scholarly journals Temperature effects on metabolic scaling of a keystone freshwater crustacean depend on fish-predation regime

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (21) ◽  
pp. jeb232322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Glazier ◽  
Jeffrey P. Gring ◽  
Jacob R. Holsopple ◽  
Vojsava Gjoni
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Habitat Differences ◽  
Fish Predators

ABSTRACTAccording to the metabolic theory of ecology, metabolic rate, an important indicator of the pace of life, varies with body mass and temperature as a result of internal physical constraints. However, various ecological factors may also affect metabolic rate and its scaling with body mass. Although reports of such effects on metabolic scaling usually focus on single factors, the possibility of significant interactive effects between multiple factors requires further study. In this study, we show that the effect of temperature on the ontogenetic scaling of resting metabolic rate of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus minus depends critically on habitat differences in predation regime. Increasing temperature tends to cause decreases in the metabolic scaling exponent (slope) in population samples from springs with fish predators, but increases in population samples from springs without fish. Accordingly, the temperature sensitivity of metabolic rate is not only size-specific, but also its relationship to body size shifts dramatically in response to fish predators. We hypothesize that the dampened effect of temperature on the metabolic rate of large adults in springs with fish, and of small juveniles in springs without fish are adaptive evolutionary responses to differences in the relative mortality risk of adults and juveniles in springs with versus without fish predators. Our results demonstrate a complex interaction among metabolic rate, body mass, temperature and predation regime. The intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate with body mass and temperature is not merely the result of physical constraints related to internal body design and biochemical kinetics, but rather is ecologically sensitive and evolutionarily malleable.

scholarly journals Effects of temperature on metabolic scaling in black carp

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9242
Author(s):  
Qian Li ◽  
Xiaoling Zhu ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Yanqiu Zhu ◽  
Jianghui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The surface area (SA) of organs and cells may vary with temperature, which changes the SA exchange limitation on metabolic flows as well as the influence of temperature on metabolic scaling. The effect of SA change can intensify (when the effect is the same as that of temperature) or compensate for (when the effect is the opposite of that of temperature) the negative effects of temperature on metabolic scaling, which can result in multiple patterns of metabolic scaling with temperature among species. The present study aimed to examine whether metabolic scaling in black carp changes with temperature and to identify the link between metabolic scaling and SA at the organ and cellular levels at different temperatures. The resting metabolic rate (RMR), gill surface area (GSA) and red blood cell (RBC) size of black carp with different body masses were measured at 10 °C and 25 °C, and the scaling exponents of these parameters were compared. The results showed that both body mass and temperature independently affected the RMR, GSA and RBC size of black carp. A consistent scaling exponent of RMR (0.764, 95% CI [0.718–0.809]) was obtained for both temperatures. The RMR at 25 °C was 2.7 times higher than that at 10 °C. At both temperatures, the GSA scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.802 (95% CI [0.759–0.846]), while RBC size scaled consistently with body mass by an exponent of 0.042 (95% CI [0.010–0.075]). The constant GSA scaling can explain the constant metabolic scaling as temperature increases, as metabolism may be constrained by fluxes across surfaces. The GSA at 10 °C was 1.2 times higher than that at 25 °C, which suggests that the constraints of GSA on the metabolism of black carp is induced by the higher temperature. The RBC size at 10 °C was 1.1 times higher than that at 25 °C. The smaller RBC size (a larger surface-to-volume ratio) at higher temperature suggests an enhanced oxygen supply and a reduced surface boundary limit on bR, which offset the negative effect of temperature on bR.

scholarly journals Fast ontogenetic growth drives steep evolutionary scaling of metabolic rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Norin
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Natural Mortality ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Scaling Relationship ◽  
Selection For

Metabolic rate (MR) changes with body mass (BM) as MR = aBMb, where a is a normalisation constant (log–log intercept) and b the scaling exponent (log–log slope). This scaling relationship is fundamental to biology and widely applied, yet a century of research has provided little consensus on why and how steeply metabolic rate scales with body mass. I here show that ontogenetic (within-individual) b can be strongly and positively related to growth rates of juvenile fish when food availability is naturally restricted, with fast growing individuals having steep and near-isometric metabolic scaling (b ≈ 1). I suggest that the steep evolutionary (among-species) scaling also found for fishes (b also approaching 1) is a by-product of natural selection for these fast growing individuals early in ontogeny, and that a weaker relationship between metabolic scaling and growth later in life causes variation in b at lower taxonomic levels (within orders or species). I support these ideas by showing that b within fish orders is linked to natural mortality rates of fish larvae.

scholarly journals Allometry of mitochondrial efficiency is set by metabolic intensity

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1911) ◽  
pp. 20191693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boël Mélanie ◽  
Romestaing Caroline ◽  
Voituron Yann ◽  
Roussel Damien
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria ◽  
Metabolic Intensity ◽  
Mitochondrial Efficiency

Metabolic activity sets the rates of individual resource uptake from the environment and resource allocations. For this reason, the relationship with body size has been heavily documented from ecosystems to cells. Until now, most of the studies used the fluxes of oxygen as a proxy of energy output without knowledge of the efficiency of biological systems to convert oxygen into ATP. The aim of this study was to examine the allometry of coupling efficiency (ATP/O) of skeletal muscle mitochondria isolated from 12 mammal species ranging from 6 g to 550 kg. Mitochondrial efficiencies were measured at different steady states of phosphorylation. The efficiencies increased sharply at higher metabolic rates. We have shown that body mass dependence of mitochondrial efficiency depends on metabolic intensity in skeletal muscles of mammals. Mitochondrial efficiency positively depends on body mass when mitochondria are close to the basal metabolic rate; however, the efficiency is independent of body mass at the maximum metabolic rate. As a result, it follows that large mammals exhibit a faster dynamic increase in ATP/O than small species when mitochondria shift from basal to maximal activities. Finally, the invariant value of maximal coupling efficiency across mammal species could partly explain why scaling exponent values are very close to 1 at maximal metabolic rates.

scholarly journals Organ-Tissue Level Model of Resting Energy Expenditure Across Mammals: New Insights into Kleiber's Law

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZiMian Wang ◽  
Junyi Zhang ◽  
Zhiliang Ying ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Kleiber’S Law ◽  
Resting Energy

Background. Kleiber’s law describes the quantitative association between whole-body resting energy expenditure (REE, in kcal/d) and body mass (M, in kg) across mature mammals as REE =70.0×M0.75. The basis of this empirical function is uncertain. Objectives. The study objective was to establish an organ-tissue level REE model across mammals and to explore the body composition and physiologic basis of Kleiber’s law. Design. We evaluated the hypothesis that REE in mature mammals can be predicted by a combination of two variables: the mass of individual organs/tissues and their corresponding specific resting metabolic rates. Data on the mass of organs with high metabolic rate (i.e., liver, brain, heart, and kidneys) for 111 species ranging in body mass from 0.0075 (shrew) to 6650 kg (elephant) were obtained from a literature review. Results. REEp predicted by the organ-tissue level model was correlated with body mass (correlation r=0.9975) and resulted in the function REEp=66.33×M0.754, with a coefficient and scaling exponent, respectively, close to 70.0 and 0.75 (P>0.05) as observed by Kleiber. There were no differences between REEp and REEk calculated by Kleiber’s law; REEp was correlated (r=0.9994) with REEk. The mass-specific REEp, that is, (REE/M)p, was correlated with body mass (r=0.9779) with a scaling exponent −0.246, close to −0.25 as observed with Kleiber’s law. Conclusion. Our findings provide new insights into the organ/tissue energetic components of Kleiber’s law. The observed large rise in REE and lowering of REE/M from shrew to elephant can be explained by corresponding changes in organ/tissue mass and associated specific metabolic rate.

scholarly journals Metabolic scaling has diversified among species, despite an evolutionary constraint within species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian E. Beaman ◽  
Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos ◽  
Keyne Monro ◽  
Matthew D. Hall ◽  
Craig R. White
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Lineage Diversification

AbstractMetabolic rate scales disproportionally with body mass, such that the energetic cost of living is relatively lower in larger organisms. Theory emphasises the importance of fixed physical constraints on metabolic scaling, yet empirical data are lacking with which to assess how evolutionary processes (e.g. mutation, drift, selection) contribute to the observed variation in metabolic scaling across the tree of life. Using a large-scale quantitative genetic study of growth in cockroaches, we show that ontogenetic metabolic scaling is evolutionarily constrained due to an absence of additive genetic variation in juvenile metabolic rate and mass. Using a phylogenetic analysis, we also show that ontogenetic metabolic scaling is more similar among closely related species than among distant relatives, suggesting that the constraints on metabolic scaling are subject to change during lineage diversification. Our results are consistent with growing evidence that there is strong stabilising selection on combinations of mass and metabolic rate within species.

Dimensional analysis does not determine a mass exponent for metabolic scaling

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (1) ◽  
pp. R195-R199 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Butler ◽  
H. A. Feldman ◽  
J. J. Fredberg
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Mass Scaling ◽  
The Relationship

In several recent article, Heusner used dimensional reasoning to derive important biological conclusions regarding the scaling of metabolism with body mass [Respir. Physiol. 48: 13-25, 1982; J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 867-873, 1983; Am. J. Physiol. 246 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 15): R839-R845, 1984]. We demonstrate errors in the derivation and show that dimensional analysis, correctly applied, not only fails to determine the mass scaling exponent but also fails to constrain the relationship to a power law at all.

scholarly journals Allometry (scaling) of blood components in mammals: connection with economy of energy?

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 890-899 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kjeld ◽  
Ö. Ólafsson
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Blood Components ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Leg Muscles

Hematocrit (HCT), blood hemoglobin (HGB), and serum concentrations of 14 commonly measured serum constituents in mammals were extracted from 131 publications published within the last 35 years and then subjected to allometric study (Y = aWb, where Y is the characteristic studied, W is body mass, and b is the scaling exponent). HCT and HGB values decreased (b < 0; p < 0.001) with body mass (W), as did serum K+, glucose, triglycerides, and urea values. In contrast, serum total protein and creatinine values increased (b > 0; p < 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively) with W. The associations of HCT, HGB, glucose, triglycerides, and urea values with W may be assumed to coincide with the well-known reduction of metabolic rate per unit mass with increasing W of mammals. The decrease in serum K+values (p < 0.001) has yet to be adequately explained. Despite the ratio of muscle mass and W being constant for large and small mammals, serum values of creatinine rose (b = 0.14; p < 0.0001) with W. This suggests increased phosphocreatine turnover in muscles with W, which in turn might be connected to the increased efficiency reported for leg muscles in larger animals and, conceivably, might affect the measurement of metabolic rate and hence its scaling in mammals.

scholarly journals Shape shifting predicts ontogenetic changes in metabolic scaling in diverse aquatic invertebrates

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20142302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S. Glazier ◽  
Andrew G. Hirst ◽  
David Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Aquatic Invertebrates ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Scaling Theory ◽  
Routine Metabolic Rate ◽  
Scaling Exponent ◽  
Power Scaling ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Ontogenetic Shifts ◽  
Metabolic Scaling Theory

Metabolism fuels all biological activities, and thus understanding its variation is fundamentally important. Much of this variation is related to body size, which is commonly believed to follow a 3/4-power scaling law. However, during ontogeny, many kinds of animals and plants show marked shifts in metabolic scaling that deviate from 3/4-power scaling predicted by general models. Here, we show that in diverse aquatic invertebrates, ontogenetic shifts in the scaling of routine metabolic rate from near isometry ( b R = scaling exponent approx. 1) to negative allometry ( b R < 1), or the reverse, are associated with significant changes in body shape (indexed by b L = the scaling exponent of the relationship between body mass and body length). The observed inverse correlations between b R and b L are predicted by metabolic scaling theory that emphasizes resource/waste fluxes across external body surfaces, but contradict theory that emphasizes resource transport through internal networks. Geometric estimates of the scaling of surface area (SA) with body mass ( b A ) further show that ontogenetic shifts in b R and b A are positively correlated. These results support new metabolic scaling theory based on SA influences that may be applied to ontogenetic shifts in b R shown by many kinds of animals and plants.

scholarly journals Effects of metabolic level on the body size scaling of metabolic rate in birds and mammals

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1641) ◽  
pp. 1405-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas S Glazier
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Metabolic Scaling ◽  
Physical Constraints ◽  
Universal Scaling ◽  
Scaling Relationships ◽  
Using Data

Metabolic rate is traditionally assumed to scale with body mass to the 3/4-power, but significant deviations from the ‘3/4-power law’ have been observed for several different taxa of animals and plants, and for different physiological states. The recently proposed ‘metabolic-level boundaries hypothesis’ represents one of the attempts to explain this variation. It predicts that the power (log–log slope) of metabolic scaling relationships should vary between 2/3 and 1, in a systematic way with metabolic level. Here, this hypothesis is tested using data from birds and mammals. As predicted, in both of these independently evolved endothermic taxa, the scaling slope approaches 1 at the lowest and highest metabolic levels (as observed during torpor and strenuous exercise, respectively), whereas it is near 2/3 at intermediate resting and cold-induced metabolic levels. Remarkably, both taxa show similar, approximately U-shaped relationships between the scaling slope and the metabolic (activity) level. These predictable patterns strongly support the view that variation of the scaling slope is not merely noise obscuring the signal of a universal scaling law, but rather is the result of multiple physical constraints whose relative influence depends on the metabolic state of the organisms being analysed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document