EFFECT OF HIGH DOSES OF OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE ON THE NORADRENALINE CONTENT OF THE SHORT ADRENERGIC NEURONS INNERVATING THE MALE GENITAL TRACT OF THE RAT

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Owman ◽  
N.-O. Sjöberg ◽  
N. O. Sjöstrand ◽  
G. Swedin
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
Short Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Male Genital

ABSTRACT The effect of prolonged treatment with high doses of oestrogen and/or progesterone on the amount of adrenergic transmitter in the short adrenergic neurons of the male reproductive tract of castrated rats has been studied by chemical determinations and histochemical demonstration of noradrenaline. Oestrogen, progesterone, or a combination of both, had no overt effect on the total content or on the concentration of noradrenaline in the male genital organs. The results are discussed in the light of recent findings that the content of the noradrenaline transmitter in the short adrenergic neurons to the female genital tract is markedly influenced by these female sex hormones.

XX.—Studies on Reproduction in the Albino Mouse. III. The Duration of Life of Spermatozoa in the Female Reproductive Tract

1940 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Merton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Exact Data ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Male Genital

The method of artificial insemination in the mouse, which has been used successfully only once previously (Mark and Long, 1911), has made it possible to collect exact data on the duration of life and the fertilising capacity of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. Earlier results concerning the conditions under which spermatozoa from the male genital tract attain their maximum activity (Merton, II) and the exact knowledge of the time of parturition (Merton, I) were helpful in carrying out artificial insemination during the following œstrous period.

INCREASE IN TRANSMITTER CONTENT OF ADRENERGIC NERVES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF FEMALE RABBITS AFTER OESTROGEN TREATMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Otto Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Regular Increase ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT Changes in the noradrenaline content of adrenergic nerves innervating the reproductive organs in rabbits treated with 17β-oestradiol were studied by fluorescence microscopy. The changes were correlated with alterations in the total noradrenaline content of the organs as determined fluorimetrically. The heart was used as control tissue. 17β-oestradiol produced a marked increase in noradrenaline of the neurones innervating the muscle coats of the uterus and vagina, both in intact and oophorectomized animals. A similar, though less regular, increase was found in the oviduct, but no such increase was observed in the ovary or the heart. Thus, adrenergic nerves to the female genital tract can be influenced by hormonal treatment to behave in a way similar to that previously found during the early stages of pregnancy. The results are discussed in the light of observations showing that the uterus and vagina are innervated by a special type of short adrenergic neurones; the heart and ovary, by ordinary long neurones from the sympathetic chain; and the oviduct by both types of nerves.

PERSISTING HIGH LEVEL OF TRANSMITTER IN UTERINE SHORT ADRENERGIC NEURONS FOLLOWING PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Falck ◽  
Ch. Owman ◽  
E. Rosengren ◽  
N.-O. Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Sympathetic Chain ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
Short Adrenergic Neurons ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT The myometrium of the rabbit uterus receives its adrenergic nerve supply by way of short adrenergic neurons originating in peripheral ganglia located at the uterovaginal junction. Treatment with 17β-oestradiol daily for 4 weeks produced a doubling of the total noradrenaline content of the uterus, as measured fluorimetrically. This high transmitter level persisted even if the oestrogen administration was interrupted after half the experimental period. No changes occurred in the noradrenaline content of the control organs (heart and ovary) which are innervated by ordinary long adrenergic neurons from the sympathetic chain. The significance of the present results for the marked changes in uterine noradrenaline previously found during pregnancy is discussed.

Significance of Barteroides Ureolyticus in the Lower Genital Tract

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Woolley ◽  
G R Kinghorn ◽  
K W Bennett ◽  
A Eley
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Lower Genital Tract ◽  
Differential Medium ◽  
Local Family ◽  
Asymptomatic Women ◽  
Asymptomatic Men ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Male Genital

In a study to determine the significance of Bacteroides ureolyticus in the lower urogenital tract using a new selective and differential medium, this organism was isolated from 30.1% of asymptomatic men, 37.8% of men with genital warts, and 26.3% of men with non-gonococcal urethritis. Using the same selective medium B. ureolyticus was isolated from 49% of women attending the same genitourinary clinic with symptoms of vaginal discharge and/or pruritis vulvae, 44.1% of asymptomatic women, and 50% of asymptomatic women attending a local family planning clinic. Furthermore, this organism was isolated from 27.1% of women whose vaginal specimens isolated commensal organisms only, 43.2% with C. albicans, 59.4% with U. urealyticum, 74.4% with M. hominis, and 76.8% with G. vaginalis. On testing with the API ATB 32A test strips, 86% of the positive isolates of B. ureolyticus from the female genital tract were indistinguishable from those isolated from the male genital tract indicating that this organism is common to the lower genital tract of both sexes. These results indicate that B. ureolyticus is a commensal in the lower genital tract.

scholarly journals Does the Act of Copulation per se, without Considering Seminal Deposition, Change the Expression of Genes in the Porcine Female Genital Tract?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5477
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Dominic Wright ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Semen—through its specific sperm and seminal plasma (SP) constituents—induces changes of gene expression in the internal genital tract of pigs, particularly in the functional sperm reservoir at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Although seminal effects are similarly elicited by artificial insemination (AI), major changes in gene expression are registered after natural mating, a fact suggesting the act of copulation induces per se changes in genes that AI does not affect. The present study explored which pathways were solely influenced by copulation, affecting the differential expression of genes (DEGs) of the pre/peri-ovulatory genital tract (cervix, distal uterus, proximal uterus and UTJ) of estrus sows, 24 h after various procedures were performed to compare natural mating with AI of semen (control 1), sperm-free SP harvested from the sperm-peak fraction (control 2), sperm-free SP harvested from the whole ejaculate (control 3) or saline-extender BTS (control 4), using a microarray chip (GeneChip® porcine gene 1.0 st array). Genes related to neuroendocrine responses (ADRA1, ADRA2, GABRB2, CACNB2), smooth muscle contractility (WNT7A), angiogenesis and vascular remodeling (poFUT1, NTN4) were, among others, overrepresented with distal and proximal uterine segments exhibiting the highest number of DEGs. The findings provide novel evidence that relevant transcriptomic changes in the porcine female reproductive tract occur in direct response to the specific act of copulation, being semen-independent.

scholarly journals Interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis serovar E with male genital tract epithelium results in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1025-1032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najwa Al-Mously ◽  
Adrian Eley
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Prostate Epithelial Cells ◽  
Male Genital

Although much has been reported on the in vitro interaction of Chlamydia trachomatis with cells derived from the female genital tract, little is known of its interaction with male genital tract epithelium. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of C. trachomatis serovar E on immortalized normal human urethral epithelial cells and on immortalized normal adult human prostate epithelial cells with regard to chlamydial growth and secretion of cytokines. After infection, these epithelial cells were assessed for their support of chlamydial growth in comparison with HeLa cells, and cytokine levels in cell culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. Although the male-derived epithelial cells supported growth of chlamydiae, the best growth was seen in HeLa cells. In contrast to prostate epithelial cells, the urethral epithelial cells released much larger quantities of interleukin 1α (IL-1α) following infection, whereas both IL-6 and IL-8 were produced in larger quantities by infected prostate cells. At 7 days post-infection, HeLa cells consistently produced large quantities of all three cytokines. In conclusion, the male-derived cell lines were shown to support the invasion of C. trachomatis and initiate a proinflammatory response to infection. From in vitro studies the suggestion that high levels of IL-6 could be a possible marker for chlamydial prostatitis is confirmed. Although not as marked a change, it is also suggested that higher IL-8 levels could be associated more with infection of the prostate than the urethra. Differential cytokine production by different male-derived epithelial cells could help determine the site of chlamydial infection and help in the study of pathogenesis.

Migration and motility of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (Acari, Argasidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. RESLER ◽  
J. L. FRAZIER ◽  
J. G. SHEPHERD ◽  
J. D. MODAFFERI
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Many ◽  
Female Genital

SUMMARYThe spermatozoa of ticks are anomalous in many respects: they are very large, cytoplasm-rich cells which lack a flagellum but move with a peculiar gliding motility. Their metamorphosis after deposition in the female has been well documented, but many of the subsequent events in the career of the spermatozoa are controversial or poorly documented. Our observations of motility imply that the many types of motility that have been reported (up to 5 different types in several reports) can be reduced to 2 apparently independent types of active motility: (1) gliding motility generated along the whole spermatozoon and (2) contortions of the anterior tip of the head. These types of motility appear as a consequence of sperm maturation after transfer to the female, but only become pronounced if the female has taken a recent bloodmeal. A consequence of this enhanced gliding motility after feeding is the movement of the spermatozoa out of the naturally ruptured neck of the spermatophore and up the female genital tract. This occurs without any apparent assistance from the female's musculature and likely is the prime mechanism of movement of the spermatozoa to the site of fertilization.

A comparison of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupial and eutherian mammals

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Embryo Transport ◽  
Female Genital

A review on current knowledge of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupials. Some of the unique features of gamete structure-function and female genital tract morphology will be described and compared with data available on eutherian mammals.

scholarly journals Atypical Cervical Stromal Cells Masquerading as Malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. C30-31
Author(s):  
Shraddha Avinash Kurekar ◽  
Jayashri Popat Chaudhari ◽  
Asha Sharad Shenoy ◽  
Rachana Ajay Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Atypical stromal cells (ASCs) of the female genital tract are uncommon and found in various polypoid lesions of the vulva, vagina, cervix and endometrium. Although they are benign; they can be misinterpreted as a malignant. Hence it is important for a pathologist to identify the ASCs in the specimens or biopsies of lower Female genital tract and avoid over diagnosis as a malignancy. We present a case of atypical cervical stromal cells in a 45-year-old female. On microscopy, Atypical stromal cells were stellate, enlarged in size, with moderate to severely atypical hyperchromatic, multilobulated nuclei without any mitoses. Their chromatin was dense often with prominent nucleoli. This report highlights the significance of awareness about the occurrence of these cells in the female reproductive tract.

scholarly journals Embryology of the Female Genital System

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Mariana Rojas ◽  
Ruth Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Molecular Regulation ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital System ◽  
Genital Tubercle ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Male Genital

Until the seventh week of human embryonic development of both sexes have very similar primordia of genitalia represented by two undifferentiated gonads two mesonephric ducts, which originate the male genital tract and two paramesonephric ducts develop the female genital tract. Genital tubercle, two labiouretrales folds and two labioscrotal folds: Externally the same basic elements that are distinguished in both sexes. From SRY gene expression that occurs during the eighth week a series of morphophysiological events leading establishing a clear sexual dimorphism starts. If the resulting gonad is a testis produced hormones induce masculinization of internal and external genitalia, as well as outline the breast. However, if an ovary is formed or not formed gonads, internal and external genitalia develop in female sense. Genetic sex is not always related to the differentiation of external genitalia or genital tract that is why we consider separately each. This article explores the morphological differentiation into male and female connection, as well as the molecular regulation of the gonads, genital tract and external genitalia.

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