Rapid Immunoassay for Pregnenolone Sulfate and Its Applications in Endocrinology

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hill ◽  
Helena Havlíková ◽  
Jan Klak ◽  
Marie Bičíková ◽  
Vladimír Pouzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Pregnenolone Sulfate ◽  
Cystic Fluid ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Umbilical Blood ◽  
First Time ◽  
Circulating Levels

The importance of pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) in human physiology has increased in the last decade in connection with its neuroactivating effectviapositive modification ofN-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and negative modulation of GABA receptors. Therefore, a novel rapid radioimmunoassay was developed and evaluated for measurement of PregS in body fluids. Given the differences in concentrations of cross-reacting substances in various biological materials, several modifications of the method were elaborated and used. Circulating levels of PregS were measured in serum of normal subjects. In both sexes, the age dependences exhibited maximum values before 30th year of age. For the first time, circulating levels of the hormone were measured in patients with a mixed anxio-depressive disorder, where they significantly exceeded those in controls. Further, the levels of PregS were evaluated in time profiles of women around parturition and compared with those in umbilical blood at delivery. A significantly decreasing time profile of PregS was found in maternal blood. No correlation between maternal and umbilical blood was found indicating its autonomous production in mother and in fetus. In addition, concentrations of PregS were measured in breast cystic fluid where they exceeded those in circulation more than by two orders of magnitude.

Usefulness of plasma pregnenolone sulfate in testing pituitary-adrenal function in children

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S259-S263 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. de Peretti ◽  
M.G. Forest ◽  
B. Loras ◽  
Y. Morel ◽  
M. David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adrenal Function ◽  
Pituitary Function ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dynamic Tests ◽  
Pregnenolone Sulfate ◽  
Pituitary Diseases ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression ◽  
Abrupt Rise

SUMMARY In normal subjects, plasma pregnenolone sulfate (PS) levels high at birth, decreased during the first year of life in relation to the pattern of involution of the fetal adrenal zone. Thereafter, PS levels, in contrast with those of DHAS, did not show the abrupt rise characteristic of the adrenarche, but increased very progressively till adulthood. The response of PS to various provocative tests of adrenal and pituitary function (ACTH and Metyrapone stimulation, dexamethasone suppression), has been established in normal subjects. The measurement of plasma PS levels in basal conditions as well as in response to dynamic tests was very useful in the diagnosis of various adrenal and pituitary diseases in children.

scholarly journals Analysis of free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine in human plasma by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method that avoids nitration artifacts

2000 ◽  
Vol 345 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. FROST ◽  
Barry HALLIWELL ◽  
Kevin P. MOORE
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
First Time

Measurement of nitrotyrosine in biological fluids and tissues is increasingly being used to monitor the production of reactive nitrogen species in vivo. The detection of nitrotyrosine in vivo has been reported with the use of a variety of methods including immunoassay, HPLC and GLC/MS. The validity of HPLC and immunoassays have been questioned with regard to their selectivity and sensitivity limits. In principle, the measurement of nitrotyrosine by GLC/MS permits a highly specific, highly sensitive and fully quantitative assay. The nitration of tyrosine under acidic conditions in the presence of nitrite is well documented. Derivatization for the full quantification of nitrotyrosine by using GLC/MS can lead to the artifactual nitration of tyrosine if performed under acidic conditions in the presence of nitrite. We describe a novel alkaline method for the hydrolysis and derivatization of nitrotyrosine and tyrosine, and demonstrate its applicability to the measurement of plasma concentrations of both free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine and tyrosine. A detection limit of 1 pg for nitrotyrosine and 100 pg for tyrosine has been achieved. Our method allows, for the first time, the analysis of free and protein-bound nitrotyrosine and tyrosine in biological samples. The plasma concentrations (means±S.E.M.) of free tyrosine and nitrotyrosine in eight normal subjects were 12±0.6 μg/ml and 14±0.7 ng/ml respectively. Plasma proteins contained tyrosine and nitrotyrosine at 60.7±1.7 μg/mg and 2.7±0.4 ng/mg respectively.

scholarly journals Time Profile of the Neutrino Burst from the Supernova 1987A

1988 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 426-427
Author(s):  
Hideyuki Suzuki ◽  
Katsuhiko Sato
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Time ◽  
The Core ◽  
Supernova 1987A ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
First Time

SN1987A gave us the first opportunity to study the supernova core directly by providing us the neutrino signal from the core. The observational data of the neutrino flux detected by Kamiokande[1] and IMB[2] show surprisingly good agreements with the theoretical predictions as a whole[3,4]. The fundamental concept of the collapse driven supernova explosion is confirmed for the first time. On the other hand, there are some puzzles. The most peculiar feature of the data is the 7 seconds gap of the Kamiokande data. The first 8 events of Kamiokande were detected in 2 seconds, following the 7 seconds gap and the last 3 events in 4 seconds. Of course just only 7 seconds gap is not unnatural if small neutrino flux come. But there were detected 3 events after the gap. These 3 events may not be produced by the weak flux. We can estimate the time integrated luminosity of corresponding to the last 3 events and get the large value such as 7 · 1052erg [5]. Can we get out of this inconsistency, 3 events after the 7 seconds gap? If not, we may need to consider some nonstandard mechanism of the neutrino emission at the late time. In order to investigate the probability of the case in which there is a 7 seconds gap before 3 events, we have performed Monte Carlo simulations for the simple model of neutrino flux.

Circulating levels of osteonectin in normal subjects and patients with thrombocytopenia

1990 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Malaval ◽  
Martine Ffrench ◽  
Pierre D. Delmas
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Circulating Levels

scholarly journals Effect of Interleukin-17 in the Activation of Monocyte Subsets in Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Montserrat Guadalupe Garza-Reyes ◽  
Mónica Daniela Mora-Ruíz ◽  
Luis Chávez-Sánchez ◽  
Alejandra Madrid-Miller ◽  
Alberto Jose Cabrera-Quintero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
St Segment Elevation ◽  
Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
First Time ◽  
Circulating Levels

Interleukin- (IL-) 17 is increased in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and plays a key role in inflammatory diseases through its involvement in the activation of leukocytes. Here, we describe for the first time the effect of IL-17 in the migration and activation of monocyte subsets in patients during ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and post-STEMI. We analyzed the circulating levels of IL-17 in patient plasma. A gradual increase in IL-17 was found in STEMI and post-STEMI patients. Additionally, IL-17 had a powerful effect on the recruitment of CD14++CD16+/CD14+CD16++ monocytes derived from patients post-STEMI compared with the monocytes from patients with STEMI, suggesting that IL-17 recruits monocytes with inflammatory activity post-STEMI. Furthermore, IL-17 increased the expression of TLR4 on CD14+CD16- and CD14++CD16+/CD14+CD16++ monocytes post-STEMI and might enhance the response to danger-associated molecular patterns post-STEMI. Moreover, IL-17 induced secretion of IL-6 from CD14++CD16− and CD14++CD16+/CD14+CD16++ monocytes both in STEMI and in post-STEMI, which indicates that IL-17 has an effect on the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from monocytes during STEMI and post-STEMI. Overall, we demonstrate that in STEMI and post-STEMI, IL-17 is increased and induces the migration and activation of monocyte subsets, possibly contributing to the inflammatory response through TLR4 and IL-6 secretion.

Age, sex, and lactating status regulate ghrelin secretion and GOAT mRNA levels from isolated rat stomach

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (3) ◽  
pp. E341-E350 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Al-Massadi ◽  
A. B. Crujeiras ◽  
R. C. González ◽  
M. Pardo ◽  
C. Diéguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Lower Body Weight ◽  
Homeostasis Regulation ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Circulating Levels

Ghrelin is a stomach derivate peptide involved in energy homeostasis regulation, and ghrelin O-acyltransferase (GOAT) is the enzyme responsible for ghrelin acylation. Puberty is a period characterized by profound changes in the metabolic requirements and notable variations of sexual hormone levels. On the other hand, the weaning process is a fundamental modification of the diet, which implicates several adaptations of the gastrointestinal tract physiology. Until now the direct secretion of ghrelin by the stomach in these conditions, without interferences from other organs, has never been studied. The main objective of this article was to investigate how the stomach modulates ghrelin production and secretion as well as GOAT expression on these periods of life. Gastric ghrelin secretion is regulated through postnatal life in an independent way of gastric expression and circulating levels of this hormone. The present work shows a strong regulation of gastric ghrelin secretion by estrogens. The weaning strongly regulates gastric ghrelin secretion. Animals subjected to delayed weaning present a lower body weight than the corresponding controls. For the first time, it is shown that a noticeable decrease in circulating levels of testosterone and estrogens is associated with delay of weaning. GOAT mRNA levels in the stomach are strongly regulated by age, breastfeeding, and testosterone. In conclusion, the stomach itself regulates ghrelin and GOAT production to adapt the organism to the metabolic requirements demanded through each stage of life.

The radioimmunoassay of placental protein 5 and circulating levels in maternal blood in the third trimester of normal pregnancy

1979 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Obiekwe ◽  
Diana J. Pendlebury ◽  
Y.B. Gordon ◽  
J.G. Grudzinskas ◽  
T. Chard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Placental Protein ◽  
Circulating Levels
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