Early Trend Determination of Organochlorine Contamination from Residue Ratios in the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and its Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Host

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L. E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Chemical Contaminant ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Biological Relationship ◽  
Adult Lamprey ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree

A detailed statistical evaluation of the levels of organochlorine contaminants in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and simultaneously caught lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from the northern parts of Lakes Huron and Michigan is described. The analysis of residue ratios, both within each species and between, allows an immediate recognition of rising and falling trends of contamination with a high degree of confidence. This improvement over the conventional method of monitoring one species over several years is accomplished with comparatively little effort in sampling and chemical contaminant analysis. The described technique exploits the unique biological relationship of the lamprey and its host and is also based on the significantly shorter lifespan of the (adult) lamprey compared to that of the host. Rising trends in PCB and DDE contamination and declining trends for the levels of DDT, dieldrin, endrin, chlordane, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlorepoxide, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane were observed in 1978, the year of collection.Key words: organochlorine, contamination, trend, ratio, Petromyzon marinus, Coregonus clupeaformis

An Investigation of the Electrical "Spike" Potentials Produced by the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Water Surrounding the Head Region

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kleerekoper ◽  
Kira Sibakin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Gill Opening ◽  
Adult Lamprey

In the water surrounding the head of Petromyzon marinus electric triphasic spike potentials can be recorded which recur rhythmically at 0.4-second intervals and are synchronous with the externally visible movement of respiration. At a distance of 15 to 20 mm. from the animal, above the eye region, the potentials are from 200–300 μv in an adult lamprey, in fresh water. The electric field produced by these potentials extends several centimeters frontwards of the head depending on experimental conditions and factors now being studied. Posterior to the gill openings the potentials taper off sharply and no spikes could be recorded 50–70 mm. posterior to the last gill opening. The field is symmetrical around the longitudinal axis of the animal under the experimental conditions described. Strychnine and cocaine do not affect the characteristics of the spikes but curare decreases their potential considerably, depending on amounts injected and the condition of the experimental animal. Light conditions do not affect the production of the spikes. The possible function of the electric field for the sea lamprey is discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the Lake Michigan food web, 1970–2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 736-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles P Madenjian ◽  
Gary L Fahnenstiel ◽  
Thomas H Johengen ◽  
Thomas F Nalepa ◽  
Henry A Vanderploeg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Web ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis

Herein, we document changes in the Lake Michigan food web between 1970 and 2000 and identify the factors responsible for these changes. Control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) populations in Lake Michigan, beginning in the 1950s and 1960s, had profound effects on the food web. Recoveries of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and burbot (Lota lota) populations, as well as the buildup of salmonine populations, were attributable, at least in part, to sea lamprey control. Based on our analyses, predation by salmonines was primarily responsible for the reduction in alewife abundance during the 1970s and early 1980s. In turn, the decrease in alewife abundance likely contributed to recoveries of deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsoni), yellow perch (Perca flavescens), and burbot populations during the 1970s and 1980s. Decrease in the abundance of all three dominant benthic macroinvertebrate groups, including Diporeia, oligochaetes, and sphaeriids, during the 1980s in nearshore waters ([Formula: see text]50 m deep) of Lake Michigan, was attributable to a decrease in primary production linked to a decline in phosphorus loadings. Continued decrease in Diporeia abundance during the 1990s was associated with the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) invasion, but specific mechanisms for zebra mussels affecting Diporeia abundance remain unidentified.

Direct behavioral evidence that unique bile acids released by larval sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) function as a migratory pheromone

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickard Bjerselius ◽  
Weiming Li ◽  
John H Teeter ◽  
James G Seelye ◽  
Peter B Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Larval Pheromone ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Four behavioral experiments conducted in both the laboratory and the field provide evidence that adult sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) select spawning rivers based on the odor of larvae that they contain and that bile acids released by the larvae are part of this pheromonal odor. First, when tested in a recirculating maze, migratory adult lamprey spent more time in water scented with larvae. However, when fully mature, adults lost their responsiveness to larvae and preferred instead the odor of mature individuals. Second, when tested in a flowing stream, migratory adults swam upstream more actively when the water was scented with larvae. Third, when migratory adults were tested in a laboratory maze containing still water, they exhibited enhanced swimming activity in the presence of a 0.1 nM concentration of the two unique bile acids released by larvae and detected by adult lamprey. Fourth, when adults were exposed to this bile acid mixture within flowing waters, they actively swam into it. Taken together, these data suggest that adult lamprey use a bile acid based larval pheromone to help them locate spawning rivers and that responsiveness to this cue is influenced by current flow, maturity, and time of day. Although the precise identity and function of the larval pheromone remain to be fully elucidated, we believe that this cue will ultimately prove useful as an attractant in sea lamprey control.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Associated With Different Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Life Stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prince P. Mathai ◽  
Muruleedhara N. Byappanahalli ◽  
Nicholas S. Johnson ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Adult Lamprey

Sea lamprey (SL; Petromyzon marinus), one of the oldest living vertebrates, have a complex metamorphic life cycle. Following hatching, SL transition into a microphagous, sediment burrowing larval stage, and after 2–10+ years, the larvae undergo a dramatic metamorphosis, transforming into parasitic juveniles that feed on blood and bodily fluids of fishes; adult lamprey cease feeding, spawn, and die. Since gut microbiota are critical for the overall health of all animals, we examined the microbiota associated with SLs in each life history stage. We show that there were significant differences in the gut bacterial communities associated with the larval, parasitic juvenile, and adult life stages. The transition from larval to the parasitic juvenile stage was marked with a significant shift in bacterial community structure and reduction in alpha diversity. The most abundant SL-associated phyla were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes, with their relative abundances varying among the stages. Moreover, while larval SL were enriched with unclassified Fusobacteriaceae, unclassified Verrucomicrobiales and Cetobacterium, members of the genera with fastidious nutritional requirements, such as Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Cutibacterium, Veillonella, and Massilia, were three to four orders of magnitude greater in juveniles than in larvae. In contrast, adult SLs were enriched with Aeromonas, Iodobacter, Shewanella, and Flavobacterium. Collectively, our findings show that bacterial communities in the SL gut are dramatically different among its life stages. Understanding how these communities change over time within and among SL life stages may shed more light on the role that these gut microbes play in host growth and fitness.

Assessment of the United States Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) Fisheries of Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Surplus Production Model

The logistic surplus production model is applied to lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) yield and effort data from Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, and Lake Huron. The fitted models indicate that the whitefish populations in most areas of the lakes have been overexploited, and that in these areas yield was below the maximum sustainable yield before sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) predation took its toll. In some areas of Lake Superior the whitefish populations are not overexploited. The sea lamprey is the apparent cause of the drastic decrease in the whitefish population that occurred in northern Lake Michigan during the 1950’s.

Response of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) to the Control of Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lake Huron

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2039-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Spangler ◽  
John J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
Main Basin

Changes in population parameters of three stocks of whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Lake Huron following control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) have varied between the major basins of the lake. In the North Channel and main basin, whitefish survival rates increased significantly, from values of 23 to 37% and 16 to 24%, respectively. In both areas the abundance of lamprey declined while whitefish increased. In Georgian Bay, whitefish populations did not reflect changes attributable to lamprey control, possibly because of low lamprey abundance. During the control period, whitefish survival rates declined from 57 to 39%, abundance declined and growth rates increased.Key words: Lake Huron whitefish, lamprey control, Petromyzon marinus

Estimates of Lamprey-Induced Mortality in Whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2146-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Spangler ◽  
Douglas S. Robson ◽  
Henry A. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
Fishing Season ◽  
The Difference

The seasonal rate of lamprey attack upon lake whitefish in Lake Huron is estimable as the proportion of recently wounded fish in the catch. The nonfatal lamprey attack rate is estimable from the accumulation of healed scars observed on a cohort of marked (tagged) fish sampled throughout the fishing season. The difference between these estimates is an estimate of the fatal lamprey attack coefficient. In northern Lake Huron, lamprey attacks on whitefish are most frequent during August to November. The fatal lamprey attack rate is greatest during late summer when a large proportion of attacks results in the death of the host. Approximately 75% of the lamprey attacks on whitefish are fatal during mid-June to mid-November.Key words: Lake Huron, Petromyzon marinus, lake whitefish, lamprey attack rate

scholarly journals Morphogenesis and growth of the definitive opisthonephros during metamorphosis of anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-235
Author(s):  
E. C. Ooi ◽  
J. H. Youson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Development ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Tissue Differentiation ◽  
Ventral Part ◽  
Renal Corpuscle ◽  
Adult Lamprey

The definitive opisthonephros of the adult lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., develops during metamorphosis from the nephrogenic cord confined within a nephric fold and extending from the posterior tip of the larval opisthonephros to the cloaca. This development is initiated prior to the first signs of external metamorphosis and begins with the simultaneous appearance of clusters of cells scattered along the entire length of the cord. Proliferation of these cell clusters and their elongation to connect to the closely associated archinephric duct results in the formation of rudimentary nephron units. Subsequent development involves the formation of tubular lumina, branching of the tubules, and the participation of the proximal ends of the newly formed tubules in the formation of the single renal corpuscle. Growth in size of the kidney is the result of lengthening of the existing tubules through cell proliferation rather than through the addition of new nephrons. This growth appears to be at the expense of adipose tissue within the nephric fold. During later stages of metamorphosis, cell proliferation is more prevalent in the ventral part of the nephric fold where a parallel system of tubules develops. The development of the definitive opisthonephros during metamorphosis of lamprey may prove to be a useful model for further studies of tissue differentiation and interaction during kidney development in vertebrates.

Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Predation on Freshwater Teleosts

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Farmer ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
Ictalurus Nebulosus ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

The incidence of attack by the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) was studied on freshwater teleosts of similar and different size. Splake (Salvelinus namaycush × Salvelinus fontinalis), carp (Cyprinus carpio), and white suckers (Catostomus commersoni) were attacked a significantly greater number of times than lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis), burbot (Lota lota), shorthead redhorse suckers (Moxostoma macrolepidotum), and brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus). Lampreys rarely preyed upon walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum). Most attacks occurred between the head and caudal peduncle below the lateral line and particularly in the region behind the pectoral fins. Lampreys attacked the largest individuals of any species more frequently than the smaller representatives. The presence of lampreys on a fish did not further the incidence of attack on that fish. None of the species of fish appeared to avoid lamprey attacks, nor did they avoid fish on which lampreys were attached. Only rarely were fish observed to dislodge lampreys.

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