PLASMA TESTOSTERONE AND URINARY STEROIDS IN JAPANESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kurachi ◽  
M. Miyazaki ◽  
S. Mizutani ◽  
K. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
The One ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Urinary metabolites of cortisol, 11-oxy-17-ketosteroids, 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids and oestrogens were measured in 8 normal Japanese women and 21 Japanese patients with polycystic ovaries, both before and after dexamethasone administration or ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin under adrenal suppression. Plasma testosterone was estimated in 12 normal women and also in 9 of the patients. It has been suggested that polycystic ovaries secrete significantly larger quantities of androgens than normal ovaries, even though very few Japanese women with polycystic ovaries show any signs of hirsutism. Although the patients had higher mean plasma testosterone value (58 ± 35 (sd) ng/100 ml) than the normal controls (30 ± 15 (sd) ng/100 ml), only 2 of the 9 patients had plasma testosterone values higher than the normal range. Of the 9 patients, hirsutism was found in the one who showed the highest value (141 ng/100). No evidence of the failure of oestrogen formation from androgens was obtained in Japanese women with polycystic ovaries.

RESPONSES OF SERUM GONADOTROPHINS TO LH-RELEASING HORMONE AND OESTROGENS IN JAPANESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIES

1977 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Aono ◽  
Masatoshi Miyazaki ◽  
Akira Miyake ◽  
Takayuki Kinugasa ◽  
Keiichi Kurachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Lh Releasing Hormone ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT In order to define the abnormality in gonadotrophin secretion in Japanese women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) who rarely show virilization and markedly enlarged ovaries, basal levels of LH and FSH, and responses of serum gonadotrophins to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) or oestrogens were determined by radioimmunoassay. Eleven patients with PCO diagnosed by laparotomy or laparoscopy and 30 normal women in the follicular phase were studied. The mean (± sd) basal level of LH was significantly higher in patients with PCO than in normal controls (PCO 28.6 ± 2.4 vs. normal 10.9 ± 3.0 mIU/ml), while the mean FSH level in PCO patients was not significantly different from that in the normal controls (9.7 ± 0.7 vs. 11.4 ± 2.6 mIU/ml). The mean LH/FSH ratio in PCO patients was significantly higher than that in normal controls (3.2 ± 0.9 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3). Exaggerated response of LH to LH-RH was observed in PCO patients, while the FSH response was comparable with the normal controls. Ten out of 11 patients with PCO showed LH release exceeding the basal level after bolus iv injection of 20 mg conjugated oestrogens (Premarin®), and virtually the same mean net increase in LH from the basal level was obtained in both PCO patients and normal controls. Since the abnormalities in gonadotrophin secretion in Japanese women with PCO are not different from those reported in patients with PCO in Europe and USA, it seems likely that lower incidence of markedly enlarged ovaries and virilization in Japanese patients may be caused by the difference in ovarian response to gonadotrophin.

PLASMA ANDROGENS IN WOMEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dignam ◽  
R. J. Pion ◽  
E. J. Lamb ◽  
H. H. Simmer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
List Type ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Women

ABSTRACT Plasma levels of conjugated DHEA, conjugated androsterone (modified method of Migeon & Plager) and testosterone (method of Finkelstein et al.) were determined in a group of 20 patients with polycystic ovaries and hirsutism or virilism, before and after intravenous HCG stimulation and ACTH-suppression with dexamethasone. Mean values for testosterone, conjugated DHEA and androsterone were.34 ±.24 μg/100 ml, 50.9 ± 28.3 μg/100 ml and 31.4 ± 19.4 μg/100 ml respectively, all significantly higher than levels found in normal women. In all, but 3 cases, testosterone values were above the 2-sigma range of normal women in contrast to the frequent overlapping observed for conjugated DHEA and androsterone. HCG stimulation led to a significant rise in the mean value of testosterone (.61 ±.22 μg/100 ml) but little change was seen in those of the conjugates. While dexamethasone caused a marked decrease of testosterone in only 2 patients, it led to a pronounced fall in DHEA values and a lesser but significant drop in androsterone concentrations in most patients. In patients with a unilateral polycystic or with bilateral polycystic ovaries but without hirsutism or virilism similar values were noted. Two patients with arrhenoblastomas, 4 patients with adrenal disorders and 13 patients with hirsutism of unknown origin were studied and their findings presented. All patients with hirsutism or virilism had a higher mean value of testosterone than did normal women. The testosterone levels did not parallel the severity, although a correlation did seem to exist in the mildly and moderately hirsute patients. Plasma androgen determinations in general and plasma testosterone studies, in particular, while helpful in elucidating the clinical manifestations of masculinization do not allow the investigator to differentiate an adrenal from an ovarian source. Adjunctive studies, utilizing HCG and dexamethasone, are helpful, but not conclusive.

Gut Microbiota and Urine Metabonomics Alterations in Constitution after Chinese Medicine and Lifestyle Intervention

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Yuan Jing ◽  
Shuangshuang Han ◽  
Jieyu Chen ◽  
Yigui Lai ◽  
Jingru Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution (TCMC) divides human beings into balanced (ping-he) constitution (PH) and unbalanced constitution. Yang-deficiency (yang-xu) constitution (YAX) is one of the most common unbalanced constitutions in Chinese general population, and it causes susceptibility to particular diseases. However, unbalanced constitutions can be regulated by Chinese medicine and lifestyle intervention in clinical practice. Gui-fu-di-huang-wan (GFDHW) is a well-known Chinese medicine with yang-invigorating activity and is regarded as improving YAX. In this study, 60 healthy YAX students selected from a prospective population of 5185 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial and completed the study. We compared the gut microbiota and urinary metabolome between individuals with PH and those with YAX before and after one-month-intervention. Compared with the control group, the health status of the intervention group improved significantly, the YAX symptom score was reduced, and the efficacy remained high at the one-year follow-up. The gut microbiota of the healthy PH exhibited greater diversity, and significantly higher species were identified.[Formula: see text]Compared to PH group, YAX individuals showed increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides,also had higher levels of gut microbial-derived urinary metabolites. After one-month-intervention, both GFDHW treatment and lifestyle intervention enriched the diversity and modulated the structure in YAX. The intervention group also partially restored the microbiome and metabolome to healthy PH-like levels. Further, a microbiota co-occurrence network analysis showed that the metabolites enriched in YAX were correlated with microbial community structure. Taken together, our results suggest that Chinese medicine combined with lifestyle intervention benefits YAX individuals. Gut microbiota/metabolite crosstalk might be involved in the Chinese medicine-mediated effects.

THE IN VIVO CONVERSION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE TO TESTOSTERONE IN THE HUMAN

1962 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virendra B. Mahesh ◽  
Robert B. Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women

ABSTRACT Plasma testosterone levels were measured by the method of Finkelstein et al. (1961) before and after oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone and Δ4-androstenedione in normal women. The results suggest in vivo conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone and Δ4-androstenedione to testosterone. The implications of these findings are discussed.

ADRENAL AND OVARIAN TESTS IN FEMALE HIRSUTISM

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reforzo-Membrives ◽  
D. Z. Rocca ◽  
C. L. Enriori ◽  
S. C. Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

ABSTRACT The role of the adrenal cortex and the ovary in hirsutism was studied by estimating the urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids before and after suppression with dexamethasone, and following the administration of HCG to patients while still on dexamethasone treatment. Studies were performed in 11 non hirsute normally menstruating women, 16 women with hirsutism and polycystic ovaries (PO), as demonstrated by gynaecography, and 56 women with hirsutism (H). Before adrenal suppression the 17-ketosteroids were higher in women with PO and H. After dexamethasone administration, the 17-ketosteroids decreased to more uniform levels similar to those found in normal women. Following stimulation with HCG, the 17-ketosteroids were higher in the former two groups than in normal subjects. In normal women there was no correlation between the values before and after dexamethasone while in women with PO and H a positive correlation was found. The differences between values before and after dexamethasone increased proportionately to the values found before dexamethasone administration; this correlation was more evident in the PO and H groups. The correlation of values after dexamethasone and after HCG administration was statistically significant in patients with PO and H, but not in normal women. No differences were found between women with PO and H. These results suggest that there is an increased production by the adrenal cortex and the ovary of androgenic steroids in women with PO and H with no fixed ratio between the contribution of each organ.

scholarly journals Lost in Migration – Mirandese at a Crossroads

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 488-495
Author(s):  
Cláudia Martins ◽  
Sérgio Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Minority Language ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Linguistic Rights ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

AbstractThe linguistic rights of Mirandese were enshrined in Portugal in 1999, though its “discovery” dates back to the very end of the 19th century at the hands of Leite de Vasconcellos. For centuries, it was the first or only language spoken by people living in the northeast of Portugal, particularly the district of Miranda do Douro. As a minority language, it has always moved among three dimensions. On the one hand, the need to assert and defend this language and have it acknowledged by the country, which proudly believe(d) in their monolingual history. Unavoidably, this has ensued the action of translation, especially active from the mid of the 20th century onwards, with an emphasis on the translation of the Bible and Portuguese canonical literature, as well as other renowned literary forms (e.g. The Adventures of Asterix). Finally, the third axis lies in migration, either within Portugal or abroad. Between the 1950s and the 1960s, Mirandese people were forced to leave Miranda do Douro and villages in the outskirts in the thousands. They fled not only due to the deeply entrenched poverty, but also the almost complete absence of future prospects, enhanced by the fact that they were regarded as not speaking “good” Portuguese, but rather a “charra” language, and as ignorant backward people. This period coincided with the building of dams on the river Douro and the cultural and linguistic shock that stemmed from this forceful contact, which exacerbated their sense of not belonging and of social shame. Bearing all this in mind, we seek to approach the role that migration played not only in the assertion of Mirandese as a language in its own right, but also in the empowerment of new generations of Mirandese people, highly qualified and politically engaged in the defence of this minority language, some of whom were former migrants. Thus, we aim to depict Mirandese’s political situation before and after the endorsement of the Portuguese Law no. 7/99.

scholarly journals Real-World Experience of the One-Year Efficacy of Rifaximin Add-On to Lactulose Is Superior to Lactulose Alone in Patients with Cirrhosis Complicated with Recurrent Hepatic Encephalopathy in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Ching Chang ◽  
Chien-Hao Huang ◽  
Hsiao-Jung Tseng ◽  
Fang-Chen Yang ◽  
Rong-Nan Chien
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Real World ◽  
Ammonia Level ◽  
Decompensated Cirrhosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Serum Ammonia

Background: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a neuropsychiatric complication of decompensated cirrhosis, is associated with high mortality and high risk of recurrence. Rifaximin add-on to lactulose for 3 to 6 months is recommended for the prevention of recurrent episodes of HE after the second episode. However, whether the combination for more than 6 months is superior to lactulose alone in the maintenance of HE remission is less evident. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the one-year efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose for the maintenance of HE remission in Taiwan. Methods: We conducted a real-world single-center retrospective cohort study to compare the long-term efficacy of rifaximin add-on to lactulose (group R + L) versus lactulose alone (group L, control group). Furthermore, the treatment efficacy before and after rifaximin add-on to lactulose was also analyzed. The primary endpoint of our study was time to first HE recurrence (Conn score ≥ 2). All patients were followed up every three months until death, and censored at one year if still alive. Results and Conclusions: 12 patients were enrolled in group R + L. Another 31 patients were stratified into group L. Sex, comorbidity, ammonia level, and ascites grade were matched while age, HE grade, and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score were adjusted in the multivariable logistic regression model. Compared with group L, significant improvement in the maintenance of HE remission and decreased episodes and days of HE-related hospitalizations were demonstrated in group R + L. The serum ammonia levels were significantly lower at the 3rd and 6th month in group 1. Concerning changes before and after rifaximin add-on in group R + L, mini-mental status examination (MMSE), episodes of hospitalization, and variceal bleeding also improved at 6 and 12 months. Days of hospitalization, serum ammonia levels also improved at 6th month. Except for concern over price, no patients discontinued rifaximin due to adverse events or complications. The above results provide evidence for the one-year use of rifaximin add-on to lactulose in reducing HE recurrence and HE-related hospitalization for patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

scholarly journals On the measurement of the ratio of the specific heats using small volumes of gas.—The ratios of the specific heat of air and of hydrogen at atmospheric pressure and a temperatures between 20°C. and —183°C

1925 ◽  
Vol 107 (743) ◽  
pp. 510-543 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Error ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Expansion Chamber ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One ◽  
Chamber Capacity

Introduction .—In nearly all the previous determinations of the ratio of the specific heats of gases, from measurements of the pressures and temperature before and after an adiabatic expansion, large expansion chambers of fror 50 to 130 litres capacity have been used. Professor Callendar first suggests the use of smaller vessels, and in 1914, Mercer (‘Proc. Phys. Soc.,’ vol. 26 p. 155) made some measurements with several gases, but at room temperature only, using volumes of about 300 and 2000 c. c. respectively. He obtained values which indicated that small vessels could be used, and that, with proper corrections, a considerable degree of accuracy might be obtained. The one other experimenter who has used a small expansion chamber, capacity about 1 litre, is M. C. Shields (‘Phys. Rev.,’ 1917), who measured this ratio for air and for hydrogen at room temperature, about 18° C., and its value for hydroger at — 190° C. The chief advantage gained by the use of large expansion chambers is that no correction, or at the most, a very small one, has to be made for any systematic error due to the size of the containing vessels, but it is clear that, in the determinations of the ratio of the specific heats of gases at low temperatures, the use of small vessels becomes a practical necessity in order that uniform and steady temperature conditions may be obtained. Owing, however, to the presence of a systematic error depending upon the dimensions of the expansion chamber, the magnitude of which had not been definitely settled by experiment, the following work was undertaken with the object of investigating the method more fully, especially with regard to it? applicability to the determination of this ratio at low temperatures.

Doing politics by other means: Abdelmalek Sayad and the political sociology of a collective intellectual

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1014
Author(s):  
Amín Pérez
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Political Action ◽  
The Political ◽  
Host Society ◽  
Intellectual Work ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The One

This article proposes a new understanding of the constraints and opportunities that lead intellectuals engaged in different political and social fields to create alternative modes of resistance to domination. The study of the Algerian sociologist Abdelmalek Sayad offers insights into the social conditions of this mode of committed scholarship. On the one hand, this article applies Sayad’s theory of immigration to his transnational intellectual engagements. It establishes how immigrants’ intellectual work are conditioned by their trajectories, both before and after leaving their country, and by the stages of emigration (from playing a role in the society of origin to becoming caught up in the reality of the host society). On the other hand, the article illuminates the constraints and the spaces of possible action intellectuals face while moving across national universes and disparate political and academic fields. Sayad’s marginal position within the academy constrained him to work for the French and Algerian governments and international organizations while he was simultaneously engaged with political dissidents, unionists, writers, and social movements. In tracking Sayad’s roles as an academic, expert and public sociologist, the article uncovers the conditions that grounded improbable alliances between those fields and produced new forms of critique and political action. The article concludes by drawing out some reflections that ‘collective intellectual’ engagements elicit to the sociology of intellectuals.

SERIAL ESTIMATION OF PLASMA RENIN CONCENTRATION DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER PARTURITION

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. BROWN ◽  
D. L. DAVIES ◽  
P. B. DOAK ◽  
A. F. LEVER ◽  
J. I. S. ROBERTSON
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Plasma Renin Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Made In

SUMMARY Plasma renin concentration has been measured in normal women at intervals throughout pregnancy. Further measurements have been made in the days and hours before and after delivery of the foetus and placenta. Plasma renin was consistently raised in the majority of pregnant women and did not change markedly until 24 hr. or more after delivery. The significance of these findings is discussed.

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