scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Environmental Conditions and Contaminants on Incubation Behaviour in an Arctic Seabird

ARCTIC ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-547
Author(s):  
Reyd Smith
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Incubation Behaviour

scholarly journals Long-term effects of warming and ocean acidification are modified by seasonal variation in species responses and environmental conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1627) ◽  
pp. 20130186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin A. Godbold ◽  
Martin Solan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climatic Forcing ◽  
Species Responses

Warming of sea surface temperatures and alteration of ocean chemistry associated with anthropogenic increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide will have profound consequences for a broad range of species, but the potential for seasonal variation to modify species and ecosystem responses to these stressors has received little attention. Here, using the longest experiment to date (542 days), we investigate how the interactive effects of warming and ocean acidification affect the growth, behaviour and associated levels of ecosystem functioning (nutrient release) for a functionally important non-calcifying intertidal polychaete ( Alitta virens ) under seasonally changing conditions. We find that the effects of warming, ocean acidification and their interactions are not detectable in the short term, but manifest over time through changes in growth, bioturbation and bioirrigation behaviour that, in turn, affect nutrient generation. These changes are intimately linked to species responses to seasonal variations in environmental conditions (temperature and photoperiod) that, depending upon timing, can either exacerbate or buffer the long-term directional effects of climatic forcing. Taken together, our observations caution against over emphasizing the conclusions from short-term experiments and highlight the necessity to consider the temporal expression of complex system dynamics established over appropriate timescales when forecasting the likely ecological consequences of climatic forcing.

Insights from a Led Retrofits and the Interactive Effects on Hvac Operation, Environmental Conditions, and Yield

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Meshell ◽  
Daniel Banks ◽  
Jake Mitchell, Senior Outreach Consultant at Resource Innovations
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Interactive Effects

scholarly journals Variable effects of nicotine and anabasine on parasitized bumble bees

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas P. Thorburn ◽  
Lynn S. Adler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Evan C. Palmer-Young
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Crithidia Bombi

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar have been shown to reduce parasite load in two common bumble bee species. Previous studies on the effects of nectar secondary metabolites on parasitized bees have focused on single compounds in isolation; however, in nature, bees are simultaneously exposed to multiple compounds. We tested for synergistic effects of two alkaloids found in the nectar of Nicotiana spp. plants, nicotine and anabasine, on parasite load and mortality in bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) infected with the intestinal parasite Crithidia bombi. Adult worker bees inoculated with C. bombi were fed nicotine and anabasine diet treatments in a factorial design, resulting in four nectar treatment combinations:  2 ppm nicotine, 5 ppm anabasine, 2ppm nicotine and 5 ppm anabasine together, or a control alkaloid-free solution. We conducted the experiment twice: first, with bees incubated under variable environmental conditions (‘Variable’; temperatures varied from 10-35°C); and second, under carefully controlled environmental conditions (‘Controlled’; 27°C incubator, constant darkness). In ‘Variable’, each alkaloid alone significantly decreased parasite loads, but this effect was not realized with the alkaloids in combination, suggesting an antagonistic interaction. Nicotine but not anabasine significantly increased mortality, and the two compounds had no interactive effects on mortality. In ‘Controlled’, nicotine significantly increased parasite loads, the opposite of its effect in ‘Variable’. While not significant, the relationship between anabasine and parasite loads was also positive. Interactive effects between the two alkaloids on parasite load were non-significant, but the pattern of antagonistic interaction was similar to that in the variable experiment. Neither alkaloid, nor their interaction, significantly affected mortality under controlled conditions. Our results do not indicate synergy between Nicotiana nectar alkaloids; however, they do suggest a complex interaction between secondary metabolites, parasites, and environmental variables, in which secondary metabolites can be either toxic or medicinal depending on context.

scholarly journals Individual and interactive effects of genetic background and environmental conditions on amount and size distribution of polymeric proteins in wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S186-S189 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H. Malik ◽  
M.L. Prieto-Linde ◽  
R. Kuktaite ◽  
A. Andersson ◽  
E. Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
The Individual

Bread-making quality of wheat flour is influenced by wheat storage proteins. The percentage of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-unextracted polymeric proteins in total polymeric proteins (% UPP), as one important factors determining bread-making quality, is largely influenced by the individual and interactive effect of genetical background and environmental conditions. Four spring wheat cultivars were grown in green house. Two of the cultivars have high molecular weight glutenin subunits 5+10 while the other two have 2+12. Four different nitrogen regimes and two different temperature levels (distinguished as low and high temperature) were used. The results highlighted the importance of interactive influence of cultivars, nitrogen regimes and temperature levels for creating differences in the amount of % UPP during grain maturation period (GMP) and at maturity. The shift to end up with either high or low % UPP at maturity happened early during GMP (around 12 days after anthesis). Influences of cultivars on % UPP was found early during the GMP while influences of temperature and nitrogen regimes were seen much later during the GMP. The results will help in understanding the relationship between quality parameters of wheat flour and how these are influenced by different environmental and genetic factors.

scholarly journals Variable effects of nicotine, anabasine, and their interactions on parasitized bumble bees

F1000Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas P. Thorburn ◽  
Lynn S. Adler ◽  
Rebecca E. Irwin ◽  
Evan C. Palmer-Young
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Bumble Bees ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Constant Darkness ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Antagonistic Interaction ◽  
Ambient Lighting ◽  
Crithidia Bombi

Secondary metabolites in floral nectar have been shown to reduce parasite load in two common bumble bee species. Previous studies on the effects of nectar secondary metabolites on parasitized bees have focused on single compounds in isolation; however, in nature, bees are simultaneously exposed to multiple compounds. We tested for interactions between the effects of two alkaloids found in the nectar of Nicotiana spp. plants, nicotine and anabasine, on parasite load and mortality in bumble bees (Bombus impatiens) infected with the intestinal parasite Crithidia bombi. Adult worker bees inoculated with C. bombi were fed nicotine and anabasine diet treatments in a factorial design, resulting in four nectar treatment combinations:  2 ppm nicotine, 5 ppm anabasine, 2ppm nicotine and 5 ppm anabasine together, or a control alkaloid-free solution. We conducted the experiment twice: first, with bees incubated under variable environmental conditions (‘Variable’; temperatures varied from 10-35°C with ambient lighting); and second, under carefully controlled environmental conditions (‘Stable’; 27°C incubator, constant darkness). In ‘Variable’, each alkaloid alone significantly decreased parasite loads, but this effect was not realized with the alkaloids in combination, suggesting an antagonistic interaction. Nicotine but not anabasine significantly increased mortality, and the two compounds had no interactive effects on mortality. In ‘Stable’, nicotine significantly increased parasite loads, the opposite of its effect in ‘Variable’. While not significant, the relationship between anabasine and parasite loads was also positive. Interactive effects between the two alkaloids on parasite load were non-significant, but the pattern of antagonistic interaction was similar to that in the variable experiment. Neither alkaloid, nor their interaction, significantly affected mortality under controlled conditions. Our results do not indicate synergy between Nicotiana nectar alkaloids; however, they do suggest a complex interaction between secondary metabolites, parasites, and environmental variables, in which secondary metabolites can be either toxic or medicinal depending on context.

scholarly journals Quantifying nitrogen fixation by heterotrophic bacteria in sinking marine particles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Chakraborty ◽  
Ken Andersen ◽  
Andre Visser ◽  
Keisuke Inomura ◽  
Michael J. Follows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Sinking Particles ◽  
Marine Particles

Abstract Nitrogen (N2) fixation by heterotrophic bacteria associated with sinking particles contributes to marine N cycling, but a mechanistic understanding of its regulation and significance are not available. Here we develop a mathematical model for unicellular heterotrophic bacteria growing on sinking marine particles and can fix N2 under suitable environmental conditions. We find that the interactive effects of polysaccharide and polypeptide concentrations, sinking speed of particles, and surrounding O2 and NO3- concentrations determine the N2 fixation rate inside particles. N2 fixation inside sinking particles is mainly fueled by SO42- respiration rather than NO3- respiration. Our model suggests that anaerobic processes, including heterotrophic N2 fixation, can take place in anoxic microenvironments inside sinking particles even in fully oxygenated marine waters. The modelled rates are similar to bulk rates measured in the aphotic ocean, and our study consequently suggests that particle-associated heterotrophic N2 fixation contributes significantly to oceanic N2 fixation.

Vibration Isolator System for Electron Microscope

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-183
Author(s):  
K. Ohi ◽  
M. Mizuno ◽  
T. Kasai ◽  
Y. Ohkura ◽  
K. Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Electron Microscopes

In recent years, with electron microscopes coming into wider use, their installation environments do not necessarily give their performance full play. Their environmental conditions include air-conditioners, magnetic fields, and vibrations. We report a jointly developed entirely new vibration isolator which is effective against the vibrations transmitted from the floor.Conventionally, large-sized vibration isolators which need the digging of a pit have been used. These vibration isolators, however, are large present problems of installation and maintenance because of their large-size.Thus, we intended to make a vibration isolator which1) eliminates the need for changing the installation room2) eliminates the need of maintenance and3) are compact in size and easily installable.

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