scholarly journals Morphogenesis and growth of the definitive opisthonephros during metamorphosis of anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
E. C. Ooi ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Tissue Differentiation ◽  
Ventral Part ◽  
Renal Corpuscle ◽  
Adult Lamprey

The definitive opisthonephros of the adult lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., develops during metamorphosis from the nephrogenic cord confined within a nephric fold and extending from the posterior tip of the larval opisthonephros to the cloaca. This development is initiated prior to the first signs of external metamorphosis and begins with the simultaneous appearance of clusters of cells scattered along the entire length of the cord. Proliferation of these cell clusters and their elongation to connect to the closely associated archinephric duct results in the formation of rudimentary nephron units. Subsequent development involves the formation of tubular lumina, branching of the tubules, and the participation of the proximal ends of the newly formed tubules in the formation of the single renal corpuscle. Growth in size of the kidney is the result of lengthening of the existing tubules through cell proliferation rather than through the addition of new nephrons. This growth appears to be at the expense of adipose tissue within the nephric fold. During later stages of metamorphosis, cell proliferation is more prevalent in the ventral part of the nephric fold where a parallel system of tubules develops. The development of the definitive opisthonephros during metamorphosis of lamprey may prove to be a useful model for further studies of tissue differentiation and interaction during kidney development in vertebrates.

An Investigation of the Electrical "Spike" Potentials Produced by the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Water Surrounding the Head Region

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kleerekoper ◽  
Kira Sibakin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gill Opening ◽  
Adult Lamprey

In the water surrounding the head of Petromyzon marinus electric triphasic spike potentials can be recorded which recur rhythmically at 0.4-second intervals and are synchronous with the externally visible movement of respiration. At a distance of 15 to 20 mm. from the animal, above the eye region, the potentials are from 200–300 μv in an adult lamprey, in fresh water. The electric field produced by these potentials extends several centimeters frontwards of the head depending on experimental conditions and factors now being studied. Posterior to the gill openings the potentials taper off sharply and no spikes could be recorded 50–70 mm. posterior to the last gill opening. The field is symmetrical around the longitudinal axis of the animal under the experimental conditions described. Strychnine and cocaine do not affect the characteristics of the spikes but curare decreases their potential considerably, depending on amounts injected and the condition of the experimental animal. Light conditions do not affect the production of the spikes. The possible function of the electric field for the sea lamprey is discussed.

Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickard Bjerselius ◽  
Weiming Li ◽  
John H Teeter ◽  
James G Seelye ◽  
Peter B Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Larval Pheromone ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Life Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince P. Mathai ◽  
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Sea lamprey (SL; Petromyzon marinus), one of the oldest living vertebrates, have a complex metamorphic life cycle. Following hatching, SL transition into a microphagous, sediment burrowing larval stage, and after 2–10+ years, the larvae undergo a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming into parasitic juveniles that feed on blood and bodily fluids of fishes; adult lamprey cease feeding, spawn, and die. Since gut microbiota are critical for the overall health of all animals, we examined the microbiota associated with SLs in each life history stage. We show that there were significant differences in the gut bacterial communities associated with the larval, parasitic juvenile, and adult life stages. The transition from larval to the parasitic juvenile stage was marked with a significant shift in bacterial community structure and reduction in alpha diversity. The most abundant SL-associated phyla were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their relative abundances varying among the stages. Moreover, while larval SL were enriched with unclassified Fusobacteriaceae, unclassified Verrucomicrobiales and Cetobacterium, members of the genera with fastidious nutritional requirements, such as Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Cutibacterium, Veillonella, and Massilia, were three to four orders of magnitude greater in juveniles than in larvae. In contrast, adult SLs were enriched with Aeromonas, Iodobacter, Shewanella, and Flavobacterium. Collectively, our findings show that bacterial communities in the SL gut are dramatically different among its life stages. Understanding how these communities change over time within and among SL life stages may shed more light on the role that these gut microbes play in host growth and fitness.

The developing nephron of the sea lamprey during metamorphosis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 474-475
Author(s):  
E. C. Ooi ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Undifferentiated Cell ◽  
Renal Corpuscle ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Visceral Layer ◽  
Original Point

The definitive opisthonephric kidneys of lamprey each contains a single renal corpuscle with multiple nephric capsules surrounding a single compound glomerulus (glomus), which extends the length of the kidney. Each nephric capsule possesses a visceral layer of podocytes and a parietal layer continuous with the tubular epithelium. The development of these renal corpuscles and proximal portions of the tubules in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis was studied using electron microscopy.The nephron rudiments of the definitive opisthonephros arose as condensations of undifferentiated cell mass (Fig. 1) closely associated with the peritoneum. The differentiation of nephron rudiments along the entire nephrogenic cord was initiated synchronously at the onset of metamorphosis resulting in a series of rudimentary nephron units (RNU) which formed connections with the archinephric duct. The branching of RNU gave rise to secondary and tertiary rudimentary nephrons which radiated semicircularly from the original point of attachment to the peritoneum.

A quantitative comparison of the kidneys of the landlocked sea lamprey of the Great Lakes and the anadromous sea lamprey of the Atlantic, Petromyzon marinus L.

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447-1455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Youson ◽  
S. J. Hansen ◽  
I. M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Renal Corpuscle ◽  
Filtration Surface

The length and cross-sectional area of the kidneys and the elongate renal corpuscles in both marine and freshwater lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., increase proportionately as the animal increases in length. The paired kidneys are seldom identical, with one kidney usually longer and of greater cross-sectional area. Marine males demonstrate a larger cross-sectional area of their kidneys and renal corpuscles compared with marine females of similar size. The cross-sectional areas of the renal corpuscles of freshwater and marine animals are not significantly different and hence the amount of filtration surface is the same in the kidneys of both groups of animals. The evolution of the renal corpuscle and the involvement of this structure in osmoregulation in lampreys is discussed.

Early Trend Determination of Organochlorine Contamination from Residue Ratios in the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and its Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Host

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L. E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Chemical Contaminant ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Adult Lamprey ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree

A detailed statistical evaluation of the levels of organochlorine contaminants in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and simultaneously caught lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from the northern parts of Lakes Huron and Michigan is described. The analysis of residue ratios, both within each species and between, allows an immediate recognition of rising and falling trends of contamination with a high degree of confidence. This improvement over the conventional method of monitoring one species over several years is accomplished with comparatively little effort in sampling and chemical contaminant analysis. The described technique exploits the unique biological relationship of the lamprey and its host and is also based on the significantly shorter lifespan of the (adult) lamprey compared to that of the host. Rising trends in PCB and DDE contamination and declining trends for the levels of DDT, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlorepoxide, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane were observed in 1978, the year of collection.Key words: organochlorine, contamination, trend, ratio, Petromyzon marinus, Coregonus clupeaformis

Transformation of the interlamellar epithelium of the gills of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., during metamorphosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318-1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Peek ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Chloride Cells ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Intermediate Cells

The interlamellar areas of the gills of the anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, undergo structural modification during the process of metamorphosis of larvae to young adults. The initial changes involve a degeneration of presumed ion-absorptive superficial cells of the larvae and this is followed by a differentiation of adult-type chloride cells presumably from intermediate cells. Adult-type chloride cells are characterized primarily by the presence of an extensive tubular reticulum, which is continuous with lateral and basal plasma membranes. The tubules first appear in peripheral regions of intermediate cells and subsequent development involves a proliferation of the tubules toward the interior of the cell. Autoradiography with [3H]thymidine indicates that extensive DNA synthesis occurs synchronously in the interlamellar basal cells throughout the gill filaments. This DNA synthesis and division of both basal and intermediate cells is most common immediately preceding the first appearance of immature chloride cells. This suggests that cells are produced in apparent anticipation of a requirement for adult-type chloride cells and that they subsequently differentiate. The timing of differentiation of chloride cells is well correlated with developmental changes in other organs during metamorphosis.

Structure of the conus arteriosus and ventral aorta in the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa: microfibrils, a major component

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2445-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda M. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Elastic Fibre ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Primitive Form ◽  
Myxine Glutinosa ◽  
Ventral Aorta ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Light and electron microscopic observations of the conus arteriosus (CA) and ventral aorta (VA) of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, and the Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, reveal the presence of a unique form of fibrous extracellular matrix within their media and an unusual type of connective tissue forming the lateral subendothelial distensions found only in the lamprey CA. The extracellular matrix of the media in lamprey and hagfish CA and VA is characterized by large concentrations of tubular, elastic fibrelike microfibrils 11–17 nm in diameter. No elastic fibrelike elastin component could be found. Collagen fibrils, matrix granules, and intergranular filaments make up the remainder of the matrix. The loose connective tissue composing the lateral distensions of the larval and adult lamprey CA contains ultrastructural features similar to those of lamprey mucocartilage. It is speculated that since lampreys and hagfish are living representatives of the most primitive group of vertebrates, the microfibrils present in their major arteries may represent a primitive form of elastic fibre in which elastin has not yet developed. The functional significance of the extracellular microfibrils in the CA and VA of lamprey and hagfish and the occurrence of lateral distensions in the lamprey CA are discussed.

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