On Ligature of the Vas Deferens in the Cat and Researches on the Efferent Ducts of the Testis in Cat, Rat and Mouse

1928 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
J. T. CUNNINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Efferent Ducts ◽  
Normal Spermatogenesis ◽  
Perfectly Normal

In Rodents the inguinal canal is represented by a wide opening and the testis can be retracted into the abdomen. In the cat and other Carnivora the inguinal canal is open but narrow, and retraction is not possible. The operation of vasectomy was performed on a cat which was killed 104 days after the operation. Anatomical and microscopic examination of the testis of the operated side showed perfectly normal spermatogenesis. In the rat and mouse the epididymis is connected with the testis by a membrane of some width in which the vasa efferentia are contained, and a ligature can be passed round them. In-the cat the epididymis is closely attached to the testis and the vasa cannot be separately ligatured.

Localization of Immune Complexes in the Basement Membrane of the Ductuli Efferentes of the Rhesus Monkey

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 456-457
Author(s):  
D. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Immune Complex ◽  
Immune Complexes ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Efferent Ducts ◽  
Complex Deposition ◽  
Sperm Antibodies

As a result of vasectomy, spermatozoa are confined to the epididymis and vas deferens, where they degenerate, releasing antigens that enter the circulation or are engulfed by macrophages. Multiple antigens of the sperm can elicit production of autoantibodies; circulating anti-sperm antibodies are found in a large percentage of vasectomized men, indicating the immunogenicity of the sperm. The increased prevalence of macrophages in the liomen of the rhesus monkey testicular efferent ducts after vasectomy led to further study of this region. Frozen sections were used for evaluation of immunopathological status by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein-conjugated antibody. Subsequent granular deposits of immune complexes were revealed by positive immunofluorescence staining for complement. The immune complex deposition in the basement membrane surrounding the efferent ducts implies that this region is involved in antigen leakage (Fig. 1).

scholarly journals Testicular–Epididymal Dissociation: Vas and Vessels May “Lead up the Garden Path”

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. e96-e99
Author(s):  
Eleni Papageorgiou ◽  
Alberto Mantovani ◽  
Elena Monti ◽  
Caroline Brain ◽  
Naima Smeulders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Laparoscopy ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Internal Inguinal Ring ◽  
Anatomical Variant ◽  
Garden Path ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Records

The vas deferens and spermatic vessels entering the inguinal canal through the internal inguinal ring is thought to exclude an intra-abdominal testis. We present a case of high bilateral intra-abdominal testes on a 46,XY boy despite the vas deferens and good-sized vessels passing through the deep rings.Data were collected from clinical records, radiology (ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and endocrine blood tests.This case underlines the importance of following the pathway of embryological descent of the testis cranially as well as caudally during diagnostic laparoscopy, to avoid missing this rare anatomical variant.

Experiments on Artificial Cryptorchidism and Ligature of the Vas Deferens in Mammals

1927 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-341
Author(s):  
J. T. CUNNINGHAM
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Normal Spermatogenesis ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
Lower Temperature

Observations are recorded showing that the temperature of the scrotal cavity is lower than that within the abdomen. An experiment is described in which the testis was displaced from the scrotal cavity to the abdominal cavity, and after 3 weeks the seminal tubules were found to be reduced in size and their contents degenerate with no spermatogenesis, while the interstitial tissue was relatively increased. Experiments are recorded in which ligature of the vas deferens was carried out and after 6 weeks the contents of the seminal tubules showed the stages of normal spermatogenesis. These and similar results obtained by Moore and others are interpreted as showing that although a lower temperature is essential for spermatogenesis in Mammals, it is not correct to state that the maintenance of this lower temperature is the function of the scrotum and that this was essential for the evolution of Mammals. The adaptation of spermatogenesis to temperature is the consequence of the evolution of the scrotum, which was due to causes independent of the function of the testes. My results do not support Steinach's theory that rejuvenation depends on increase of the interstitial cells of the testis, and that this increase can be produced by ligature of the vas deferens.

Testicular regulation and sub-cellular distribution of zinc in the epididymis and vas deferens of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Srivastava ◽  
A. R. Chowdhury ◽  
B. S. Setty
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Nuclear Fraction ◽  
Efferent Ducts ◽  
Mitochondrial Fractions ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract. The zinc concentration in the epididymis (caput, corpus and cauda regions), vas deferens and caudal lobe of prostate of adult rhesus monkeys was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Zinc content (μg/g wet weight) was found to be maximum in the prostate (709 μg followed by epididymis and vas deferens. The three segments of the epididymis did not differ from one another in their zinc content (165–177 μg). On a protein basis maximum concentration of zinc was present in the nuclear fraction followed by microsomal, cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions in that order. Ligation of testicular efferent ducts or castration 90 days prior to autopsy caused a marked reduction in zinc concentration in different sub-cellular fractions of the organs examined; castration was relatively more effective in this regard. The importance of androgen and other testicular products in controlling zinc content and the possible physiological role of zinc in the male genital tract are discussed.

THE EFFECT OF EFFERENT DUCT LIGATION ON THE UPTAKE OF 65Zn BY THE EPIDIDYMIS AND VAS DEFERENS OF RHESUS MONKEYS (MACACA MULATTA)

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Roy ◽  
B. S. Setty ◽  
Harish Chandra ◽  
Amiya B. Kar
Keyword(s):  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Efferent Duct ◽  
Efferent Ducts ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Duct Ligation ◽  
Different Parts

ABSTRACT The uptake of 65Zn by different segments of the epididymis (caput, proximal corpus, distal corpus and cauda) and vas deferens of rhesus monkeys was investigated. The vas showed maximum accumulation as compared to different parts of the epididymis. Ligation of the efferent ducts of the testis for 90 days resulted in the absence of sperms with a corresponding decrease in 65Zn uptake in the epididymis and vas deferens. The latter, however, continued to show a relatively higher uptake than the epididymis. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Immunolocalization of aquaporins 1, 2 and 7 in rete testis, efferent ducts, epididymis and vas deferens of adult dog

2008 ◽  
Vol 332 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Fantin Domeniconi ◽  
Antonio Marcos Orsi ◽  
Luis Antonio Justulin ◽  
Célia Cristina Leme Beu ◽  
Sérgio Luis Felisbino
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Rete Testis ◽  
Efferent Ducts

scholarly journals Gene expression in the efferent ducts, epididymis, and vas deferens during embryonic development of the mouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 239 (9) ◽  
pp. 2479-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Snyder ◽  
Christopher L. Small ◽  
Daniela Bomgardner ◽  
Bingfang Xu ◽  
Ryan Evanoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Efferent Ducts

Na+/H+-exchange activity and immunolocalization of NHE3 in rat epididymis

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. F426-F436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Bagnis ◽  
Mireille Marsolais ◽  
Daniel Biemesderfer ◽  
Raynald Laprade ◽  
Sylvie Breton
Keyword(s):  
Initial Segment ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Proton Secretion ◽  
Efferent Ducts ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Rat Epididymis ◽  
Cauda Epididymidis ◽  
Exchange Activity

An acidic luminal pH in the epididymis and vas deferens (VD) helps maintain mature sperm in an immotile state during storage. We have previously shown that the majority of proton secretion in the VD is due to the activity of the vacuolar H+-ATPase. Acidification is dependent on luminal sodium in more proximal regions of the epididymis, and we examined the distribution of the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE3, by immunofluorescence and measured Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) activity in isolated epididymal tubules. NHE3 was detected in the apical pole of nonciliated cells of the efferent ducts and principal cells (PC) of the epididymis. No staining was seen in the distal cauda epididymidis and the VD. Isolated tubules from the distal initial segment (DIS) and proximal cauda epididymidis were perfused in vitro and loaded with the pH-sensitive dye 2′,7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6′)-carboxyfluorescein. Ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA) (50 μM) reduced the initial rate of intracellular pH recovery (dpHi/d t), in response to an acute acid load, by 51% and 45% in the DIS and cauda epididymidis, respectively. In the DIS, removal of luminal sodium reduced dpHi/d t by 52%. HOE694 (50 μM) inhibited all EIPA-sensitive dpHi/d t in the DIS, despite the previously reported absence of NHE2 in this region (Cheng Chew SB, Leung GPH, Leung PY, Tse CM, and Wong PYD, Biol Reprod 62: 755–758, 2000). These data indicate that HOE694- and EIPA-sensitive Na+/H+ exchange may participate, together with the H+-ATPase, in luminal acidification in the male excurrent duct.

Partial duplication of the vas deferens at the level of inguinal canal

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
FERRUH AKAY ◽  
FATIH ATUG ◽  
LEVENT TURKERI
Keyword(s):  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Inguinal Canal ◽  
Partial Duplication
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