations of NT-proBNP (N-terminal prohormone BNP). The increased plasma Ang (1–12) in patients with hypertension was not mirrored by similar changes in plasma angiotensinogen and Ang II concentrations. The first identification of an age-independent presence of Ang (1–12) in the blood of normotensive subjects and patients with hypertension, irrespective of sex, implicates this non-renin dependent substrate as a source for Ang II production in the blood and its potential contribution to the hypertensive process.

scholarly journals Fructosamine measurements in the early diagnosis of disordered carbohydrate metabolism

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 17-18
Author(s):  
E. G. Gasparyan ◽  
S. A. Nersesyan ◽  
Ye. L. Volkova ◽  
Z. V. Kryuchkova ◽  
S. Nassur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Empty Stomach ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Fructosamine ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
First Time

Blood serum fructosamine level were measured on an empty stomach in 97 normal subjects and subjects with various disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (the so-called prediabetes and changed glucose tolerance) in order to elucidate the significance of this factor as a marker of such disorders. Fructosamine concentrations were for the first time measured in children whose parents suffered from insulin-dependent or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The content of fructosamine on an empty stomach was found to depend on the degree of carbohydrate metabolism disorders, increasing with the progress of these disorders. The findings permit a conclusion on the possibility of using fructosamine as a marker for the diagnosis of prediabetes in subjects with its levels of 2.5 to 2.99 mmol/1 and of disordered glucose tolerance in those with its levels over 3 mmol/1 and glucose level on an empty stomach no more than 6 mmol/l.

scholarly journals Morphologic Changes in the Peritoneal Membrane of Patients with Renal Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Williams ◽  
Kathrine J. Craig ◽  
Nicholas Topley ◽  
Christopher Von Ruhland ◽  
Maureen Fallon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unit Length ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Luminal Narrowing ◽  
Compact Zone ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Morphologic Changes

ABSTRACT. This study examined the morphologic features of the parietal peritoneal membranes of 130 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and compared them with the features of the peritoneal membranes of normal individuals, uremic predialysis patients, and patients undergoing hemodialysis. The median thickness of the submesothelial compact collagenous zone was 50 μm for normal subjects, 140 μm for uremic patients, 150 μm for patients undergoing hemodialysis, and 270 μm for patients undergoing PD (P < 0.001 for all versus normal subjects). Compact zone thickness increased significantly with the duration of PD therapy [0 to 24 mo, 180 μm (n = 58); 25 to 48 mo, 240 μm (n = 24); 49 to 72 mo, 300 μm (n = 13); 73 to 96 mo, 750 μm (n = 16); >97 mo, 700 μm (n = 19)]. Vascular changes included progressive subendothelial hyalinization, with luminal narrowing or obliteration. These changes were absent in samples from normal subjects but were present in 28% of samples from uremic patients and 56% of biopsies from patients undergoing PD. In the PD group, the prevalence of vasculopathy increased significantly with therapy duration (P = 0.0001). The density of blood vessels per unit length of peritoneum was significantly higher for patients with membrane failure and was correlated with the degree of fibrosis (P = 0.01). For the first time, a comprehensive cross-sectional analysis of the morphologic changes in the peritoneal membranes of patients undergoing PD is provided. The infrequency of fibrosis in the absence of vasculopathy suggests that vasculopathy may predispose patients to the development of fibrosis. This study provides a sufficiently large cohort of samples to allow structure-function relationships to be established, as well as providing a repository of tissue for further studies.

THE ISOLATION OF 6β-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE AND ITS 11-DEHYDRO DERIVATIVE FROM THE ADRENAL GLAND, ADRENAL ADENOMA, AND URINE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1779-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
First Time

Isolation of large amounts of 6β-hydroxycorticosterone from incubates of human hyperplastic and adenomatous adrenal tissue from a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism is described for the first time.(1) Isolation of 11β-hydroxy-Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione from the incubates of the same adenoma is reported.(3) From urines of the above patient and urines of a second case of primary hyperaldosteronism, 6β-hydroxycorticosterone and 6β-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone were isolated.

Rapid Immunoassay for Pregnenolone Sulfate and Its Applications in Endocrinology

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hill ◽  
Helena Havlíková ◽  
Jan Klak ◽  
Marie Bičíková ◽  
Vladimír Pouzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Pregnenolone Sulfate ◽  
Cystic Fluid ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
First Time ◽  
Circulating Levels

The importance of pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) in human physiology has increased in the last decade in connection with its neuroactivating effectviapositive modification ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and negative modulation of GABA receptors. Therefore, a novel rapid radioimmunoassay was developed and evaluated for measurement of PregS in body fluids. Given the differences in concentrations of cross-reacting substances in various biological materials, several modifications of the method were elaborated and used. Circulating levels of PregS were measured in serum of normal subjects. In both sexes, the age dependences exhibited maximum values before 30th year of age. For the first time, circulating levels of the hormone were measured in patients with a mixed anxio-depressive disorder, where they significantly exceeded those in controls. Further, the levels of PregS were evaluated in time profiles of women around parturition and compared with those in umbilical blood at delivery. A significantly decreasing time profile of PregS was found in maternal blood. No correlation between maternal and umbilical blood was found indicating its autonomous production in mother and in fetus. In addition, concentrations of PregS were measured in breast cystic fluid where they exceeded those in circulation more than by two orders of magnitude.

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