Genetical Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar Endogenous Affective Psychoses

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Trzebiatowska-Trzeciak
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Genetical Analysis ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Morbidity Risk ◽  
Second Degree

The mode of inheritance of affective psychoses was studied in 800 first degree and 582 second degree relatives of 122 probands. Morbidity risk for unipolar depression was 12·0±3·2 and 11·4±2·7 per cent respectively for parents and siblings of probands suffering from unipolar depression. Morbidity risk for manic-depressive psychosis for the respective groups of first degree relatives of manic-depressive probands was 15·1±3·2 and 16·9±3·2 per cent. In second degree relatives the morbidity risk was 3·4±1·0 and 5·3±1·4 per cent for unipolar depression and manic-depressive psychosis respectively.The results indicate the role of genetical factors in the etiology of both types of affective disorder and show that unipolar depression and manic-depressive psychosis are distinct entities. The hypothesis of X-linked dominant transmission was not confirmed in either of these affective disorders. By means of the computational model of Slater, no results compatible with a polygenic inheritance of unipolar depression or manic-depressive psychosis were found.

The First Lithium Clinic in Hong Kong: A Chinese Profile

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sing Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
Laboratory Monitoring ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

A study of 50 Chinese patients referred to the first lithium clinic in Hong Kong revealed a high prevalence of recurrent mania and rarely unipolar depression. A history of delusions and hallucinations, and re-diagnosis from schizophrenia to manic depressive psychosis, were common. Lithium was prescribed after 3.9 episodes of illness, and at a dosage of 1,191 mg despite a moderate serum level of 0.63 mmol/l. Laboratory monitoring was haphazard, and polypharmacy was common. This might pose unnecessary risks to some patients.

Affective Disorder on Paternal and Maternal Sides

1973 ◽  
Vol 122 (566) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Mendlewicz ◽  
Ronald R. Fieve ◽  
John D. Rainer ◽  
Mima Cataldo
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Bipolar Illness ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Manic Depressive

Recent family studies of manic-depressive psychosis have emphasized the role of genetics in the aetiology of this bipolar illness (3, 8). However, the mode of genetic transmission is still unknown, the main controversy being between major gene and polygenic inheritance. Furthermore, it is not yet evident whether bipolar illness constitutes a homogeneous entity or whether it may be subdivided into different genetic subgroups. Mendlewicz, Fieve, Rainer, and Fleiss (1) recently produced some evidence that bipolar psychosis can be differentiated into two subgroups on the basis of family history data. Two matched samples of 30 patients each were studied, distinguished by the presence or absence of bipolar illness in their first degree relatives. The patients with a positive family history (FH+) in first degree relatives showed earlier onset of illness and more psychotic symptoms occurring in the manic phase. Alcoholism, if present, was of an episodic pattern. In patients with a negative family history (FH—), there was a later onset of illness; psychotic symptoms occurred usually in the depressive phase; and alcoholism, when present, tended to be chronic.

Ancestral Secondary Cases on Paternal and Maternal Sides in Bipolar Affective Illness

1978 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. S. Johnson ◽  
M. M. Leeman
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Single Dominant Gene ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Affective Illness ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Second Degree

SummaryAn analysis of the distribution of ancestral secondary cases of affective illness in families of patients with bipolar manic-depressive disorder was undertaken. Twenty probands with at least two affectively ill second degree relatives were available for study. Probands with both parents affected were excluded. The distribution of unilateral to bilateral pairs of all affected relatives, both excluding and including parents, of probands showed no significant differences from that expected in polygenic inheritance. However, separation into bipolar family history, positive or negative, showed significant differences from the expected ratio of unilateral to bilateral pairs in a bipolar family history positive group consistent with a single dominant gene inheritance.

Normothymotics, “Mood-Normalizers”

1963 ◽  
Vol 109 (463) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mogens Schou
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Drug Compounds ◽  
Almost All

The action of almost all drugs used so far in psychiatric pharmacotherapy has been directed against psychopathological symptoms or syndromes and not against mental diseases as such, the nosological entities defined by classical clinical psychiatry. In this paper the attention will be drawn towards a different type of drug: compounds with an action specific to a disease rather than to a symptom, and evidence will be presented for the existence within this class of a group that is characterized by being active against affective disorders (manic-depressive psychosis).Normothymotics, “mood-normalizers”, is proposed as a collective name for drugs belonging to this group.

Atypical Endogenous Psychosis. Report on a Family

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (497) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Kaij
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Endogenous Psychoses ◽  
Endogenous Psychosis

The classification and nature of psychoses with both schizophrenic and manic-depressive symptoms is still highly controversial. The original view based on the Kraepelinian dichotomy of endogenous psychoses was that the “mixed” or “schizo-affective” psychoses were mixed also in a genetic sense. This would mean that some individuals inherit both schizophrenic and manic-depressive Anlage. This view has not been confirmed. One alternative is that proposed by Kleist and Leonhard, namely, that atypical forms of endogenous psychoses exist, which are genetically independent of both schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. It seems, however, that Leonhard's concept has attracted little attention. Slater (1953) stated that Leonhard's work was “most interesting”, but hardly mentions it in his text-book of psychiatry (Mayer-Gross, Slater and Roth, 1960). An account of Leonhard's views on schizophrenia has however, been given by Fish (1958).

Molecular Link between Circadian Rhythmicity and Mood Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Faltraco ◽  
Denise Palm ◽  
Andrew Coogan ◽  
Frederick Simon ◽  
Oliver Tucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Internal Clock ◽  
Circadian Genes ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: The internal clock is driven by circadian genes [e.g., Clock, Bmal1, Per1-3, Cry1-2], hormones [e.g., melatonin, cortisol], as well as zeitgeber [‘synchronisers’]. Chronic disturbances in the circadian rhythm in patients diagnosed with mood disorders have been recognised for more than 50 years. Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarise the current knowledge and literature regarding circadian rhythms in the context of mood disorders, focussing on the role of circadian genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters. Method: The review presents the current knowledge and literature regarding circadian rhythms in mood disorders using the Pubmed database. Articles with a focus on circadian rhythms and mood disorders [n=123], particularly from 1973 to 2020, were included. Results: The article suggests a molecular link between disruptions in the circadian rhythm and mood disorders. Circadian disturbances, caused by the dysregulation of circadian genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters, often result in a clinical picture resembling depression. Conclusion: Circadian rhythms are intrinsically linked to affective disorders, such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder.

Vanilmandelicaciduria in the Different Clinical Phases of Manic Depressive Psychosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (533) ◽  
pp. 435-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Campanini ◽  
Alberto Catalano ◽  
Carlo De Risio ◽  
Giacomo Mardighian
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Relative Decrease ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Receptor Sites

The catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders proposes that 'some-if not all-depressions are associated with an absolute or relative decrease in catecholamines, particularly norepinephrine, available at central adrenergic receptor sites. Elation, conversely, may be associated with an excess of such amines' (Schildkraut, 1965).

Urinary Excretion of Cyclic Amp and Manic-Depressive Psychosis

1972 ◽  
Vol 120 (557) ◽  
pp. 405-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Brown ◽  
J. G. Salway ◽  
J. D. M. Albano ◽  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
R. P. Ekins
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Manic Patients

Recently several communications have been published implicating impaired 3′5′ cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) metabolism as a causal factor in affective disorders (1, 3, 7, 8, 9, 11). In particular, the urinary excretion of cyclic AMP in manic patients is reported to be increased compared with that of normal subjects, whereas in depressed patients a decreased excretion has been observed (1, 7, 8, 9). These findings form the basis of a theory explaining the systemic and mental symptoms of affective disorders (1).

The Effectiveness of Lithium in Affective and Schizo-Affective Psychoses

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (584) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Smulevitch ◽  
G. I. Zavidovskaya ◽  
A. L. Igonin ◽  
N. M. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Prophylactic Drug

Recently, though the value of lithium salts has been supported by a number of careful studies (1–6), it has become increasingly evident that as a preventive of affective and schizoaffective psychoses the use of lithium is far from being universally effective and that it does not always lead to a complete disappearance of phases and attacks (7–8). The most generally held view (9–13) of lithium as a prophylactic drug is that it is of most value in preventing the recurrent affective attacks of patients with manic-depressive psychosis and cyclothymia.

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