Acute Radiation Damage by High Doses of Ionizing Radiation in Humans

2012 ◽  
pp. 52-97
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
High Doses

Ionizing radiation damage in 65 nm CMOS technology: Influence of geometry, bias and temperature at ultra-high doses

2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 114016
Author(s):  
G. Borghello ◽  
E. Lerario ◽  
F. Faccio ◽  
H.D. Koch ◽  
G. Termo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
High Doses

Behavior of new ZnSe(Te,O) semiconductor scintillators under high doses of ionizing radiation

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Ryzhikov ◽  
N.G. Starzhinskiy ◽  
L.P. Gal'chinetskii ◽  
M. Guttormsen ◽  
A.A. Kist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
High Doses

scholarly journals New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Uzlenkova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The review systematized the current data on new classes of pharmacological compounds and biologically active substances in the field of radiation protection in Ukraine, as well as abroad. Methodological approaches and the importance of using appropriate animal models in the development of new pharmacological drugs for radiation protection are described, specifically in the cases when it is impossible to conduct full clinical trials on patients. Current views on the division of pharmacological agents into radioprotectors, radiomitigators, and therapeutic radiation protection agents are examined. The changes in the hematopoietic tissue, gastrointestinal tract and neurovascular system that occur after acute radiation exposure are also described. Particular attention is paid to pharmacological agents that can protect against acute exposure to ionizing radiation by limiting the risk of radiation mortality from the hematological and gastrointestinal forms of radiation syndrome. Results of the effectiveness of tolerant antioxidants with a wide spectrum of biological activity as promising agents for the prevention of acute and delayed radiation-induced pathology, in particular, in lung tissue, are presented. Possible molecular mechanisms of the radioprotective effect of pharmacological compounds on experimental models of total and local radiation exposure are discussed. The effectiveness of the therapeutic use of growth factors and recombinant cytokines in acute bone marrow suppression аfter accidental radiation exposure is shown. The possibilities of cell therapy with myeloid progenitor cells mobilized by tocopherol succinate hematopoietic/progenitor cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in acute radiation injuries are shown. Special attention is paid to the importance of improving such methodological approaches and regulatory requirements when introducing into practice new radiation protection facilities in Ukraine. Key words: radiation protection, ionizing radiation, pharmacological agents, acute radiation syndrome. For citation: Uzlenkova NE. New pharmacological means of radiation protection (literature review). Journal of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2019;25(3) :268–77

scholarly journals Radiation Produces Irreversible Chronic Dysfunction in the Submandibular Glands of the Rat

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
C De la Cal ◽  
J Fernández-Solari ◽  
CE Mohn ◽  
JP Prestifilippo ◽  
A Pugnaloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Rat Salivary Gland

The exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation during radiotherapy results in severe morphological and functional alterations of the salivary glands, such as xerostomia. In the present study we investigated the chronic effect of a single radiation dose of 15 Gray (Gy) limited to head and neck on rat salivary gland function (salivary secretion and gland mass) and histology. Results indicate that norepinephrine (NE)-induced salivary secretion was reduced significantly at 30, 90, 180 and 365 days after the administration of a single dose of 15 Gy of ionizing radiation compared to non-irradiated animals. The maximal secretory response was reduced by 33% at 30 and 90 days post irradiation. Interestingly, a new fall in the salivary response to NE was observed at 180 days and was maintained at 365 days post irradiation, showing a 75% reduction in the maximal response. The functional fall of the salivary secretion observed at 180 days post irradiation was not only associated with a reduction of gland mass but also to an alteration of the epithelial architecture exhibiting a changed proportion of ducts and acini, loss of eosinophilic secretor granular material, and glandular vacuolization and fibrosis. On the basis of the presented results, we conclude that ionizing radiation produces irreversible and progressive alterations of submandibular gland (SMG) function and morphology that leads to a severe salivary hypo-function.

scholarly journals Early Biomarkers Associated with P53 Signaling for Acute Radiation Injury

Life ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Weihong Li ◽  
Shixiang Zhou ◽  
Meng Jia ◽  
Xiaoxin Li ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
Acute Radiation Injury ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
Accurate Dose

Accurate dose assessment within 1 day or even 12 h after exposure through current methods of dose estimation remains a challenge, in response to a large number of casualties caused by nuclear or radiation accidents. P53 signaling pathway plays an important role in DNA damage repair and cell apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation. The changes of radiation-induced P53 related genes in the early stage of ionizing radiation should compensate for the deficiency of lymphocyte decline and γ-H2AX analysis as novel biomarkers of radiation damage. Bioinformatic analysis was performed on previous data to find candidate genes from human peripheral blood irradiated in vitro. The expression levels of candidate genes were detected by RT-PCR. The expressions of screened DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 were stable in healthy population, but significantly up-regulated by radiation, with time specificity and dose dependence in 2–24 h after irradiation. They are early indicators for medical treatment in acute radiation injury. Their effective combination could achieve a more accurate dose assessment for large-scale wounded patients within 24 h post exposure. The effective combination of p53-related genes DDB2, AEN, TRIAP1, and TRAF4 is a novel biodosimetry for a large number of people exposed to acute nuclear accidents.

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