THE ISOLATION OF 6β-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE AND ITS 11-DEHYDRO DERIVATIVE FROM THE ADRENAL GLAND, ADRENAL ADENOMA, AND URINE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1779-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
First Time

Isolation of large amounts of 6β-hydroxycorticosterone from incubates of human hyperplastic and adenomatous adrenal tissue from a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism is described for the first time.(1) Isolation of 11β-hydroxy-Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione from the incubates of the same adenoma is reported.(3) From urines of the above patient and urines of a second case of primary hyperaldosteronism, 6β-hydroxycorticosterone and 6β-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone were isolated.

THE ISOLATION OF 6β-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE AND ITS 11-DEHYDRO DERIVATIVE FROM THE ADRENAL GLAND, ADRENAL ADENOMA, AND URINE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY HYPERALDOSTERONISM

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1779-1796
Author(s):  
Wojciech Nowaczynski ◽  
Erich Koiw ◽  
Jacques Genest
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
First Time

Isolation of large amounts of 6β-hydroxycorticosterone from incubates of human hyperplastic and adenomatous adrenal tissue from a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism is described for the first time.(1) Isolation of 11β-hydroxy-Δ4-androstene-3,17-dione from the incubates of the same adenoma is reported.(3) From urines of the above patient and urines of a second case of primary hyperaldosteronism, 6β-hydroxycorticosterone and 6β-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone were isolated.

FORMATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN THE ADRENAL ADENOMA AND ADJACENT ADRENAL TISSUE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1955-1959
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MacArthur ◽  
V. J. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Adrenal Tissue

The in vitro steroidogenic capacity of an adrenal adenoma and adjacent adrenal tissue of a patient with primary aldosteronism was studied. The adenoma slices elaborated into the incubation medium 7.07 μg/g tissue of cortisol (78.2%), corticosterone (7.6%), and aldosterone (14.2%), while the slices of adjacent adrenal gland released 19.88 μg/g tissue of cortisol (79.1%), corticosterone (14.9%), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (3.9%), androstenedione (2.1%), and a trace of aldosterone. The steroid content of the adenoma and the adrenal slices after incubation was 4.22 and 3.19 μg/g tissue respectively. From the former, cortisol (51.1%), corticosterone (36.6%), and progesterone (12.4%) were isolated and from the latter cortisol (13.2%), corticosterone (56.1%), progesterone (17.2%), and androstenedione (13.5%). A sample of adrenal vein blood obtained prior to adrenalectomy exhibited a cortisol/corticosterone ratio of 2.45.

FORMATION OF STEROID HORMONES IN THE ADRENAL ADENOMA AND ADJACENT ADRENAL TISSUE OF A PATIENT WITH PRIMARY ALDOSTERONISM

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1955-1959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth MacArthur ◽  
V. J. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Adrenal Tissue

The in vitro steroidogenic capacity of an adrenal adenoma and adjacent adrenal tissue of a patient with primary aldosteronism was studied. The adenoma slices elaborated into the incubation medium 7.07 μg/g tissue of cortisol (78.2%), corticosterone (7.6%), and aldosterone (14.2%), while the slices of adjacent adrenal gland released 19.88 μg/g tissue of cortisol (79.1%), corticosterone (14.9%), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (3.9%), androstenedione (2.1%), and a trace of aldosterone. The steroid content of the adenoma and the adrenal slices after incubation was 4.22 and 3.19 μg/g tissue respectively. From the former, cortisol (51.1%), corticosterone (36.6%), and progesterone (12.4%) were isolated and from the latter cortisol (13.2%), corticosterone (56.1%), progesterone (17.2%), and androstenedione (13.5%). A sample of adrenal vein blood obtained prior to adrenalectomy exhibited a cortisol/corticosterone ratio of 2.45.

scholarly journals Interleukin-8 Synthesis, Regulation, and Steroidogenic Role in H295R Human Adrenocortical Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 891-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian G. Romero ◽  
Gaston R. Vergara ◽  
Zheng Zhu ◽  
Gina S. Covington ◽  
Maria W. Plonczynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Cell Culture Supernatant ◽  
Adrenocortical Cells ◽  
Adrenal Cells ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
H295r Cells ◽  
First Time

The adrenal gland secretes several cytokines, and cytokines modulate steroid secretion by this gland. In this study, a survey of cytokine production by H295R human adrenocortical cells demonstrated that these cells secreted IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, and TNFα but not IL-5, IL-12, or interferon-γ. IL-8 was the IL secreted at higher concentration. IL-8 secretion, its regulation, and role in steroidogenesis were further studied. Secreted ILs and steroids were measured by ELISA in cell culture supernatant. IL-8 mRNA was quantified by real-time RT-PCR. H295R cells and human adrenal gland expressed IL-8 mRNA. Angiotensin II, potassium, endothelin-1, IL-1α, IL-1β, TNFα, and Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide dose-dependently increase IL-8 secretion by H295R cells after 24 h incubation. IL-6 had no effect on IL-8 secretion. Angiotensin II time-dependently increased IL-8 secretion by H295R cells up to 48 h. Angiotensin II caused a biphasic increase in IL-8 mRNA expression with a peak 6 h after stimulation. TNFα synergized angiotensin II, potassium, and IL-1α-mediated IL-8 secretion. IL-8 did not modify aldosterone or cortisol secretion by H295R cells under basal or stimulated (angiotensin II or potassium) conditions. In conclusion, it is demonstrated for the first time that human adrenal cells expressed and secreted IL-8 under the regulation of angiotensin II, potassium, endothelin-1, and immune peptides. Adrenal-secreted IL-8 is one point of convergence between the adrenal gland and the immune system and may have relevance in physiological and pathophysiological conditions associated with increased levels of aldosterone secretagogues and the immune system.

ACCLIMATIZATION TO COLD: OBSERVATIONS ON THE MECHANISM OF THE REDUCED IMMEDIATE ADRENAL RESPONSE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 671-677
Author(s):  
Doris Nicholls ◽  
Rosemary Molloy ◽  
Kathleen Stavraky ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Adrenal Response

The incorporation of inorganic phosphorus labelled with P32 into the inorganic phosphorus of the adrenal gland was measured in rats acclimatized to cold for 4 weeks. Previously it was reported that the immediate pituitary–adrenal response to brief cold exposure (2 hours at −5 °C), as judged by the increased P32 incorporation is considerably decreased in rats that have been acclimatized. Some observations are now reported on the mechanism of this reduced immediate response.The administration of ACTH, pitressin, or adrenaline caused similar increases in the adrenal phosphorus metabolism in acclimatized and non-acclimatized control rats. Acclimatization could still be demonstrated in rats after the fur had been removed by clipping.From these results it is concluded that the decreased immediate pituitary–adrenal response to an exposure to more severe cold, observed in acclimatized rats, is not the result of an increased fur thickness, nor is it the result of a decreased sensitivity of the adrenal tissue to ACTH, or to a decreased sensitivity of the pituitary or hypothalamus to a given stimulus. It is suggested that the reduction in the immediate pituitary–adrenal response to a more severe cold stress in acclimatized rats might be due to an alteration in the sensitivity of the peripheral nerve receptors, or in the mechanism, nervous or otherwise, whereby the pituitary is stimulated.

scholarly journals Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Tumor of the Adrenal Gland: A Case Report and Review of Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Head Neck

Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia (IPEH) or Masson’s Tumor is a benign vascular tumor, most commonly seen on the skin and usually on the head, neck or extremities. It is more common in women with no age predilection. Visceral involvement is very rare, with about 30 intra-abdominal reports. We present a case report of a 58 year old woman who underwent a CT scan due to dysphagia complaints, with an incidental known finding of growth in the adrenal adenoma, which was 5 cm in diameter on hospitalization. The patient underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Biopsy results demonstrated a brownish yellow lesion, 2.8 cm in diameter, composed of a blood clot and septate. Immunochemical staining for CD31 and CD34 was positive and the lesion was diagnosed as an IPEH of pure form. Our review of literature examines different forms of IPEH, previous reports and characteristics of Masson’s tumors in the adrenal gland and stratifies ways of differentiation it from other benign or malignant lesions of the adrenal.

scholarly journals SAT-199 Diagnostic Dilemma: An Adrenal Incidentaloma in a Young Adult

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Sharma ◽  
Steven N Levine ◽  
Xin Gu
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Mass ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Phase Imaging ◽  
African American Female ◽  
Hounsfield Units ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Ki 67

Abstract Introduction: In an adult endocrine clinic, the majority of patients referred for evaluation of an adrenal incidentaloma are older than 30 years of age. It is important to be reminded that a patient may be diagnosed with an adrenal mass at any age but the etiology may vary depending on the age at presentation. Clinical case: An 18 year-old African American female with no significant past medical problems presented with a 2 month history of flank and abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. An abdominal CT scan and a dedicated adrenal CT showed a right adrenal mass measuring 2.2 x 2.6 cm. The noncontrast Hounsfield units were 23, enhanced Hounsfield units 210, and delayed Hounsfield units 72. The calculated washout was 44%, not consistent with an adrenal adenoma. An MRI of the abdomen showed a 2.5 cm right adrenal nodule. The lesion did not demonstrate significant loss of signal between in and out of phase imaging, therefore the characteristics were not consistent with a lipid rich adenoma. Laboratory tests included an ACTH of 31 pg/mL (6-48 pg/mL), cortisol 8.7 ug/mL at 10:57 am (7-9 am 5.27-22.45 ug/mL), aldosterone 10.1 ng/dL (6-48 ng/dL), renin 2.2 ng/mL/hr (upright 0.5-4.0 ng/mL/hr), DHEA-sulfate 129 ug/dL (44-248 ug/dL), plasma free metanephrine 0.10 nmol/L (0.00-0.49 nmol/L), and plasma free normetaneprhine 0.41 nmol/L (0.00-0.89 nmol/L). The 24-hour urine norepinephrine, epinephrine, and metanephrine were all normal, however the 24-hour urine dopamine was elevated, 824 ug/24 hrs (52-480 ug/24 hrs). Subsequently, plasma dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were all within the reference range. The patient had a robotic-assisted right adrenalectomy removing a 5.7 x 3.5 x 1.7 cm gland, weighing 16.3 grams. The pathology demonstrated a ganglioneuroma within the right adrenal gland measuring 2.2 x 2.0 x 2.7 cm, negative for neuroblastoma or blastic components. Focal hemorrhage was noted, there was no tumor necrosis, and no mitotic figures were present. The tumor appeared to be encapsulated in the adrenal gland and the Ki-67 stain was negative in ganglioneuroma cells. Conclusion: Adrenal adenomas that appear as incidentalomas in young adulthood are extremely rare. Evaluating younger versus older adults found to harbor an adrenal “incidentaloma“ requires a unique approach for each age group, as the differential diagnosis varies widely. In our patient, the imaging was extremely concerning and diagnostic considerations included neuroblastoma, adrenocortical malignancy, pheochromocytoma, or ganglioneuroma. Adrenal ganglioneuromas are most frequently diagnosed in fourth and fifth decades of life. In younger adults ganglioneuromas are usually found in the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum. For our patient, surgical resection of the adrenal mass confirmed the pathologic diagnosis and provided definitive cure.

Adrenocortical metabolism of angiotensin in sheep with adrenal transplants.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (5) ◽  
pp. E525
Author(s):  
S Lun ◽  
E A Espiner ◽  
D S Hart
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Venous Plasma

Conscious trained sheep with adrenal gland autotransplants in cervical skin loops were used to study adrenocortical metabolism and clearance of angiotensin (AII) administered by constant systemic infusion. For comparative purposes similar experiments were undertaken in five control sheep with skin loops but no cervical adrenal tissue. During AII infusions (0.33 microgram/min for 30 min), loop venous-arterial AII ratios (0.42--0.62 were similar in both groups of sheep. Measured AII clearances across the skin loop in sheep with and without adrenal transplants were 400--600 and 100--150 pg/min, respectively, which correlated with blood flow (r = 0.79), but showed no relation to aldosterone secretion rate. Analysis of AII immunoreactive fragments showed similar proportions of octa-, hepta-, and hexapeptide fractions (64, 26, and 5%, respectively) in adrenal arterial, adrenal venous, and systemic venous plasma. These studies do not support selective heptapeptide uptake or metabolism by adrenal tissue in vivo and indicate that specific adrenal binding of AII is likely to be less than 400 pg/min at arterial AII concentrations approximating 120 pg/ml.

CT of Primary Hyperaldosteronism (Conn's Syndrome):The Value of Measuring the Adrenal Gland

2003 ◽  
Vol 181 (3) ◽  
pp. 843-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Lingam ◽  
S. A. Sohaib ◽  
I. Vlahos ◽  
A. G. Rockall ◽  
A. M. Isidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Conn’S Syndrome

Primary hyperparathyroidism associated with primary hyperaldosteronism

1983 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Ferriss ◽  
J. J. Brown ◽  
A. M. M. Cumming ◽  
R. Fraser ◽  
A. F. Lever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Plasma Potassium ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Primary Hyperaldosteronism ◽  
Prolonged Treatment

Abstract. Two patients with both primary hyperparathyroidism and primary hyperaldosteronism are described. Each presented with high blood pressure and a history of renal calculi. Mild hypercalcaemia was associated with raised plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations and a parathyroid adenoma was excised from each. Both patients also had hypokalaemia, hyperaldosteronism and low plasma renin concentrations. Quadric analysis, adrenal vein plasma aldosterone concentrations, adrenal venography and CT scanning all suggested an adrenal adenoma in each patient. This suspicion was confirmed at operation in one patient; the other patient is unfit for adrenal surgery but her blood pressure and plasma potassium concentration have remained within the normal range during prolonged treatment with either spironolactone or amiloride. Because of this unusual association a search was made for parathyroid hormone excess in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism and for aldosterone excess in primary hyperparathyroidism. None was found.

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