A larch based biorefinery: pre-extraction and extract fermentation to lactic acid

Holzforschung ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Hörhammer ◽  
Sara Walton ◽  
Adriaan van Heiningen
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Larch Wood ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract In a forest based biorefinery, pulp and paper are the main products, while side-streams are utilized for value-added products. One biorefinery concept is to remove hemicelluloses from wood by extraction prior to pulping and converting them into biofuels or chemicals. This study presents a concept of a larch wood based biorefinery and focuses on the mass balance of pre-extraction. Sugar rich extracts were obtained by hot water extraction of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Lebed.) wood chips at different temperatures and times. At 160°C and 60–90 min the extract contains 13–16% hemicelluloses (on wood). The composition of extracts and extracted wood has been determined to have a basis for mass balances. Fermentation of the hydrolyzed extract with Bacillus coagulans MXL-9 resulted in consumption of all C6 and C5 sugars and produced lactic acid in high yield. In an earlier work, it was demonstrated that water pre-extraction of larch chips followed by polysulfide-anthraquinone (PSAQ) pulping still produced a good papermaking pulp at a yield comparable to the corresponding non-extracted kraft pulp. Accordingly, the present results show that a larch wood based biorefinery has a potential for industrial application.

Pre-extraction and PSAQ pulping of Siberian larch

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Kämppi ◽  
Hanna Hörhammer ◽  
Anja Leponiemi ◽  
Adriaan van Heiningen
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Value Added Products

Abstract The aim of this study was to find conditions under which it is possible to produce hemicelluloses-rich extract from Siberian larch in addition to pre-extracted pulp with a yield comparable to normal kraft pulp. The study was conducted in order to determine proof of concept of a process utilizing Siberian larch for production of papermaking pulp and biochemically obtained value-added products, i.e. biofuels or lactic acid. By pre-extraction at 160 ºC for 60 minutes approximately 17% of the wood material could be dissolved. At kappa number 30, the pre-extracted kraft pulp gave 5% lower total yield than a conventional kraft pulp. Addition of 4% polysulfide (PS) and 0.1% anthraquinone (AQ) on wood increased the pre-extracted kraft pulp yield nearly to the same level as that of regular kraft pulp. Pre-extraction at 160 ºC for 60 minutes allowed reduction of EA charge by 3% on wood and Hfactor by 300-450. The viscosity of the pre-extracted PSAQ kraft pulps was higher than that of conventional larch kraft pulps and had a somewhat inferior strength and optical properties. The results indicate that under optimized conditions it is possible to produce preextracted PSAQ larch pulp without significant losses in pulp yield and quality, and in addition generate a new feed stock of carbohydrates for further utilization for value-added products.

scholarly journals Aldehydes-Aided Lignin-First Deconstruction Strategy for Facilitating Lignin Monomers and Fermentable Glucose Production from Poplar Wood

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Tian-Ying Chen ◽  
Cheng-Ye Ma ◽  
Dou-Yong Min ◽  
Chuan-Fu Liu ◽  
Shao-Ni Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Glucose Yield ◽  
Biomass Deconstruction ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Value Added Products

In this study, lignin with fine structures and facile enzymatic saccharifying residue were successively dissociated based on the lignin-first biomass deconstruction strategy. In the lignin-first process, aldehyde-protected lignin fractions were firstly isolated by acid-catalyzed dioxane extraction in the presence of formaldehyde (FA) and acetaldehyde (AA) and then analyzed by advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The optimized hydrogenolysis of the extracted lignin (LFA and LAA) resulted in a high yield (42.57% and 33.00%) of lignin monomers with high product selectivity (mainly 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol) (39.93% and 46.61%). Moreover, the cellulose-rich residues were saccharified into fermentable glucose for bioethanol production. The glucose yield of the substrate (RAA) reached to 75.12%, which was significantly higher than that (15.4%) of the substrate (RFA). In short, the lignin-first biomass deconstruction by adding AA is a promising and sustainable process for producing value-added products (energy and fine chemicals) from lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals Electrochemical biomass upgrading: degradation of glucose to lactic acid on a copper(ii) electrode

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (50) ◽  
pp. 31208-31218
Author(s):  
Lars Ostervold ◽  
Sergio I. Perez Bakovic ◽  
Jamie Hestekin ◽  
Lauren F. Greenlee
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Nonrenewable Resources ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Value Added Products

Biomass upgrading – the conversion of biomass waste into value-added products – provides a possible solution to reduce global dependency on nonrenewable resources.

Alkali Pretreatment and Acid Hydrolysis of Coconut Pulp and Empty Fruit Bunch to Produce Glucose

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorhalieza Ali ◽  
Che Afifi Che Aziz ◽  
Onn Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Alkali Pretreatment ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Value Added Products

Lignocellulose waste has great potential to be converted into value added products sustainably as it is readily available at low cost. The aim of this study is to examine the amount of glucose produced from coconut pulp and coconut empty fruit bunch using acid hydrolysis. Sodium hydroxide pretreatment is carried out at 70oC using different concentrations of sodium hydroxide which are 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% v/v for a duration time of 2 hours. Optimum pretreatment is evaluated using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis. It is observed that optimum pretreatment is at 20% v/v sodium hydroxide. The optimum samples are then hydrolysed using concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% v/v of sulphuric acid at different temperatures of 30, 50, 70 and 90oC for 2 hours. Glucose concentration is analysed using an ultraviolet (UV) Spectrophotometer. The highest glucose concentrations obtained are 0.895 g/L and 0.550g/L for coconut pulp and coconut empty fruit bunch, respectively at 20% v/v acid concentration and a temperature of 90oC. 

scholarly journals A Review on the Transformation of Furfural Residue for Value-Added Products

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Sun ◽  
Zhi Wang ◽  
Yuyingnan Liu ◽  
Xianghui Meng ◽  
Jingbo Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soil Culture ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Furfural Residue ◽  
Strong Acidity ◽  
High Treatment ◽  
Furfural Production ◽  
At Will ◽  
Value Added Products

As a by-product of lignocellulosic depolymerization for furfural production, furfural residue (FR) is composed of residual cellulose, lignin, humic acid, and other small amounts of materials, which have high reuse value. However, due to the limitation of furfural production scale and production technology, the treatment of FR has many problems such as high yield, concentrated stacking, strong acidity, and difficult degradation. This leads to the limited treatment methods and high treatment cost of furfural residue. At present, most of the furfural enterprises can only be piled up at will, buried in soil, or directly burned. The air, soil, and rivers are polluted and the ecological balance is destroyed. Therefore, how to deal with furfural residue reasonably needs to be solved. In this review, value-added products for furfural residue conversion are described in detail in the fields of soil culture, catalytic hydrolysis, thermal decomposition, and porous adsorption. The future studies reporting the FR to convert value-added products could find guidance from this review to achieve specific goals.

scholarly journals L-(+)-Lactic Acid from Reed: Comparing Various Resources for the Nutrient Provision of B. coagulans

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Schroedter ◽  
Roland Schneider ◽  
Lisa Remus ◽  
Joachim Venus
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Purity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Pentose Sugars

Biotechnological production of lactic acid (LA) is based on the so-called first generation feedstocks, meaning sugars derived from food and feed crops such as corn, sugarcane and cassava. The aim of this study was to exploit the potential of a second generation resource: Common reed (Phragmites australis) is a powerfully reproducing sweet grass which grows in wetlands and creates vast monocultural populations. This lignocellulose biomass bears the possibility to be refined to value-added products, without competing with agro industrial land. Besides utilizing reed as a renewable and inexpensive substrate, low-cost nutritional supplementation was analyzed for the fermentation of thermophilic Bacillus coagulans. Various nutritional sources such as baker’s and brewer’s yeast, lucerne green juice and tryptone were investigated for the replacement of yeast extract. The structure of the lignocellulosic material was tackled by chemical treatment (1% NaOH) and enzymatic hydrolysis (Cellic® CTec2). B. coagulans DSM ID 14-300 was employed for the homofermentative conversion of the released hexose and pentose sugars to polymerizable L-(+)-LA of over 99.5% optical purity. The addition of autolyzed baker’s yeast led to the best results of fermentation, enabling an LA titer of 28.3 g L−1 and a yield of 91.6%.

scholarly journals Controllable Carbonization of Plastic Waste into Three-Dimensional Porous Carbon Nanosheets by Combined Catalyst for High Performance Capacitor

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueying Mu ◽  
Yunhui Li ◽  
Xiaoguang Liu ◽  
Changde Ma ◽  
Hanqing Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Social Life ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Value Added ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Carbon Nanosheets ◽  
A Current ◽  
Value Added Products

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plastic has been extensively used in our social life, but its poor biodegradability has led to serious environmental pollution and aroused worldwide concern. Up to now, various strategies have been proposed to address the issue, yet such strategies remain seriously impeded by many obstacles. Herein, waste PET plastic was selectively carbonized into three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon nanosheets (PCS) with high yield of 36.4 wt%, to be further hybridized with MnO2 nanoflakes to form PCS-MnO2 composites. Due to the introduction of an appropriate amount of MnO2 nanoflakes, the resulting PCS-MnO2 composite exhibited a specific capacitance of 210.5 F g−1 as well as a high areal capacitance of 0.33 F m−2. Furthermore, the PCS-MnO2 composite also showed excellent cycle stability (90.1% capacitance retention over 5000 cycles under a current density of 10 A g−1). The present study paved an avenue for the highly efficient recycling of PET waste into high value-added products (PCSs) for electrochemical energy storage.

scholarly journals Biodetoxification of Phenolic Inhibitors from Lignocellulose Pretreatment using Kurthia huakuii LAM0618T and Subsequent Lactic Acid Fermentation

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuejiao Xie ◽  
Qing Hu ◽  
Guodong Feng ◽  
Xu Jiang ◽  
Jinlong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification And Fermentation ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Acid Fermentation ◽  
Biochemical Production ◽  
Water Rinsing ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Phenolic inhibitors generated during alkaline pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomasses significantly hinder bacterial growth and subsequent biofuel and biochemical production. Water rinsing is an efficient method for removing these compounds. Nevertheless, this method often generates a great amount of wastewater, and leads to the loss of solid fiber particles and fermentable sugars. Kurthia huakuii LAM0618T, a recently identified microorganism, was herein shown to be able to efficiently transform phenolic compounds (syringaldehyde, hydroxybenzaldehyde, and vanillin) into less toxic acids. Taking advantage of these properties, a biodetoxification method was established by inoculating K. huakuii LAM0618T into the NH3/H2O2-pretreated unwashed corn stover to degrade phenolic inhibitors and weak acids generated during the pretreatment. Subsequently, 33.47 and 17.91 g/L lactic acid was produced by Bacillus coagulans LA204 at 50 °C through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) from 8% (w/w) of NH3/H2O2-pretreated corn stover with or without K. huakuii LAM0618T-biodetoxification, indicating biodetoxification significantly increased lactic acid titer and yield. Importantly, using 15% (w/w) of the NH3/H2O2-pretreated K. huakuii LAM0618T-biodetoxified corn stover as a substrate through fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, high titer and high yield of lactic acid (84.49 g/L and 0.56 g/g corn stover, respectively, with a productivity of 0.88 g/L/h) were produced by Bacillus coagulans LA204. Therefore, this study reported the first study on biodetoxification of alkaline-pretreated lignocellulosic material, and this biodetoxification method could replace water rinsing for removal of phenolic inhibitors and applied in biofuel and biochemical production using the alkaline-pretreated lignocellulosic bioresources.

scholarly journals Effect of Ink and Pretreatment Conditions on Bioethanol and Biomethane Yields from Waste Banknote Paper

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Omid Yazdani Aghmashhadi ◽  
Lisandra Rocha-Meneses ◽  
Nemailla Bonturi ◽  
Kaja Orupõld ◽  
Ghasem Asadpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
Value Added Products

Waste banknote paper is a residue from the banking industry that cannot be recycled due to the presence of ink, microbial load and special coating that provides protection against humidity. As a result, waste banknote paper ends up being burned or buried, which brings environmental impacts, mainly caused by the presence of heavy metals in its composition. To minimize the environmental impacts that come from the disposal of waste banknote paper, this study proposes to produce value-added products (bioethanol and biogas) from waste banknote paper. For this, the effect of ink and pretreatment conditions on bioethanol and biomethane yields were analyzed. Waste banknote paper provided by the Central Bank of Iran was used. The raw material with ink (WPB) and without ink (WPD) was pretreated using sulfuric acid at different concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%) and the nitrogen explosive decompression (NED) at different temperatures (150 °C, 170 °C, 190 °C, and 200 °C). The results show that the use of NED pretreatment in WPD resulted in the highest glucose concentration of all studies (13 ± 0.19 g/L). The acid pretreatment for WPB showed a correlation with the acid concentration. The highest ethanol concentration was obtained from the fermentation using WPD pretreated with NED (6.36 ± 0.72 g/L). The maximum methane yields varied between 136 ± 5 mol/kg TS (2% acid WPB) and 294 ± 4 mol/kg TS (3% acid WPD). Our results show that the presence of ink reduces bioethanol and biogas yields and that the chemical-free NED pretreatment is more advantageous for bioethanol and biogas production than the acid pretreatment method. Waste banknote paper without ink is a suitable feedstock for sustainable biorefinery processes.

scholarly journals Efficient lactic acid production from dilute acid-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass by a synthetic consortium of engineered Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus coagulans

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Zou ◽  
Shuiping Ouyang ◽  
Yueli Hu ◽  
Zhaojuan Zheng ◽  
Jia Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Lignocellulosic Hydrolysate ◽  
Acid Yield

Abstract Background Lignocellulosic biomass is an attractive and sustainable alternative to petroleum-based feedstock for the production of a range of biochemicals, and pretreatment is generally regarded as indispensable for its biorefinery. However, various inhibitors that severely hinder the growth and fermentation of microorganisms are inevitably produced during the pretreatment of lignocellulose. Presently, there are few reports on a single microorganism that can detoxify or tolerate toxic mixtures of pretreated lignocellulose hydrolysate while effectively transforming sugar components into valuable compounds. Alternatively, microbial coculture provides a simpler and more efficacious way to realize this goal by distributing metabolic functions among different specialized strains. Results In this study, a novel synthetic microbial consortium, which is composed of a responsible for detoxification bacterium engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 and a lactic acid production specialist Bacillus coagulans NL01, was developed to directly produce lactic acid from highly toxic lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The engineered P. putida with deletion of the sugar metabolism pathway was unable to consume the major fermentable sugars of lignocellulosic hydrolysate but exhibited great tolerance to 10 g/L sodium acetate, 5 g/L levulinic acid, 10 mM furfural and HMF as well as 2 g/L monophenol compound. In addition, the engineered strain rapidly removed diverse inhibitors of real hydrolysate. The degradation rate of organic acids (acetate, levulinic acid) and the conversion rate of furan aldehyde were both 100%, and the removal rate of most monoaromatic compounds remained at approximately 90%. With detoxification using engineered P. putida for 24 h, the 30% (v/v) hydrolysate was fermented to 35.8 g/L lactic acid by B. coagulans with a lactic acid yield of 0.8 g/g total sugars. Compared with that of the single culture of B. coagulans without lactic acid production, the fermentation performance of microbial coculture was significantly improved. Conclusions The microbial coculture system constructed in this study demonstrated the strong potential of the process for the biosynthesis of valuable products from lignocellulosic hydrolysates containing high concentrations of complex inhibitors by specifically recruiting consortia of robust microorganisms with desirable characteristics and also provided a feasible and attractive method for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to other value-added biochemicals.

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