Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques IV. Experimental Study: Four Contrasting Styles

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutter ◽  
A. Cox ◽  
S. Egert ◽  
D. Holbrook ◽  
B. Everitt
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Audio Tape ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryThe development and definition of four contrasting interview styles is described. The four styles were designed using different permutations of techniques which, on the basis of an earlier naturalistic study, appeared to be most effective in eliciting either factual information or feelings. A ‘sounding board’ style utilized a minimal activity approach; an ‘active psychotherapy’ style actively sought to explore feelings and to bring out emotional links and meanings; a ‘structured’ style adopted an active cross-questioning approach; and a ‘systematic exploratory’ style aimed to combine a high use of both fact-oriented and feeling-oriented techniques. Quantitative measures based on video-tape and audio-tape analysis showed that two experienced interviewers could be trained to adopt these four very different styles and yet remain feeling and appearing natural. An experimental design to compare the four styles is described.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques V. Experimental Study: Eliciting Factual Information

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cox ◽  
M. Rutter ◽  
D. Holbrook
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
The Family ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Interviewing Techniques ◽  
Factual Data

SummaryFour experimental interview styles, each recommended by experts in the field, were compared for their efficiency in eliciting factual information during the initial diagnostic interviews with the mothers of children referred to a psychiatric out-patient clinic. If encouraged to talk freely, mothers tended to mention most (but not all) key issues without the need for standardized questioning on a pre-determined range of topics. However, systematic questioning was essential in order to obtain good quality factual data. Better data were obtained when interviewers were sensitive and alert to factual cues and chose their probes with care. Clinically significant factual information, idiosyncratic to the family and outside the range of standard enquiry was common, but was obtained satisfactorily with all four styles. No one style was generally preferred by informants. The advantages of systematic questioning for obtaining factual information were not associated with any disadvantages with respect to the eliciting of emotions and feelings.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques II. Naturalistic Study: Eliciting Factual Information

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cox ◽  
K. Hopkinson ◽  
M. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Factual Information ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Directive Style ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryA naturalistic study was undertaken of 36 video and audio taped interviews made by 7 different psychiatric trainees. The interviews studied were those conducted in the ordinary course of clinic work for diagnostic and therapeutic planning purposes by trainees when first seeing the parent or parents of a child newly referred to a psychiatric clinic. It was found that a directive style with specific probes and requests for detailed descriptions was associated with the obtaining of better-quality factual information than that associated with a more free-style approach. Interviewers who talked less and who made more use of open questions and checks tended to have more talkative informants. Double questions were liable to result in ambiguous answers, but multiple-choice questions did not appear to cause distortion and in some circumstances might be helpful.

Enhancing statistical literacy skills through real life activities enriched with gamification elements: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
pp. 204275302098701
Author(s):  
Ünal Çakıroğlu ◽  
Mustafa Güler
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Statistical Literacy ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Teaching Statistics

This study attempts to determine whether gamification can be used as a pedagogical technique to overcome the challenges in teaching statistics. A post-test quasi-experimental design was carried out in gamified and non-gamified groups in order to reveal the effect of gamification elements in cultivating students’ statistical literacy skills. Students in gamified group were also interviewed to understand the function of gamification process. The results suggest that; although gamifying the instructional process had a positive impact on developing students’ statistical literacy in medium and high score students; surprisingly the influence of the gamification to the low- achieved scores were not positive. The positive impact was discussed in accordance with the gradual structure of statistical literacy and suggestions for successful gamification applications due to the context were included.

scholarly journals Aluminium induced Intrauterine Growth Retardation - an experimental study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoona Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Retardation ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Aluminum Sulphate ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Present study was carried out to determine the effect of aluminum containing antacid on the intrauterine growth and development of fetus. The duration of exposure was also correlated with the effects on fetal morphology and their weights. Seventy-two pregnant mice were given a daily i.e., dose of 0.7mg/100g of aluminum sulphate for various periods according to the grouping of experimental design. This dose was equivalent to maximum therapeutic dose of aluminum salt for a 70 kg man i.e. 5000mg aluminum/day. Fetal examination was performed on day 20 of gestation. The number of live and dead fetuses in the treated animals was not significantly different from the control groups. Therefore embryo lethality of aluminum cannot be induced. However there was a decrease in fetal body weight that was directly related to the duration of exposure to aluminum sulphate solution. Dissecting microscopic examination showed, the development was arrested in the groups exposed to drugs for longer periods. These results revealed that aluminum is a type of heavy metal, which is teratogenic for mammals even in doses, which are nontoxic for adults.

scholarly journals Fraud Intention and Machiavellianism: An Experimental Study of Fraud Triangle

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 269
Author(s):  
Halam Intiyas Utami ◽  
Yosephine Widwining Astiti ◽  
Nafsiah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Fraud Triangle ◽  
Purchasing Managers

This study aims to examine the causal relationships between fraud triangle and Machiavellianism and fraud intention. Besides the fraud triangle components (pressure, opportunity, and rationalization), Machiavellianism and fraud intention also likely affect fraud. We run our experimental study at several Indonesian universities and use undergraduate accounting students as our subjects. Further, this study uses a 3x2x2 experimental design with 309 students as the subjects acting as purchasing managers. The results show that 1) individuals with high life pressure exhibit greater fraud intention than individuals with low life pressures, 2) individuals who are in a weak internal control condition have greater fraud intention than individuals who are in strong internal control conditions, 3) individuals with high rationalization of fraud have greater fraud intention than individuals with low rationalization, and 4)individuals with high Machiavellianism exhibit greater fraud intention than individuals with low Machiavellianism.

Psychiatric Interviewing Techniques III. Naturalistic Study: Eliciting Feelings

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 406-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hopkinson ◽  
A. Cox ◽  
M. Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Expression ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Interview Techniques ◽  
Video And Audio ◽  
Interviewing Techniques

SummaryA naturalistic study was undertaken of 36 video and audio-taped interviews undertaken by 7 different psychiatric trainees. The interviews studied were those conducted in the ordinary course of clinic work for diagnostic and therapeutic planning purposes by trainees when first seeing the parent or parents of a child newly referred to a psychiatric clinic. It was found that a variety of rather different interview techniques seemed to facilitate emotional expression. These included a low level of interview talk with few interruptions, a high rate of open rather than closed questions, direct requests for feelings, interpretations and expressions of sympathy. The issue of how far these associations reflected causal influences is discussed.

Monitoring and Reinforcement by Parents as a Means of Automating Articulatory Responses: II. Study of Preschool Children

1975 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph L. Shelton ◽  
Anita F. Johnson ◽  
Valerie Willis ◽  
William B. Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Preschool Children ◽  
Sound Production ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Production Task ◽  
Audio Tape ◽  
Home Program ◽  
Home Training ◽  
Automatic Level

To establish articulatory responses on an automatic level 10 preschool children between 4 and 6 yr. of age were given training in production of a training sound out of context and in a set of 10 words. The mother of each child was oriented to a home program by means of a video tape that demonstrated activities to be employed. An audio tape was used to orient the mothers to the identification and evaluation of speech sounds. During the first wk. of home training, each mother was to evaluate her child's articulation of a training sound in an imitative word drill situation and in elicited conversation. Candy or stickers were given to the children for correct responses. During the remaining 4 wk., each mother was to monitor daily her child's spontaneous speech and to evaluate 30 conversational productions of the training sound. Correct responses were rewarded. When an incorrect response was produced, the mother was to have the child imitate the word after her. Each mother kept a record of how many of the 30 responses were correctly articulated each day. That record plus the children's scores on sound-production tasks and talking-tasks constituted the data for analysis. For the group, sound-production task and talking-task measures obtained after training reflected better articulation than did pretreatment scores. Greater gains were made on sounds taught than on other sounds misarticulated by some of the children. Records accumulated by five of the parents also indicated improved articulation.

Historical and methodical bases of special psychologists’ professional training

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Daria Suprun ◽  
Tetiana Hrygorenko ◽  
Zhanna Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Special Schools ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
Teaching Psychology ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Optimal Set

The article deals with historical and theoretical and methodological foundations of modern methodology of teaching psychology in the context of special psychologists’ education. Historical teaching experience of indicated discipline in domestic and foreign institutions of higher education is reviwed. The present historical and pedagogical analysis of students’ training and introduction of modern methodology of teaching psychology as a training discipline of penitentiary, special and clinical psychologists initiated by Academician of NAPS of Ukraine, Viktor Synov and his scientific school is delightened. The nature and structure of discipline are viewed. Particular attention is paid to finding and developing of the optimal set of methods of its providing, developing programs and definition of developed program’s efficiency. The practical results of scientists’ work in defining spheres are analyzed. The results of the experimental study of the motivational component of the professional readiness of psychologists (special, clinical) to work on a specialty in the structure of professional training are highlighted. The prospects for further research in the context of improving the psychological preparation of personnel for various types of special schools are outlined.

Trends of Modernization of professional training in the system of special education

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Maria Sheremet ◽  
Mykola Suprun ◽  
Daria Suprun
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conceptual Foundations ◽  
The Given ◽  
Optimal Set ◽  
Professional Formation

The conceptual foundations of the theory and practice of the professional formation of the personality in the system of special education are substantiated. The essence of the given training is considered in various ways, on the basis of which its qualitative and classification characteristics, levels and systemic and structural components are determined; the content, organizational and pedagogical conditions and criteria for assessing the levels of formation of these components aredefined.The following components of professional training are defined: professional and motivational, cognitive and competence, operational and active, productive and reflexive. It is indicated that the given structural components are interrelated, interdependent and complementary to each other. Theoretical paradigm is scientifically substantiated, the structural-functional, organizational-didactic model of the system of professional training in the field of special education is developed and tested and the dynamics of the formation of its components according to the results of the implementation of this system is highlighted. Particular attention is paid to finding and developing of the optimal set of methods of its providing, developing programs and definition of developed program’s efficiency. The practical results of scientists’ work in defining spheres are analyzed. The results of the experimental study of the components of the professional readiness to work on a specialty are highlighted. The prospects for further research in the context of improving professional training in the field of special education are outlined.

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