Survey of Geotechnical Engineering Aspects of the December 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake and Indian Ocean Tsunami and the March 2005 Nias–Simeulue Earthquake

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 495-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wayan Sengara ◽  
Nanang Puspito ◽  
Engkon Kertapati ◽  
Hendarto
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Building Collapse ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Strong Ground ◽  
Reconnaissance Surveys

Reconnaissance surveys of building and infrastructure damage related to geotechnical engineering aspects were conducted four to six weeks after the 26 December 2004 earthquake and five weeks after the 28 March 2005 earthquake. These surveys identified many instances of building collapse and infrastructure damage that were probably caused by strong ground shaking and/or liquefaction-induced foundation or embankment failures. The survey results suggest the need for earthquake engineering research that identifies likely future earthquakes and their ground motion characteristics. Because of the observed variation in the level of damage, a seismic microzonation study should be performed to identify the spatial variability of strong ground shaking for the purpose of reconstruction and future planning of cities in Nangroe Aceh Darrusalam Province and Nias Island.

scholarly journals 2016–2017 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence: Seismic Retrofit Policy and Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 1671-1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Mazzoni ◽  
Giulio Castori ◽  
Carmine Galasso ◽  
Paolo Calvi ◽  
Richard Dreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Central Italy Earthquake ◽  
Critical Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence consisted of several moderately high-magnitude earthquakes, between M5.5 and M6.5, each centered in a different location and with its own sequences of aftershocks spanning several months. To study the effects of this earthquake sequence on the built environment and the impact on the communities, a collaborative reconnaissance effort was organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), the Eucentre Foundation, the European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCentre), and the Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLuis). The effort consisted of two reconnaissance missions: one following the Amatrice Earthquake of 24 August 2016 and one after the end of the earthquake sequence, in May 2017. One objective of the reconnaissance effort was to evaluate existing strengthening methodologies and assess their effectiveness in mitigating the damaging effects of ground shaking. Parallel studies by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, presented in a companion paper, demonstrate that variations in-ground motions due to topographic site effects had a significant impact on damage distribution in the affected area. This paper presents that, in addition to these ground motion variations, variations in the vulnerability of residential and critical facilities were observed to have a significant impact on the level of damage in the region. The damage to the historical centers of Amatrice and Norcia will be used in this evaluation: the historical center of Amatrice was devastated by the sequence of earthquakes; the significant damage in Norcia was localized to individual buildings. Amatrice has not experienced the same number of devastating earthquakes as Norcia in the last 150 years. As a result, its building stock is much older than that of Norcia and there appeared to be little visual evidence of strengthening of the buildings. The distribution of damage observed throughout the region was found to be indicative of the effectiveness of strengthening and of the need for a comprehensive implementation of retrofit policies.

scholarly journals Review of current earthquake engineering research in New Zealand

1987 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
P. J. Moss
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Civil Engineering ◽  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Engineering Seismology ◽  
Research Organisations

Research currently being undertaken in Government Departments, Research organisations, and the Civil Engineering Departments in the two University Schools of Engineering is outlined. The research is summarised under the headings of Seismology, Engineering Seismology, Geotechnical Engineering, and Structural Analysis and Design.

Strong Motion Attenuation Relations: A Ten-Year Perspective

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attenuation Relations ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Motion Data ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Strong Ground

Research on strong ground-motion characteristics conducted in the United States within the last 10 years (1974-1984) forms the basis for a detailed discussion of important factors to be considered when selecting or developing strong-motion attenuation relations for use in earthquake engineering and seismic hazard studies. While emphasis is placed on the empirical prediction of ground-motion amplitudes, a brief discussion of procedures is presented that can be used when insufficient strong-motion data are available to perform an adequate statistical analysis. The discussion is followed by a tabulated summary of selected strong-motion attenuation relations proposed and developed in the last 10 years (1974-1984) to acquaint the reader with the types of relationships currently available.

The Social Impacts and Consequences of the December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami: Observations from India and Sri Lanka

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 693-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tricia Wachtendorf ◽  
James M. Kendra ◽  
Havidán Rodríguez ◽  
Joseph Trainor
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
University Of North Texas ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Tsunami Observations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
2004 Tsunami

The 26 December 2004 tsunami is one of the most severe disasters of the last several decades. Less than one month after the disaster, a group of social science researchers from the University of Delaware and University of North Texas participated in an Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) reconnaissance team. This team traveled to some of the most heavily impacted areas in India and Sri Lanka. Focusing on the social impacts and consequences of the disaster, the team identified a number of emerging issues, including loss of life and destruction of property and infrastructure, impact on livelihoods, a persistent sense of uncertainty, variation in community-based response and recovery efforts, inequities in disaster relief distribution, gender and age vulnerability and capacities, temporary shelter and housing, and long-term relocation planning.

Analysis of Strong Ground Motion Caused by Blasting Demolition of a 22-Story RC Building

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1010-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Shi Wang ◽  
Xiao Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Peak Ground Velocity ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Building Collapse ◽  
Rc Building ◽  
Strong Ground

The influence of vibration on surrounding structures is one of the most important factors considered during blasting demolition of high-rise buildings in metropolitan regions. In the controlled blasting demolition of a 22-story RC building in Kunming, several accelerograms on ground surface were observed. Based on analyses of vertical peak ground velocity which is normally used in blasting vibration evaluation, and horizontal spectral acceleration which is frequently used in earthquake engineering, the ground motion caused by building collapse was evaluated. The results indicated that the adoptive vibration decreasing measures had a good effect, and the slight damages of two nearby buildings could not be due to abnormal strong ground motion caused by collapse.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF STRONG GROUND MOTION: WHAT LIES AHEAD?

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco José Sánchez Sesma ◽  
R SÍSMICA Benites ◽  
Jacobo Bielak
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motion ◽  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Strong Ground Motion ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Future ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Strong Ground

This papaer follows on the interest often manifested by Prof. Emilio Rosenblueth regarding the future of strong ground motion and earthquake engineering research. The authors state their views under the light of recent advances on observational and computational capabilities, and the various theoretical interpretations of the main factors that are relevant to quantify strong ground motion, namely source, path and site. The aparent lack of improvements in buildings codes to cope with moderate-to-large size earthquakes is discussed and the achievements of research on this issue are pointed out.

Responses of the Earthquake Engineering Research Community to the Chi-Chi (Taiwan) Earthquake

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsiung Loh ◽  
Ching-Yen Tsay
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Earthquake Loss ◽  
Bridge Damage ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Taiwan Earthquake

In the early morning of 21 September 1999, a devastating earthquake struck the central region of Taiwan. This earthquake became known as the “Chi-Chi” Taiwan earthquake. Immediately after the occurrence of the earthquake, the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE) organized reconnaissance teams to investigate the damage in the earthquake-affected area. The purpose of this paper is to describe the inter-collaborations and actions that were taken by NCREE and the engineering research community. This paper also describes the damage situation from an engineering point of view that includes fault investigations, studies of strong ground motion characteristics, building and bridge damage investigations, geotechnical damage surveys, and lifeline damage investigations. The NCREE's emergency response decision support system and the HAZ-Taiwan earthquake loss assessment program are also described.

scholarly journals Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iunio Iervolino ◽  
Pasquale Cito ◽  
Chiara Felicetta ◽  
Giovanni Lanzano ◽  
Antonio Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Motion Effect ◽  
Observed Damage

AbstractShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.

Survey Results of the Indian Ocean Tsunami in the Maldives

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Fujima ◽  
Yoshinori Shigihara ◽  
Takashi Tomita ◽  
Kazuhiko Honda ◽  
Hisamichi Nobuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Indian Ocean
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