scholarly journals Nikolai Petrovich Goncharov (To his 60th birthday)

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-47
Author(s):  
Editorial team of Problems of endocrinology
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Endocrine Secretion ◽  
Hormonal Analysis

60 years have passed since the birth of the famous scientist biochemist-endocrinologist, head of the laboratory of biochemical endocrinology and hormonal analysis of the Endocrinology Research Center of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, doctor of medical sciences, professor Nikolai Petrovich Goncharov. He is a pioneer in the study of the synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones in primates; he developed and implemented an adequate experimental model within the framework of the WHO Human Reproduction program to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of both new steroid preparations and regulators of endocrine secretion of steroid hormones. A significant section of the research of N.P. Goncharov is devoted to a comparative study of the endocrine system of primates, the endocrine support of the stress response, the formation of the function of the endocrine glands in various periods of postnatal ontogenesis, and the role of steroid hormones in the pathogenesis of human leukemia. He is an author of about 200 scientific papers on various problems of hormone biochemistry and endocrinology.

scholarly journals On the occasion of the anniversary of Nikolay P. Goncharov

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Famous Scientist ◽  
Endocrine Secretion ◽  
Steroid Drugs ◽  
Hormonal Analysis

In January 2020, the famous scientist biochemist-endocrinologist, MD, professor Nikolay P. Goncharov turned 85 years old. Nikolay P. Goncharov one of the leading experts in the field of biochemical endocrinology and hormonal analysis; he developed and introduced in the framework of the Human Reproduction program an experimental model for evaluating the pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of new steroid drugs and regulators of endocrine secretion of steroid hormones. The editorial board of the journal Problems of Endocrinology congratulates NP Goncharov on his anniversary, wishes him good health, success, prosperity, vitality, fortitude and many more years of fruitful activity.

Behavioral Endocrinology: Integrating Mind and Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Peter T. Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Behavioral Endocrinology ◽  
Paternal Behavior ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Primary Focus

Abstract The nervous system and the endocrine system interact to integrate behavior and physiology. Hormones play an important role in this interaction, particularly steroid hormones. Other molecules, notably oxytocin, can serve both as hormones in the soma and neuromodulators in the central nervous system. Understanding the influence of the endocrine system on human behavior, both individual and social, has been a primary focus of behavioral endocrinology for many decades, though technical and methodological challenges have been formidable. The recent enthusiasm for enzyme-linked immunoassay kits for measuring steroid hormones in saliva has been found to be largely unsound, for example. Despite these difficulties, advances in many areas have been made and new areas, such as the endocrinology of paternal behavior and the role of oxytocin in social interactions, have emerged. Reproductive ecology provides a theoretical framework for integrating the diverse content of human behavioral ecology.

scholarly journals The Insulin and IGF-I Pathway in Endocrine Glands Carcinogenesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Malaguarnera ◽  
Alaide Morcavallo ◽  
Antonino Belfiore
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Molecular Abnormalities ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Tumor Prevention

Endocrine cancers are a heterogeneous group of diseases that may arise from endocrine cells in any gland of the endocrine system. These malignancies may show an aggressive behavior and resistance to the common anticancer therapies. The etiopathogenesis of these tumors remains mostly unknown. The normal embryological development and differentiation of several endocrine glands are regulated by specific pituitary tropins, which, in adult life, control the function and trophism of the endocrine gland. Pituitary tropins act in concert with peptide growth factors, including the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), which are considered key regulators of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. While pituitary TSH is regarded as tumor-promoting factor for metastatic thyroid cancer, the role of other pituitary hormones in endocrine cancers is uncertain. However, multiple molecular abnormalities of the IGF system frequently occur in endocrine cancers and may have a role in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression and resistance to therapies. Herein, we will review studies indicating a role of IGF system dysregulation in endocrine cancers and will discuss the possible implications of these findings for tumor prevention and treatment, with a major focus on cancers from the thyroid, adrenal, and ovary, which are the most extensively studied.

Endocrine control of smoltification in anadromous salmonids

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Barron
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Glands ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Regulatory Ability ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Thyroid Axis ◽  
Recent Attention ◽  
Endocrine Tissues

ABSTRACT The parr–smolt transformation (smoltification) of juvenile anadromous salmonids involves a morphological, physiological and behavioural metamorphosis of the fish from a freshwater-adapted form to a saltwater-adapted form. Several endocrine glands are activated during the period of smoltification, including pituitary, thyroid, and interrenal tissues. The pituitary-thyroid axis appears to be the endocrine system most directly involved in controlling smoltification. A plasma thyroid hormone surge occurs during smoltification which appears to influence various tissues and other endocrine systems, and to induce the well-documented developmental changes associated with smoltification. The pituitary-interrenal axis has been implicated in several smoltification-related events, including development of hypo-osmotic regulatory ability. A plasma cortisol surge closely follows the thyroid hormone surge during smoltification, but in contrast to anuran metamorphosis, the peaks do not coincide. Despite recent attention, the role of the corticosteroids in development of hypo-osmotic regulatory ability remains unclear. The other endocrine tissues of the salmonids appear to be acting trophically with the thyroid hormones, or to have little involvement in the control of smoltification. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 313–319

scholarly journals From molecule to market: steroid hormones and financial risk-taking

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1538) ◽  
pp. 331-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coates ◽  
Mark Gurnell ◽  
Zoltan Sarnyai
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Financial Decision ◽  
Asset Managers

Little is known about the role of the endocrine system in financial decision-making. Here, we survey research on steroid hormones and their cognitive effects, and examine potential links to trader performance in the financial markets. Preliminary findings suggest that cortisol codes for risk and testosterone for reward. A key finding of this endocrine research is the different cognitive effects of acute versus chronic exposure to hormones: acutely elevated steroids may optimize performance on a range of tasks; but chronically elevated steroids may promote irrational risk-reward choices. We present a hypothesis suggesting that the irrational exuberance and pessimism observed during market bubbles and crashes may be mediated by steroid hormones. If hormones can exaggerate market moves, then perhaps the age and sex composition among traders and asset managers may affect the level of instability witnessed in the financial markets.

scholarly journals V. N. Babichev. Neuroendocrine Regulation of the Reproductive System

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-47
Author(s):  
N. P. Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Gonadotropic Function ◽  
Central Origin ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
The Relationship

The problems raised by V. N. Babichev in this monograph on deciphering the central mechanisms of regulation of the pituitary gonadotropic function occupy one of the main places among other issues of neuroendocrinology. To study the sequence of events in neuroendocrine processes that contribute to the preovulatory release of luteinizing hormone is a very complicated but necessary task. In the last decade, neuroendocrinologists are no longer satisfied with a fairly well-studied system of the relationship between gonadaliberin - gonadotropins and sex steroids. The essential role of monoamines of central origin in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, which show their function through luliberins, is shown. Experimenters and clinicians now have rich material that deepens and significantly changes our understanding of the neuroendocrine control of the reproductive system. These literature data in combination with prof. V.N. Babicheva demanded their generalization, which was perfectly done in the peer-reviewed monograph. A comprehensive approach to the study of the entire reproductive function control system, carried out in the laboratory of physiology of the endocrine system of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, starting from the period of early ontogenesis, made it possible to specify the role of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the regulation of the pituitary gonadotropic function, to determine the point of their application in the hypothalamus , the direction of the response from gonadotropins depending on the level of sex hormones in the blood. The starting role of norepinephrine in the mechanism of ovulatory release of gonadotropins has been established, while the main point of its application is the preoptic region. The main point of application of dopamine is the area of ​​the mediobasal hypothalamus, or rather, the arcuate core.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

Improving the questions we ask, with Psychology and Cognitive Conflict.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Buttliere
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Science In Society

Over the last decade, there have been many suggestions to improve how scientists answer their questions, but far fewer attempt to improve the questions scientists are asking in the first place. The goal of the paper is then to examine and summarize synthesize the evidence on how to ask the best questions possible. First is a brief review of the philosophical and empirical literature on how the best science is done, which implicitly but not explicitly mentions the role of psychology and especially cognitive conflict. Then we more closely focus on the psychology of the scientist, finding that they are humans, engaged in a meaning making process, and that cognitive conflict is a necessary input for any learning or change in the system. The scientific method is, of course, a specialized meaning making process. We present evidence for this central role of cognitive conflict in science by examining the most discussed scientific papers between 2013 and 2017, which are, in general, controversial and about big problems (e.g., whether vaccines cause autism, how often doctors kill us with their mistakes). Toward the end we discuss the role of science in society, suggesting science itself is an uncertainty reducing and problem solving enterprise. From this basis we encourage scientists to take riskier stances on bigger topics, for the good of themselves and society generally.

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