Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques V. Experimental Study: Eliciting Factual Information

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cox ◽  
M. Rutter ◽  
D. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Factual Data

SummaryFour experimental interview styles, each recommended by experts in the field, were compared for their efficiency in eliciting factual information during the initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric out-patient clinic. If encouraged to talk freely, mothers tended to mention most (but not all) key issues without the need for standardized questioning on a pre-determined range of topics. However, systematic questioning was essential in order to obtain good quality factual data. Better data were obtained when interviewers were sensitive and alert to factual cues and chose their probes with care. Clinically significant factual information, idiosyncratic to the family and outside the range of standard enquiry was common, but was obtained satisfactorily with all four styles. No one style was generally preferred by informants. The advantages of systematic questioning for obtaining factual information were not associated with any disadvantages with respect to the eliciting of emotions and feelings.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques IV. Experimental Study: Four Contrasting Styles

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutter ◽  
A. Cox ◽  
S. Egert ◽  
D. Holbrook ◽  
B. Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Audio Tape ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryThe development and definition of four contrasting interview styles is described. The four styles were designed using different permutations of techniques which, on the basis of an earlier naturalistic study, appeared to be most effective in eliciting either factual information or feelings. A ‘sounding board’ style utilized a minimal activity approach; an ‘active psychotherapy’ style actively sought to explore feelings and to bring out emotional links and meanings; a ‘structured’ style adopted an active cross-questioning approach; and a ‘systematic exploratory’ style aimed to combine a high use of both fact-oriented and feeling-oriented techniques. Quantitative measures based on video-tape and audio-tape analysis showed that two experienced interviewers could be trained to adopt these four very different styles and yet remain feeling and appearing natural. An experimental design to compare the four styles is described.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques: I. Methods and Measures

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutter ◽  
A. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Phase Study ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Expressed Emotions ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryAn account is given of the overall strategy and measures used in a three-phase study of styles and techniques employed in the initial diagnostic interviews with the parents of children referred to a child psychiatric clinic. The measures of interview style included interviewer activity and talkativeness, directiveness, types of questions and statements, interventions designed to elicit or to respond to feelings, and non-verbal qualities. The informant's response and the interview ‘outcome’ were assessed through measures of the quantity and quality of factual information obtained, and of the extent of expression of emotional feelings by the informant. Good inter-rater reliability was achieved with most measures. Some difficulties were experienced in achieving comparable thresholds for the recognition of expressed emotions.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques VI. Experimental Study: Eliciting Feelings

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cox ◽  
D. Holbrook ◽  
M. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Emotional Cues ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryFour experimental interview styles, designed to differ in the extent of their use of active fact-oriented and active feeling-oriented techniques, were compared in relation to their use in the initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric clinic. All four styles proved to be effective in eliciting emotions and feelings, but the findings suggested that each was effective for different reasons. It appeared that emotional expression could be encouraged by the interviewer's response to emotional cues, by a reflective style with little factual cross-questioning, by the use of direct requests for self-disclosures, by the optimal (but not necessarily maximal) use of interpretations and expressions of sympathy, and by direct requests for feelings.

Gender Moderates the Association Between Exposure to Interpersonal Violence and Intermittent Explosive Disorder Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110139
Author(s):  
Lynette C. Krick ◽  
Mitchell E. Berman ◽  
Michael S. McCloskey ◽  
Emil F. Coccaro ◽  
Jennifer R. Fanning
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Affective Dysregulation ◽  
Intermittent Explosive Disorder ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The Relationship

Exposure to interpersonal violence (EIV) is a prevalent risk-factor for aggressive behavior; however, it is unclear whether the effect of EIV on clinically significant aggressive behavior is similar across gender. We examined whether gender moderates the association between experiencing and witnessing interpersonal violence and the diagnosis of intermittent explosive disorder (IED). We also examined potential pathways that might differentially account for the association between EIV and IED in men and women, including emotion regulation and social information processing (SIP). Adult men and women ( N = 582), who completed a semistructured clinical interview for syndromal and personality disorders, were classified as healthy controls (HC; n = 118), psychiatric controls (PC; n = 146) or participants with an IED diagnosis ( n = 318). Participants also completed the life history of experienced aggression (LHEA) and life history of witnessed aggression (Lhwa) structured interview and self-report measures of emotion regulation and SIP. Men reported more EIV over the lifetime. In multiple logistic regression analysis, experiencing and witnessing aggression within the family and experiencing aggression outside the family were associated with lifetime IED diagnosis. We found that the relationship between EIV and IED was stronger in women than in men. Affective dysregulation mediated certain forms of EIV, and this relation was observed in both men and women. SIP biases did not mediate the relation between EIV and IED. EIV across the lifespan is a robust risk factor for recurrent, clinically significant aggressive behavior (i.e., IED). However, the relationship between EIV and IED appears to be stronger in women. Further, this relation appears partially mediated by affective dysregulation.

Family Secrets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Dousteyssier-Khoze
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Family Rituals ◽  
Trompe L'oeil ◽  
Family Secrets ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Toxic Environment ◽  
Key Issues

The (bourgeois) family becomes the focus of intense investigation and dislocation in Chabrol’s films and this chapter examines its subversive representation through the following key issues: incest, the couple, family rituals and the role of the patriarch. The use of ellipsis, symmetry and doubles, Magrittian trompe-l’œil, expressionistic mise-en-scène and theatricality are some of the techniques used by Chabrol to highlight the fact that the family is a mask, a well-rehearsed performance hiding dark impulses and mental disorders. As demonstrated through La Fleur du mal, Au cœur du mensonge, Poulet au vinaigre and Inspecteur Lavardin, the Chabrolean family is a highly toxic environment in which incest, dark secrets and murder swarm, thereby providing ideal ground to observe and dissect human pathologies and invite the viewer to ask questions about representation and ‘reality’ and the blurry relationship between appearances, ‘truth’ and lies.

scholarly journals Avoiding deaths in hospital from anorexia nervosa: the MARSIPAN project

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Refeeding Syndrome ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Medical Teams ◽  
Medical Wards

SummaryThe MARSIPAN (MAnagement of Really SIck Patients with Anorexia Nervosa) project was established in response to reports of patients admitted to medical wards and proving refractory to treatment, sometimes dying on the ward. Psychiatrists, physicians and other clinicians in nutrition and eating disorders were brought together to discuss key issues in the assessment and management of such patients. The resulting guidance report, which applies to adult patients over 18, addresses: assessment of risk, where to treat the patient, specialist support for medical teams, key elements of treatment, namely (a) safe refeeding to avoid refeeding syndrome and underfeeding syndrome, (b) management of problematic behaviours, (c) support for the family, and (d) transfer to a specialist eating disorder unit when appropriate and possible.

Hoe Eenduidig is Samenhang in Tekst?

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Eric Daamen
Keyword(s):  
Factual Information ◽  
Coherence Relations ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Discourse Studies

This article deals with two key issues in discourse studies. First, to what extent is there a correspondence in the labelling of coherence relations? Second, to what extent are coherence relations judged as semantic or pragmatic? In an experiment, it was examined how actual readers interpret the relation between utterances, by presenting them with sets of utterances which contained both a semantic and a pragmatic relation. It was concluded that the correspondence in labelling was high and that in most cases the respondents chose the intended label. The majority of the respondents judged the relations either semantic or pragmatic, in the course of which most relations were evaluated as predominantly semantic. Moreover, readers judged a relation more semantic when the text contained factual information or portrayed a situation outside the speaker's control. The relation is more pragmatic when the credibility of the utterances is dubious or when utterances are unverifiable.

scholarly journals Evaluation of chronic disease follow-up training of family physicians in primary care units

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Buzgan ◽  
B Mete ◽  
E Pehlivan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
T Test ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
The Family ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training

Abstract Background Chronic diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality due to late diagnosis and insufficient treatment. This study deals with the training on chronic diseases organized by the Ministry of Health in the provinces. The aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of training programs for family physicians in a province. Methods This semi experimental study was carried out during the training held in Bingöl that is eastern city of Turkey, on 22-26 October 2018 and 19-20 December 2018. The universe of the study consisted of family physicians working in the province. Of the 90 family physicians working in the province, 75 participated in the study. The training was conducted by the researchers and (before-after) 16-question test to the participants were used. The trainings cover the sub-heading Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension. The family physicians were divided into 7 groups and were given 7-hour training. SPSS 25 program was used to analyze the data. In the analysis of data, Wilcoxon test, Cochran’s Q test and Bayesian approach samples t test were used. Results The average number of correct before training was 7.33 (min: 2 - max: 13), after training 12.64 (min: 7- max: 16; p < 0.001). After the training, participants’ correct answers to 15 questions increased (p < 0.001). Increase rate is 71%. Bayesian factor was found to be < 0.001 according to the results of Bayesian approach t test. There is definite evidence against the H0 hypothesis. According to the results of this quasi-experimental study, training is very effective. Conclusions In this study, it was shown that the education of the family physicians about the chronic diseases of the Ministry of Health is effective in increasing the knowledge level of family physicians. Key messages The training of the family physicians in charge of the primary health care is important. This study showed that education is very effective accorging to the pre-training.

Quality of Life: Organ Transplantation and Artificial Organs

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois K. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Artificial Organ ◽  
Medical Outcome ◽  
Unconditional Love ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Over Time

This article describes issues that are clinically significant when assessing quality of life of patients whose organ disease can be treated only through transplantation or reliance upon an artificial organ. Emphasis is placed on stresses that affect the family as well as the immediate patient, because, over time, these are inextricably interwoven. The transplant recipient who experiences a “good” medical outcome may perceive that he has little to live for if his family is severely disrupted or broken apart by the strain of the illness. The family of a patient who dies after unremitting complications while being sustained by an artificial organ may experience both relief at the lifting of an unmanageable burden, and continuing guilt that they were unable to provide unconditional love and support to a dying family member.

The Development of Folk and Complex Cultures in the Southern Maya Area

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan F. de Borhegyi
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Carnegie Institution Of Washington ◽  
Maya Area ◽  
The Many ◽  
Factual Data

Two generations of intensive archaeological work conducted in great part by the Carnegie Institution of Washington in the Southern Maya area have resulted in a wealth of factual information and the establishment of a fairly comprehensive and continuous cultural sequence. In spite of the many facts, few attempts have been made by Middle American archaeologists to synthesize this data and present it within a coherent conceptual framework. The reluctance of Middle Americanists to extract from the factual data theories regarding the recurring regularities of human behavior may be due in part to the feeling that such “theorizing” is purely speculative and unscientific. The picture is further complicated by the fact that in the Maya area the great bulk of the archaeological material collected and studied consists of artifacts from the excavations of mounds and tombs in the large ceremonial and urban centers. This material understandably does not represent the totality of the culture concerned.

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