Instrumentation, control and automation in wastewater – from London 1973 to Narbonne 2013

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1373-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Olsson ◽  
B. Carlsson ◽  
J. Comas ◽  
J. Copp ◽  
K. V. Gernaey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Control Theory ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Systems And Control ◽  
Wastewater Systems ◽  
And Control

Key developments of instrumentation, control and automation (ICA) applications in wastewater systems during the past 40 years are highlighted in this paper. From the first ICA conference in 1973 through to today there has been a tremendous increase in the understanding of the processes, instrumentation, computer systems and control theory. However, many developments have not been addressed here, such as sewer control, drinking water treatment and water distribution control. It is hoped that this review can stimulate new attempts to more effectively apply control and automation in water systems in the coming years.

scholarly journals Formation and Control of C- and N-DBPs during Disinfection of Filter Backwash and Sedimentation Sludge Water in Drinking Water Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 116964
Author(s):  
Yunkun Qian ◽  
Yanan Chen ◽  
Yue Hu ◽  
David Hanigan ◽  
Paul Westerhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
C And N ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals The occurrence and control of waterborne viruses in drinking water treatment: a review

Chemosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 130728
Author(s):  
Li Chen ◽  
Yang Deng ◽  
Shengkun Dong ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Pan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Waterborne Viruses ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Design Aspects, Energy Consumption Evaluation, and Offset for Drinking Water Treatment Operation

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Saria Bukhary ◽  
Jacimaria Batista ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System

Drinking water treatment, wastewater treatment, and water distribution are energy-intensive processes. The goal of this study was to design the unit processes of an existing drinking water treatment plant (DWTP), evaluate the associated energy consumption, and then offset it using solar photovoltaics (PVs) to reduce carbon emissions. The selected DWTP, situated in the southwestern United States, utilizes coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and chlorination to treat 3.94 m3 of local river water per second. Based on the energy consumption determined for each unit process (validated using the plant’s data) and the plant’s available landholding, the DWTP was sized for solar PV (as a modeling study) using the system advisor model. Total operational energy consumption was estimated to be 56.3 MWh day−1 for the DWTP including water distribution pumps, whereas energy consumption for the DWTP excluding water distribution pumps was 2661 kWh day−1. The results showed that the largest consumers of energy—after the water distribution pumps (158.1 Wh m−3)—were the processes of coagulation (1.95 Wh m−3) and flocculation (1.93 Wh m−3). A 500 kW PV system was found to be sufficient to offset the energy consumption of the water treatment only operations, for a net present value of $0.24 million. The net reduction in carbon emissions due to the PV-based design was found to be 450 and 240 metric tons CO2-eq year−1 with and without battery storage, respectively. This methodology can be applied to other existing DWTPs for design and assessment of energy consumption and use of renewables.

Optimal flow distribution over multiple parallel pellet reactors: a model-based approach

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 493-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. van Schagen ◽  
R. Babuška ◽  
L.C. Rietveld ◽  
E.T. Baars
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Process Step ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Softening Process

A drinking water treatment plant has a typical configuration of parallel lanes to provide safe drinking water 24 h a day. A new approach for optimising the production of drinking water treatment plants is proposed. This approach is applied to the softening process step and shows promising results in terms of cost reduction by optimising the water distribution over several parallel reactors. The proposed scheme relies on optimal model-based control of a single softening reactor and the use of a bypass.

Identification, assessment, and control of hazards in water supply: experiences from Water Safety Plan implementations in Germany

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 1307-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-J. Mälzer ◽  
N. Staben ◽  
A. Hein ◽  
W. Merkel
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Water Safety Plan ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control

According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) for Water Safety Plans (WSP), a Technical Risk Management was developed, which considers standard demands in drinking water treatment in Germany. It was already implemented at several drinking water treatment plants of different size and treatment processes in Germany. Hazards affecting water quality, continuity, and the reliability of supply from catchment to treatment and distribution could be identified by a systematic approach, and suitable control measures were defined. Experiences are presented by detailed examples covering methods, practical consequences, and further outcomes. The method and the benefits for the water suppliers are discussed and an outlook on the future role of WSPs in German water supply is given.

Log DOW: Key to Understanding and Regulating Wastewater-Derived Contaminants

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha J. M. Wells
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Ph Dependent

Environmental Context. Worldwide, surface water is a source of drinking water and is a recipient of wastewater effluents and pollutants. Many surface water bodies undergo a natural, cyclical, diurnal variation in pH between 7 and 9. Most drinking water and wastewater treatment in the United States is conducted between pH 7 and 8. The pH of water undergoing treatment processes directly impacts the ratio of nonionized to ionized chemical form(s) present, which in turn impacts the success rate of contaminant removal. Many organic wastewater-derived contaminants are very water soluble at pH 7–8 and are inadequately treated. Abstract. Wastewater-derived contaminants (WWDCs) occur in surface water due to inadequate wastewater treatment and subsequently challenge the capabilities of drinking water treatment. Fundamental chemical properties must be understood to reduce the occurrence of known WWDCs and to better anticipate future chemical contaminants of concern to water supplies. To date, examination of the fundamental properties of WWDCs in surface water appears to be completely lacking or inappropriately applied. In this research, the hydrophobicity–ionogenicity profiles of WWDCs reported to occur in surface water were investigated, concentrating primarily on pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), steroids, and hormones. Because most water treatment is conducted between pH 7 and 8 and because DOW, the pH-dependent n-octanol–water distribution ratio embodies simultaneously the concepts of hydrophobicity and ionogenicity, DOW at pH 7–8 is presented as an appropriate physicochemical parameter for understanding and regulating water treatment. Although the pH-dependent chemical character of hydrophobicity is not new science, this concept is insufficiently appreciated by scientists, engineers, and practitioners currently engaged in chemical assessment. The extremely hydrophilic character of many WWDCs at pH 7–8, indicated by DOW (the combination of KOW and pKa) not by KOW of the neutral chemical, is proposed as an indicator of occurrence in surface water.

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