scholarly journals Atypical Cervical Stromal Cells Masquerading as Malignancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. C30-31
Author(s):  
Shraddha Avinash Kurekar ◽  
Jayashri Popat Chaudhari ◽  
Asha Sharad Shenoy ◽  
Rachana Ajay Chaturvedi
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital

Atypical stromal cells (ASCs) of the female genital tract are uncommon and found in various polypoid lesions of the vulva, vagina, cervix and endometrium. Although they are benign; they can be misinterpreted as a malignant. Hence it is important for a pathologist to identify the ASCs in the specimens or biopsies of lower Female genital tract and avoid over diagnosis as a malignancy. We present a case of atypical cervical stromal cells in a 45-year-old female. On microscopy, Atypical stromal cells were stellate, enlarged in size, with moderate to severely atypical hyperchromatic, multilobulated nuclei without any mitoses. Their chromatin was dense often with prominent nucleoli. This report highlights the significance of awareness about the occurrence of these cells in the female reproductive tract.

Migration and motility of spermatozoa in the female reproductive tract of the soft tick Ornithodoros moubata (Acari, Argasidae)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. RESLER ◽  
J. L. FRAZIER ◽  
J. G. SHEPHERD ◽  
J. D. MODAFFERI
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gliding Motility ◽  
Soft Tick ◽  
Ornithodoros Moubata ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Many ◽  
Female Genital

SUMMARYThe spermatozoa of ticks are anomalous in many respects: they are very large, cytoplasm-rich cells which lack a flagellum but move with a peculiar gliding motility. Their metamorphosis after deposition in the female has been well documented, but many of the subsequent events in the career of the spermatozoa are controversial or poorly documented. Our observations of motility imply that the many types of motility that have been reported (up to 5 different types in several reports) can be reduced to 2 apparently independent types of active motility: (1) gliding motility generated along the whole spermatozoon and (2) contortions of the anterior tip of the head. These types of motility appear as a consequence of sperm maturation after transfer to the female, but only become pronounced if the female has taken a recent bloodmeal. A consequence of this enhanced gliding motility after feeding is the movement of the spermatozoa out of the naturally ruptured neck of the spermatophore and up the female genital tract. This occurs without any apparent assistance from the female's musculature and likely is the prime mechanism of movement of the spermatozoa to the site of fertilization.

A comparison of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupial and eutherian mammals

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Taggart
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Embryo Transport ◽  
Female Genital

A review on current knowledge of sperm and embryo transport in the female reproductive tract of marsupials. Some of the unique features of gamete structure-function and female genital tract morphology will be described and compared with data available on eutherian mammals.

XX.—Studies on Reproduction in the Albino Mouse. III. The Duration of Life of Spermatozoa in the Female Reproductive Tract

1940 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 207-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Merton
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
Exact Data ◽  
Female Genital ◽  
Male Genital

The method of artificial insemination in the mouse, which has been used successfully only once previously (Mark and Long, 1911), has made it possible to collect exact data on the duration of life and the fertilising capacity of spermatozoa in the female genital tract. Earlier results concerning the conditions under which spermatozoa from the male genital tract attain their maximum activity (Merton, II) and the exact knowledge of the time of parturition (Merton, I) were helpful in carrying out artificial insemination during the following œstrous period.

Malignancies of the female genital tract in childhood and adolescence

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Brockbank ◽  
T Ind
Keyword(s):  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Malignant Tumours ◽  
Ovarian Tumours ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Genital

Malignant tumours of the female reproductive tract in childhood and adolescence are rare. The comparative frequencies of tumours in adults and children may be related to the relative accumulation of exposure to environmental factors. An example might be the relationship between exposure to human papillomavirus and the development of vulval, vaginal and cervical cancers. Some cancers in childhood are associated with factors specific to the time of life. Examples include in-utero stilboestrol exposure related to clear cell carcinoma and teenage pregnancy associated with gestational trophoblastic tumours. In childhood and adolescence, 67% of all ovarian tumours are germ cell in origin. This differs significantly to the distribution of ovarian tumours in adults.

scholarly journals Does the Act of Copulation per se, without Considering Seminal Deposition, Change the Expression of Genes in the Porcine Female Genital Tract?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5477
Author(s):  
Manuel Alvarez-Rodriguez ◽  
Cristina A. Martinez ◽  
Dominic Wright ◽  
Heriberto Rodriguez-Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Natural Mating ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes

Semen—through its specific sperm and seminal plasma (SP) constituents—induces changes of gene expression in the internal genital tract of pigs, particularly in the functional sperm reservoir at the utero-tubal junction (UTJ). Although seminal effects are similarly elicited by artificial insemination (AI), major changes in gene expression are registered after natural mating, a fact suggesting the act of copulation induces per se changes in genes that AI does not affect. The present study explored which pathways were solely influenced by copulation, affecting the differential expression of genes (DEGs) of the pre/peri-ovulatory genital tract (cervix, distal uterus, proximal uterus and UTJ) of estrus sows, 24 h after various procedures were performed to compare natural mating with AI of semen (control 1), sperm-free SP harvested from the sperm-peak fraction (control 2), sperm-free SP harvested from the whole ejaculate (control 3) or saline-extender BTS (control 4), using a microarray chip (GeneChip® porcine gene 1.0 st array). Genes related to neuroendocrine responses (ADRA1, ADRA2, GABRB2, CACNB2), smooth muscle contractility (WNT7A), angiogenesis and vascular remodeling (poFUT1, NTN4) were, among others, overrepresented with distal and proximal uterine segments exhibiting the highest number of DEGs. The findings provide novel evidence that relevant transcriptomic changes in the porcine female reproductive tract occur in direct response to the specific act of copulation, being semen-independent.

scholarly journals Pattern Recognition via the Toll-Like Receptor System in the Human Female Genital Tract

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaei Nasu ◽  
Hisashi Narahara
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
Female Genital

The mucosal surface of the female genital tract is a complex biosystem, which provides a barrier against the outside world and participates in both innate and acquired immune defense systems. This mucosal compartment has adapted to a dynamic, non-sterile environment challenged by a variety of antigenic/inflammatory stimuli associated with sexual intercourse and endogenous vaginal microbiota. Rapid innate immune defenses against microbial infection usually involve the recognition of invading pathogens by specific pattern-recognition receptors recently attributed to the family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) synthesized by microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses as well as endogenous ligands associated with cell damage. Members of the TLR family, which includes 10 human TLRs identified to date, recognize distinct PAMPs produced by various bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. The available literature regarding the innate immune system of the female genital tract during human reproductive processes was reviewed in order to identify studies specifically related to the expression and function of TLRs under normal as well as pathological conditions. Increased understanding of these molecules may provide insight into site-specific immunoregulatory mechanisms in the female reproductive tract.

Distribution of Trimethoprim and Sulfametopyrazine in the Female Reproductive Tract

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Preza ◽  
Claudia Moura ◽  
Aguinaldo Leite Filho ◽  
Valeria Cavallari ◽  
Franklin Nüdemberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Leiomyoma ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dose Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Female Genital

A combination of trimethoprim (TMP) 250 mg and sulfametopyrazine (SMP) 200 mg (dose ratio 5:4) in capsules was administered to ten patients undergoing hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma. Each patient received a total of 3 of these Kelfiprim capsules: 2 capsules in a single administration 36 hours before surgery and 1 capsule 24 hours later. TMP and SMP concentrations were analyzed in plasma and also in the ovary, Fallopian tube and uterus, removed during surgery. The results indicated that in the reproductive organs of the female genital tract TMP reaches the same concentrations as in plasma. In contrast SMP is 3 to 3·5 times less concentrated in these tissues compared with plasma. At the TMP/SMP ratios obtained in these various organs synergism of the two compounds is reported to be particularly prominent for most bacterial strains. These findings indicate that this TMP-SMP combination may be useful in the treatment of female reproductive tract infections.

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide: occurrence and relaxant effect in female genital tract

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (1) ◽  
pp. E108-E117 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Steenstrup ◽  
P. Alm ◽  
J. Hannibal ◽  
J. C. Jorgensen ◽  
C. Palle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Female Genital

The distribution, localization, and smooth muscle effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) were studied in the human female genital tract. The concentrations of PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 were measured by radioimmunoassays, and both peptides were found throughout the genital tract. The highest concentrations of PACAP-38 were detected in the ovary, the upper part of vagina, and the perineum. The concentrations of PACAP-27 were generally low, in some regions below the detection limit and in other regions 1 to 5% of the PACAP-38 concentrations. Immunocytochemistry revealed that PACAP was located in delicate varicose nerve fibers that were most abundant in the internal cervical os, where they mainly seemed to innervate blood vessels and smooth muscle cells. PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 (10(-10)-10(-6) M) caused a concentration-dependent relaxation of the spontaneous activity of the nonvascular smooth muscle strips from fallopian tube and myometrium in vitro. Likewise, both peptides (10(-10)-10(-6) M) caused relaxation of nonrepinephrine (10(-6) M)-precontracted intramyometrial arteries. No effect of the PACAP sequences, PACAP-(6-27), PACAP-(16-38), and PACAP-(18-27), on fallopian tube was observed. The findings suggest a smooth muscle regulatory role of PACAP in the human female reproductive tract.

Atypical stromal cells of lower female genital tract

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.W. ABDUL-KARIM ◽  
R.E. COHEN
Keyword(s):  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Female Genital

INCREASE IN TRANSMITTER CONTENT OF ADRENERGIC NERVES IN THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT OF FEMALE RABBITS AFTER OESTROGEN TREATMENT

1968 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils-Otto Sjöberg
Keyword(s):  
Genital Tract ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Genital Tract ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Noradrenaline Content ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Regular Increase ◽  
Female Genital

ABSTRACT Changes in the noradrenaline content of adrenergic nerves innervating the reproductive organs in rabbits treated with 17β-oestradiol were studied by fluorescence microscopy. The changes were correlated with alterations in the total noradrenaline content of the organs as determined fluorimetrically. The heart was used as control tissue. 17β-oestradiol produced a marked increase in noradrenaline of the neurones innervating the muscle coats of the uterus and vagina, both in intact and oophorectomized animals. A similar, though less regular, increase was found in the oviduct, but no such increase was observed in the ovary or the heart. Thus, adrenergic nerves to the female genital tract can be influenced by hormonal treatment to behave in a way similar to that previously found during the early stages of pregnancy. The results are discussed in the light of observations showing that the uterus and vagina are innervated by a special type of short adrenergic neurones; the heart and ovary, by ordinary long neurones from the sympathetic chain; and the oviduct by both types of nerves.

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