Industrial Facilities

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Sam W. Swan ◽  
Ronald O. Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Agricultural Operations

This earthquake illustrates the seismic vulnerability of an agriculture-based economy that is centered in sparsely populated regions. Agricultural operations depend on lifelines—roads, railways, electrical power, potable and wastewater systems, and port facilities. There is an indirect dependence on refineries and oil pipelines to ensure a supply of fuel to the region, in order to keep the machinery of other lifelines running. The earthquake caused severe damage to roads, railways, bridges and water systems. As a result, shipments of produce were severely impaired. With loss of the means to transport products, damage to operations, such as shipping centers, assumed a secondary importance.

scholarly journals A Novel Deep Learning-Based Diagnosis Method Applied to Power Quality Disturbances

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2839
Author(s):  
Artvin-Darien Gonzalez-Abreu ◽  
Miguel Delgado-Prieto ◽  
Roque-Alfredo Osornio-Rios ◽  
Juan-Jose Saucedo-Dorantes ◽  
Rene-de-Jesus Romero-Troncoso
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Neural Network Structure ◽  
Power Quality Disturbances ◽  
Disturbance Detection

Monitoring electrical power quality has become a priority in the industrial sector background: avoiding unwanted effects that affect the whole performance at industrial facilities is an aim. The lack of commercial equipment capable of detecting them is a proven fact. Studies and research related to these types of grid behaviors are still a subject for which contributions are required. Although research has been conducted for disturbance detection, most methodologies consider only a few standardized disturbance combinations. This paper proposes an innovative deep learning-based diagnosis method to be applied on power quality disturbances, and it is based on three stages. Firstly, a domain fusion approach is considered in a feature extraction stage to characterize the electrical power grid. Secondly, an adaptive pattern characterization is carried out by considering a stacked autoencoder. Finally, a neural network structure is applied to identify disturbances. The proposed approach relies on the training and validation of the diagnosis system with synthetic data: single, double and triple disturbances combinations and different noise levels, also validated with available experimental measurements provided by IEEE 1159.2 Working Group. The proposed method achieves nearly a 100% hit rate allowing a far more practical application due to its capability of pattern characterization.

Experimental study on seismic performance of suspended ceiling components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Huanjun Jiang ◽  
Chen Wu ◽  
Zihui Xu ◽  
Zhiyuan Qin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Deformation Capacity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Load Carrying

<p>Suspended ceiling systems (SCSs) experienced severe damage during strong earthquakes that occurred in recent years. The capacity of the ceiling component is a crucial factor affecting the seismic performance of SCS. Therefore, a series of static tests on suspended ceiling components under monotonic and cyclic loadings were carried out to investigate the seismic performance of the ceiling components. The ceiling components include main tee splices, cross tee latches and peripheral attachments. All specimens were tested under axial loading. Additionally, the static tests of cross tee latches subjected to shear and bending loadings were performed due to their seismic vulnerability. The failure pattern, load-carrying ability, deformation capacity and energy dissipation of the ceiling components are presented in detail in this study.</p>

International standards for services activities relating to drinking water supply systems and wastewater systems: Implications for developing countries

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
S. Lee ◽  
D. Cha ◽  
H. Park
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
Service Standards ◽  
Supply Systems

In developing countries, the PPP (Public–Private–Partnerships) programs have been unsatisfied during the last decade. This study analyzed one of the main causes is low quality of the system. That is, no matter what supports developing countries may get through PPP, reforming water systems can be hardly successful without appropriate system quality. With this background, this study introduces service standards of ISO/TC 224 as an option to improve system quality of developing countries. To analyze its effects, system dynamic modeling was conducted. The results indicated that service standards, working with the PPP programs, can benefit all the stakeholders involved in the water systems in developing countries. Also this indicates further that this approach with service standards deserves more detailed study for improving the ailing water systems in developing countries.

scholarly journals Assessment of Seismic Vulnerability of the Main Pipelines in Information Deficiency Conditions

10.12737/208 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30
Author(s):  
Котляревский ◽  
Vladimir Kotlyarevskiy ◽  
Ларионов ◽  
Valeriy Larionov ◽  
Александров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Experimental Information ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Main Pipeline ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Oil Pipelines

Operation in difficult climatic conditions and the large extent of the main gas and oil pipelines causes the need of search of new decisions for ensuring the reliable and safe operation of pipeline transport objects. The technique offered in this article is based on the plotting of seismic vulnerability function of the main pipeline embedded in soil by calculated dynamic analysis of stresseddeformed state in conditions of experimental information lack.

Case Study of a Gas Turbine Chronic Failure at Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah N. AlKhudhayr ◽  
Abdulrahman M. AlAdel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Machine Design ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Major Overhaul ◽  
Gas Industry

Abstract A gas turbine is a reliable type of rotating equipment, utilized in various applications. It is well known in power generation and aviation. In the oil and gas industry, gas turbines are utilized in locations with limited electrical power or a high power driven load requirement, such as offshore or a high-rated power 20MW compressor. Five gas turbines are used as mechanical drive equipment. After a few years of operation, the gas turbines were experiencing high operating temperatures in bearings, turbine compartments, high spread temperature, and the presence of smoke in the exhaust. During a major overhaul of the turbines, oil was found to have accumulated internally in the wrapper casing, along with damage to several internal combustion components. In one case, the exhaust casing experienced severe damage with deformation. This paper presents a case study of a gas turbine failure and its contributors. The paper explains the mitigated solution to overcome the challenges related to the gas turbine operation, maintenance, and machine design.

Evaluation of Seismic Vulnerability Indices for Low-Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings Including Data from the 6 February 2016 Taiwan Earthquake

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Santiago Pujol ◽  
Lucas Laughery ◽  
Aishwarya Puranam ◽  
Pedram Hesam ◽  
Li-Hui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Buildings ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Concrete Buildings ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Taiwan Earthquake

Communities need seismic vulnerability indices to identify which buildings are most susceptible to severe damage during earthquakes. To be of greatest value, these indices should be easy to use and should be vetted against data from previous earthquakes. To date, more than 800 reinforced concrete buildings have been surveyed after earthquakes for the purpose of evaluating a seismic vulnerability index proposed by Hassan and Sozen in 1997. This number includes 130 buildings surveyed after the 6 February 2016 earthquake in Taiwan. The data collected during these surveys consist of descriptions and photographs of damage, structural sketches, and measurements. Analyses of the data indicate that probability of severe damage and failure increases with decreasing column index and wall index (normalized measures of column and wall areas). They also suggest that the exact form of the threshold used to distinguish more vulnerable structures from less vulnerable structures is of little consequence in terms of the probable cost and benefits of the strengthening program this threshold may inform.

Geotechnical Aspects

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Singh ◽  
T. Leslie Youd ◽  
Kyle M. Rollins
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Large Region ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Caribbean Coast ◽  
Bocas Del Toro ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Banana Plantations

The earthquake caused severe damage that extended over a large region, including the provinces of Limon and Cartago in Costa Rica and the province of Bocas del Toro in Panama. Areas most affected in Costa Rica were the alluvial plains along the Caribbean Coast located west, northwest and southeast of Limon. These areas underwent extensive soil liquefaction and soil failures. Soil liquefaction caused severe damage to roads, bridges, railways, ports, water systems and banana plantations. Geotechnical aspects of bridge and roadway damage are covered in Chapter 6—Bridges.

Modelling and monitoring of integrated urban wastewater systems: review on status and perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1203-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Benedetti ◽  
Jeroen Langeveld ◽  
Adrien Comeau ◽  
Lluís Corominas ◽  
Glen Daigger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Systems

While the general principles and modelling approaches for integrated management/modelling of urban water systems already present a decade ago still hold, in recent years aspects like model interfacing and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent generation as complements to sewer modelling have been investigated and several new or improved systems analysis methods have become available. New/improved software tools coupled with the current high computational capacity have enabled the application of integrated modelling to several practical cases, and advancements in monitoring water quantity and quality have been substantial and now allow the collecting of data in sufficient quality and quantity to permit using integrated models for real-time applications too. Further developments are warranted in the field of data quality assurance and efficient maintenance.

Effects of Ground Failure on Buildings, Ports, and Industrial Facilities

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Bray ◽  
Kyle Rollins ◽  
Tara Hutchinson ◽  
Ramon Verdugo ◽  
Christian Ledezma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Chile Earthquake ◽  
Waterfront Structures

Soil liquefaction occurred at many sites during the 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake, often leading to ground failure and lateral spreading. Of particular interest are the effects of liquefaction on built infrastructure. Several buildings were damaged significantly due to foundation movements resulting from liquefaction. Liquefaction-induced ground failure also displaced and distorted waterfront structures, which adversely impacted the operation of some of Chile's key port facilities. Important case histories that document the effects of ground failure on buildings, ports, and industrial facilities are presented in this paper.

Instrumentation, control and automation in wastewater – from London 1973 to Narbonne 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Olsson ◽  
B. Carlsson ◽  
J. Comas ◽  
J. Copp ◽  
K. V. Gernaey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
And Control

Key developments of instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) applications in wastewater systems during the past 40 years are highlighted in this paper. From the first ICA conference in 1973 through to today there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of the processes, instrumentation, computer systems and control theory. However, many developments have not been addressed here, such as sewer control, drinking water treatment and water distribution control. It is hoped that this review can stimulate new attempts to more effectively apply control and automation in water systems in the coming years.

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