Long-Term Damages among Survivors of High Doses of Ionizing Radiation

2012 ◽  
pp. 98-129
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
High Doses

1608: Long-Term Treatment with High Doses of Sildenafil Does Not Up-Regulate the Levels of Phosphodiesterase 5 (Pde5) in the Rat Penis

2004 ◽  
Vol 171 (4S) ◽  
pp. 424-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica G. Ferrini ◽  
Eliane G. Valente ◽  
Jacob Rajfer ◽  
Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid
Keyword(s):  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Phosphodiesterase 5

Amifostine-Loaded Dissolving Armored Microneedles for Long-Term Prevention of Ionizing Radiation-Induced Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yu ◽  
Minshu Li ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Jingfei li ◽  
Guoli Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Effect of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle precursor cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Jurdana ◽  
Maja Cemazar ◽  
Katarina Pegan ◽  
Tomaz Mars
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Myoblast Proliferation

Abstract Background. Long term effects of different doses of ionizing radiation on human skeletal muscle myoblast proliferation, cytokine signalling and stress response capacity were studied in primary cell cultures. Materials and methods. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts obtained from muscle biopsies were cultured and irradiated with a Darpac 2000 X-ray unit at doses of 4, 6 and 8 Gy. Acute effects of radiation were studied by interleukin - 6 (IL-6) release and stress response detected by the heat shock protein (HSP) level, while long term effects were followed by proliferation capacity and cell death. Results. Compared with non-irradiated control and cells treated with inhibitor of cell proliferation Ara C, myoblast proliferation decreased 72 h post-irradiation, this effect was more pronounced with increasing doses. Post-irradiation myoblast survival determined by measurement of released LDH enzyme activity revealed increased activity after exposure to irradiation. The acute response of myoblasts to lower doses of irradiation (4 and 6 Gy) was decreased secretion of constitutive IL-6. Higher doses of irradiation triggered a stress response in myoblasts, determined by increased levels of stress markers (HSPs 27 and 70). Conclusions. Our results show that myoblasts are sensitive to irradiation in terms of their proliferation capacity and capacity to secret IL-6. Since myoblast proliferation and differentiation are a key stage in muscle regeneration, this effect of irradiation needs to be taken in account, particularly in certain clinical conditions.

scholarly journals The Effects of N-Acetylcysteine on the Rat Mesocorticolimbic Pathway: Role of mGluR5 Receptors and Interaction with Ethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Sandra Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Claudia Esposito-Zapero ◽  
Teodoro Zornoza ◽  
Ana Polache ◽  
Luis Granero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Metabotropic Receptors ◽  
Negative Allosteric Modulator ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Cell Expression ◽  
Mucolytic Agent ◽  
Different Doses

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a prodrug that is marketed as a mucolytic agent and used for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose. Over the last few decades, evidence has been gathered that suggests the potential use of NAC as a new pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), although its mechanism of action is already being debated. In this paper, we set out to assess both the potential involvement of the glutamate metabotropic receptors (mGluR) in the possible dual effect of NAC administered at two different doses and NAC’s effect on ethanol-induced activation. To this aim, 30 or 120 mg/kg of NAC was intraperitoneally administered to rats with the presence or absence of the negative allosteric modulator of mGluR5 (MTEP 0.1 mg/kg). Thereafter, the cFOS IR-cell expression was analyzed. Secondly, we explored the effect of 120 mg/kg of NAC on the neurochemical and behavioral activation induced by intra-VTA ethanol administration (150 nmol). Our results showed that the high NAC dose stimulated cFOS expression in the NAcc, and that this effect was suppressed in the presence of MTEP, thus suggesting the implication of mGluR5. Additionally, high doses could attenuate the ethanol-induced increase in cFOS-expression in the NAcc, probably due to a phenomenon based on the long-term depression of the MSNs. Additional experiments are required to corroborate our hypothesis.

scholarly journals Long-Term Effect of Interferon on Keratinocytes That Maintain Human Papillomavirus Type 31

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (17) ◽  
pp. 8864-8874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yijan E. Chang ◽  
Loren Pena ◽  
Ganes C. Sen ◽  
Jung K. Park ◽  
Laimonis A. Laimins
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Interferon Treatment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Rates Of Growth

ABSTRACT The long-term effects of interferon treatment on cell lines that maintain human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV-31) episomes have been examined. High doses and prolonged interferon treatment resulted in growth arrest of HPV-positive cells, with a high percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis. These effects were not seen with interferon treatment of either normal human keratinocytes or cells derived from HPV-negative squamous carcinomas, which exhibited only slight decreases in their rates of growth. Within 2 weeks of the initiation of treatment, a population of HPV-31-positive cells that were resistant to interferon appeared consistently and reproducibly. The resistant cells had growth and morphological characteristics similar to those of untreated cells. Long-term interferon treatment of HPV-positive cells also resulted in a reduction in HPV episome levels but did not significantly decrease the number of integrated copies of HPV. Cells that maintained HPV genomes lacking E5 were sensitive to interferon, while cells expressing only the E6/E7 genes were resistant. In contrast, cells that expressed E2 from a tetracycline-inducible promoter were found to be significantly more sensitive to interferon treatment than parental cells. This suggests that at least a portion of the sensitivity to interferon could be mediated through the E2 protein. These studies indicate that cells maintaining HPV episomes are highly sensitive to interferon treatment but that resistant populations arise quickly.

Behavior of new ZnSe(Te,O) semiconductor scintillators under high doses of ionizing radiation

2001 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1561-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Ryzhikov ◽  
N.G. Starzhinskiy ◽  
L.P. Gal'chinetskii ◽  
M. Guttormsen ◽  
A.A. Kist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
High Doses

Cognitive impairment in long-term benzodiazepine users

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Golombok ◽  
Parimala Moodley ◽  
Malcolm Lader
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Doses ◽  
One Year

SynopsisIn view of the very extensive and often prolonged use of benzodiazepines in therapeutic practice, this study was designed to investigate whether or not cognitive ability is impaired in longterm benzodiazepine users, and to determine the nature and extent of any deficit. Fifty patients currently taking benzodiazepines for at least one year, thirty-four who had stopped taking benzodiazepines, and a matched control group of subjects who had never taken benzodiazepines or who had taken benzodiazepines in the past for less than one year were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests designed to measure a wide range of cognitive functions. It was found that patients taking high doses of benzodiazepines for long periods of time perform poorly on tasks involving visual-spatial ability and sustained attention. This is consistent with deficits in posterior cortical cognitive function.

Long-term cytogenetic follow-up studies on humans after internal and external exposures to ionizing radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adayabalam Sambasivan Balajee ◽  
Gordon K Livingston ◽  
Maria B Escalona ◽  
Terri L Ryan ◽  
Ronald E Goans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
External Exposures

Effects of long-term administration of high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate on hormone receptors and target organs in the female rat

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Di Carlo ◽  
S. Racca ◽  
G. Conti ◽  
E. Gallo ◽  
G. Muccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Prolactin Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Serum Prolactin ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
High Doses

ABSTRACT The changes in oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin receptor levels in target organs, and the macroscopic and microscopic modifications of uterus, ovary, adrenal and pituitary gland induced by long-term administration of high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were investigated in female rats. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was injected i.m. for 30 days at daily doses of 7·5, 15 and 75 mg/kg. Oestrogen and/or progesterone-binding capacities were remarkably reduced at all doses of MPA used both in the uterus and pituitary gland. Furthermore, MPA caused a very evident reduction in the weight of pituitary glands, ovaries, adrenals and uterus. In all MPA-treated rats corpora lutea were absent from the ovaries, whereas the adrenals showed a significant reduction in the thickness of the cortex. In accordance with this, there was no evidence of ACTH-producing cells in the pituitary glands. Prolactin-producing cells were also absent, while GH-producing cells were present. Serum prolactin levels were significantly reduced at all doses of MPA used. A dramatic reduction of prolactin receptor concentrations was observed in the liver and the ovaries of MPA-treated rats. The results suggest that MPA acts as an antioestrogenic drug both by reducing the number of oestrogen receptors in target tissues and by changing the structure (and perhaps the function) of those organs (pituitary glands, ovaries and adrenals) which are, directly or indirectly, a source of oestrogens. The decreased synthesis of prolactin and the reduction of the number of prolactin receptors (which, on the contrary, are both increased by oestrogens) might be considered as additional antioestrogenic effects of MPA. J. Endocr. (1984) 103, 287–293

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