ADRENAL AND OVARIAN TESTS IN FEMALE HIRSUTISM

1967 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Reforzo-Membrives ◽  
D. Z. Rocca ◽  
C. L. Enriori ◽  
S. C. Mazza
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Menstruating Women ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

ABSTRACT The role of the adrenal cortex and the ovary in hirsutism was studied by estimating the urinary neutral 17-ketosteroids before and after suppression with dexamethasone, and following the administration of HCG to patients while still on dexamethasone treatment. Studies were performed in 11 non hirsute normally menstruating women, 16 women with hirsutism and polycystic ovaries (PO), as demonstrated by gynaecography, and 56 women with hirsutism (H). Before adrenal suppression the 17-ketosteroids were higher in women with PO and H. After dexamethasone administration, the 17-ketosteroids decreased to more uniform levels similar to those found in normal women. Following stimulation with HCG, the 17-ketosteroids were higher in the former two groups than in normal subjects. In normal women there was no correlation between the values before and after dexamethasone while in women with PO and H a positive correlation was found. The differences between values before and after dexamethasone increased proportionately to the values found before dexamethasone administration; this correlation was more evident in the PO and H groups. The correlation of values after dexamethasone and after HCG administration was statistically significant in patients with PO and H, but not in normal women. No differences were found between women with PO and H. These results suggest that there is an increased production by the adrenal cortex and the ovary of androgenic steroids in women with PO and H with no fixed ratio between the contribution of each organ.

PLASMA TESTOSTERONE AND URINARY STEROIDS IN JAPANESE WOMEN WITH POLYCYSTIC OVARIES

1971 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kurachi ◽  
M. Miyazaki ◽  
S. Mizutani ◽  
K. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Metabolites ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Polycystic Ovaries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
The One ◽  
Normal Controls

ABSTRACT Urinary metabolites of cortisol, 11-oxy-17-ketosteroids, 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroids and oestrogens were measured in 8 normal Japanese women and 21 Japanese patients with polycystic ovaries, both before and after dexamethasone administration or ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin under adrenal suppression. Plasma testosterone was estimated in 12 normal women and also in 9 of the patients. It has been suggested that polycystic ovaries secrete significantly larger quantities of androgens than normal ovaries, even though very few Japanese women with polycystic ovaries show any signs of hirsutism. Although the patients had higher mean plasma testosterone value (58 ± 35 (sd) ng/100 ml) than the normal controls (30 ± 15 (sd) ng/100 ml), only 2 of the 9 patients had plasma testosterone values higher than the normal range. Of the 9 patients, hirsutism was found in the one who showed the highest value (141 ng/100). No evidence of the failure of oestrogen formation from androgens was obtained in Japanese women with polycystic ovaries.

Role of prolactin in age-related change in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Yamaji ◽  
Miyuki Ishibashi ◽  
Fumimaro Takaku ◽  
Akira Teramoto ◽  
Kintomo Takakura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulphate ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Normal Women

Abstract. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations were measured in 70 patients with prolactinoma and in 54 patients with acromegaly with normal adrenocortical function. Compared with values in normal subjects of corresponding age, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels were increased in 22 patients with prolactinoma (31%) and in 5 patients with acromegaly (9%). The four acromegalic patients who had elevated serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels had hyperprolactinemia. The mean serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations in patients with prolactinoma in each decade decreased with advancing age. There was a significant negative correlation between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations and ages of the patients with prolactinoma. In all 8 women with prolactinoma as in 6 normal women, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels declined definitely during the 9 years of follow-up despite persistent hyperprolactinemia. These results indicate that serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels are increased in a substantial number of patients with hyperprolactinemia, however, PRL per se may not play a significant role in the age-related change in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels.

Cholinergic modulation of GH secretion in acromegalic patients before and after pituitary surgery

1992 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon Fiszlejder ◽  
Olga Penacini ◽  
Susana Ratz ◽  
Adriana Oneto ◽  
Maria Storani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Pituitary Surgery ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Transsphenoidal Adenomectomy ◽  
Ghrh Test

Cholinergic neurotransmission exerts a physiological control on GH secretion. Pirenzepine (Pz), an antagonist of muscarinic receptors, by enhancing hypothalamic somatostatin release, inhibits stimulated GH secretion in normal subjects but not in acromegalic patients. To address the hypothesis that a feedback effect of GH hypersecretion can be involved in this condition, GH responses to GHRH 1–29, 1 μg/kg iv, with and without administration of Pz, 40mg iv before tests, were investigated in eight acromegalic patients, before and 20–30 days after transsphenoidal adenomectomy. Pz diminished (p<0.001) the incremental area under the curve (AUC) of GH responses to GHRH in seven normal controls. In contrast, GHRH responsiveness in untreated acromegalic patients was not affected by Pz. Postoperative basal GH levels decreased by 62.4±14.9% (p<0.01). Pz inhibited GH responses to GHRH (p<0.01). Furthermore, a direct relationship (r = 0.73, p<0.01) between basal concentrations and the AUC of GH responses following Pz plus GHRH-test was found. The finding that muscarinic receptor activity recovered after the reduction of serum GH basal levels by pituitary surgery lends support to the proposed pathophysiological role of GH excess as a possible determinant factor in cholinergicsomatostatinergic dysfunction in acromegaly.

On the role of dopamine receptors in the central regulation of human TSH

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Delitala ◽  
L. Devilla ◽  
A. Canessa ◽  
F. D'Asta
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine Receptors ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Substituted Benzamides

Abstract. The effects of acute administration of haloperidol (4 mg im) and pimozide (4 mg orally) on TSH and Prl secretion were studied in normal and hypothyroid man. The TRH-induced TSH secretion before and after pre-medication with pimozide and domperidone, a peripheral dopamine (DA) blocker, was also evaluated in a group of normal subjects. Haloperidol and pimozide induced a marked increment in serum Prl; mean Prl levels were still significantly elevated 12 h following pimozide administration. A small but significant TSH increase was observed following haloperidol and pimozide in normal as well as hypothyroid subjects. Both domperidone and pimozide significantly enhanced TRH-induced TSH release. In another experiment 3 women with primary thyroid failure received an infusion of DA (4 (μg/kg/min for 4 h) with and without domperidone administration. TSH and Prl levels were suppressed by DA, but the effect was completely abolished by domperidone. The results suggest that psychotrophic drugs, such as haloperidol and pimozide, can, like substituted benzamides, stimulate TSH release in man. Since domperidone and DA do not cross the blood-brain-barrier and domperidone significantly enhanced the TSH response to TRH, the data also support the hypothesis that human TSH is regulated by DA at the hypothalamus (median eminence) and/or pituitary level.

Lowering of serum T3 and rise in reverse T3 induced by glucagon infusion in anaesthetized dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udaya M. Kabadi ◽  
Lester Dragstedt
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Reverse T3 ◽  
Significant Fall ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
Saline Administration ◽  
Glucagon Injection ◽  
Control Study

Abstract. We recently demonstrated that lowering of T3 and a rise in rT3 observed in non-thyroidal illnesses could be induced by glucagon infusion in normal subjects without altering T4, Free T4 (FT4) and T3 resin uptake (T3RU) values suggesting that altered T4 metabolism may be mainly responsible for those changes. To further assess the role of altered T4 metabolism in these changes during induction of hyperglucagonaemia, we studied glucose, T4, FT4, T3RU, T3, and rT3 concentrations before and after iv glucagon injection (0.5 mg) for up to 3 h in 6 anaesthetized dogs, since thyroxinebinding globulin (TBG) concentration is known to be extremely low in dogs. A control study was conducted with iv normal saline (0.5 ml) injection. T4, FT4 and T3RU remained unchanged during both studies. A significant fall was noted in T3 with glucagon (ΔT3, 0.23 ± 0.06 nmol/l vs 0 ± 0.03 nmol/l with normal saline; P < 0.01). rT3 rose markedly following glucagon infusion (ΔrT3, 0.04 ± 0.011 nmol/l vs −0.017 ± 0.006 nmol/l with normal saline; P < 0.01). Moreover, areas under the curves for T3 and rT3 were markedly increased during glucagon infusion when compared to saline administration (P < 0.01 for both comparisons). Therefore, this study suggests that changes in T3 and rT3 concentrations observed in non-thyroidal illnesses may be attributed to hyperglucagonaemia and may be secondary to altered T4 metabolism as reflected by lowered T3/T4 and increased rT3/T4 ratio.

Patterns of spontaneous LH release in normo- and hyperprolactinaemic women

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maire T. Buckman ◽  
Glenn T. Peake ◽  
Laxima Srivastava ◽  
Josephine Morris ◽  
Barry David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Period ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Prolactin ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Lh Secretion

Abstract. Hyperprolactinaemia may be associated with functional amenorrhoea. In order to evaluate the possible role of abnormal spontaneous LH secretion in hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic women, plasma LH was measured at 15 min intervals for 300 min in 12 normal women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and compared to that observed in 11 hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic subjects. Mean plasma prolactin was 9.1 ± 3.6 ng/ml (x̄ ± sem) in the euprolactinaemic and 168 ± 32 ng/ml in the hyperprolactinaemic group. Sex steroids including oestrone, oestradiol, progesterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were similar in the 2 groups. Mean plasma LH levels over the 300 min sampling period were 9.4 ± 1.6 mIU/ml in the normal subjects and 7.5 ± 1.0 mIU/ml in the hyperprolactinaemic patients (P>0.10). Every normal woman exhibited at least one LH spike in excess of 10 mIU/ml. Five hyperprolactinaemic patients failed to exhibit any LH spikes above 10 mIU/ml (P < 0.02 compared to controls). Thus, hyperprolactinaemia was associated with an absence of LH spike activity in 45% of patients studied and this abnormality may play an aetiologic role in the hypogonadism observed in these subjects; in those hyperprolactinaemic subjects with pulsatile LH secretion, however, other explanations for their amenorrhoea should be considered.

Radioimmunoassay for serum cortisol with 125I-labeled ligand: comparison of three methods.

1976 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Kumar ◽  
A M Safa ◽  
S D Deodhar
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Extraction Step ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Before And After

Abstract We evaluated a previously modified double-antibody radioimmunoassay for serum cortisol. It was compared with the conventional double-antibody method that includes the usual extraction step, and also with an antibody-coated tube method. In this modified method, cortisol was released from its binding globulin by enzymatic degradation rather than by extraction with ether, and a preincubated mixture of first and second antibody was used to separate antibody-bound cortisol from free. These two steps shortened total asssay time significantly. Results still correlated well (r = 0.87) with results by the conventional melthod, but the antibody-coated tube method gave lower results (r = 0.61). Because of its good correlation with the conventional method, this method was thought to be more accurate. In 52 normal subjects, mean cortisol concentrations at 0800 and 1700 hours were 161 +/- 52 (SD) mug/liter and 91 +/- 27 mug/liter, respectively. In 16 normal subjects, cortisol values before and after dexamethasone treatment (1 mg at midnight) were 134 +/- 53 mug/liter and less than 20 mug/liter. In the same subjects, cortisol concentrations before and 30 min and 60 min after Cortrosyn (synthetic corticotropin1-24, 0.25 mg) administration were 103 +/- 25, 205 +/- 45 and 223 +/- 51 mug/liter, respectively.

Corticosterone-dependent driving influence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus on adrenal sensitivity to ACTH

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. E458-E465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Sage ◽  
Daniel Maurel ◽  
Olivier Bosler
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Diurnal Rhythm ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Intact Rats

We investigated the effects of ablation of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) on corticosterone (CORT) responses to synthetic ACTH given in either the morning or evening. After dexamethasone treatment, evening ACTH injections in intact rats produced a significantly larger increase in plasma CORT compared with morning ones. In rats with SCN lesions, the ACTH-induced CORT secretion was independent of time of day, providing direct evidence for a driving influence of the SCN on the diurnal rhythm of adrenal sensitivity to ACTH. In the absence of dexamethasone treatment, the SCN-lesioned rats were selected for morning-like (ML) or evening-like (EL) basal levels of CORT. Responses to ACTH were not different in ML rats compared with sham-lesioned morning controls. In contrast, EL rats compared with sham-lesioned evening controls showed an ∼60% decrease in increment of CORT levels within the first 15 min postinjection. These results indicate that the SCN upregulates ACTH sensitivity of the adrenal cortex during the ascending phase of the daily CORT secretion and point to a critical role of glucocorticoids in determining SCN action.

Histamine-induced paradoxical GH response to TRH/GnRH in men and women: Dependence on gonadal steroid hormones

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Knigge ◽  
Benedikte Thuesen ◽  
Anders Dejgaard ◽  
Birgit Svenstrup ◽  
Paul Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Early Follicular Phase ◽  
Estrone Level ◽  
Normal Women ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Normal Men

Abstract A stimulatory GH response to TRH and GnRH occurs frequently in patients with various pathological conditions, but is absent in normal subjects. We have previously shown that histamine induced a paradoxical GH response to TRH in normal men. Since gonadal steroids influence GH secretion, we investigated whether infusion of histamine might induce a GH response to combined administration of TRH (200 μg) and GnRH (100 μg) in 6 normal women during the early follicular and luteal phase of the same menstrual cycle and in 7 normal men. Histamine had no effect on basal GH secretion in men or in women during the two phases of the menstrual cycle. However, compared with saline, histamine induced a GH response to TRH/GnRH in men (GH peak: 5.5 ± 1.0 vs 1.4 ± 0.3 μg/l; p<0.01) and in women during the luteal phase (GH peak: 5.2 ± 1.6 vs 1.5 ± 0.4 μg/l; p<0.025), but not during the early follicular phase of the cycle (GH peak: 1.7 ± 0.5 vs 1.6 ± 0.3 μg/l). In luteal-phase women the GH response to TRH/GnRH correlated with the serum estradiol-17β level (GH area/E2: r=0.98; p<0.005) and the serum estrone level (GH area/E1: r=0.81; p<0.05). In men the GH response to TRH/GnRH did not correlate with estrogen or androgen levels. We conclude that high physiological levels of estrogens are pertinent to the activation of a histamine-induced GH response to TRH/GnRH in women, whereas the role of androgens and estrogens for the induction of the response in men seems more complex. Furthermore, the study indicates that histamine may increase the sensitivity of GH release to nonspecific stimuli.

Ratio of Inhibited-to-Activated Pallidal Neurons Decreases Dramatically During Passive Limb Movement in the MPTP-Treated Monkey

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 1760-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Boraud ◽  
E. Bezard ◽  
B. Bioulac ◽  
C. E. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Normal Animal ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Neuronal Population ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
State 1

Mink advanced the hypothesis in 1996 that the role of the basal ganglia (BG) is primarily one of focused selection; the encouragement of motor mechanisms inducing a desired movement and the inhibition of competing mechanisms. This would imply, in normal subjects, a ratio of inhibited-to-activated (I/A) movement-related globus pallidus pars internalis (GPi) neurons <1 and a drastic decrease of this ratio in the parkinsonian state. 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication should therefore decrease the specificity of the response of this neuronal population. To test this working hypothesis we studied the activity of GPi neurons in response to passive limb movement in the normal and the parkinsonian monkey. Extracellular unit recordings monitored any correlation between passive limb movements and eventual modifications of the neuronal activity of the GPi in two calm, awake, and drug naive monkeys ( Macaca fascicularis) before and after MPTP intoxication. In the normal animal, arm- and leg-related neurons were located in clusters in the medial part of the GPi. The I/A ratio was 0.22. Most GPi cells were linked to a single joint. In the MPTP-treated monkey, the number of movement-related neurons increased, the I/A ratio dropped significantly to 0.03, and most responding cells were linked to several joints. These data, which cannot be explained by the classic “box” model, endorse Mink's hypothesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document