The Effectiveness of Lithium in Affective and Schizo-Affective Psychoses

1974 ◽  
Vol 125 (584) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Smulevitch ◽  
G. I. Zavidovskaya ◽  
A. L. Igonin ◽  
N. M. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Prophylactic Drug

Recently, though the value of lithium salts has been supported by a number of careful studies (1–6), it has become increasingly evident that as a preventive of affective and schizoaffective psychoses the use of lithium is far from being universally effective and that it does not always lead to a complete disappearance of phases and attacks (7–8). The most generally held view (9–13) of lithium as a prophylactic drug is that it is of most value in preventing the recurrent affective attacks of patients with manic-depressive psychosis and cyclothymia.

Atypical Endogenous Psychosis. Report on a Family

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (497) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Kaij
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Text Book ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Endogenous Psychoses ◽  
Endogenous Psychosis

The classification and nature of psychoses with both schizophrenic and manic-depressive symptoms is still highly controversial. The original view based on the Kraepelinian dichotomy of endogenous psychoses was that the “mixed” or “schizo-affective” psychoses were mixed also in a genetic sense. This would mean that some individuals inherit both schizophrenic and manic-depressive Anlage. This view has not been confirmed. One alternative is that proposed by Kleist and Leonhard, namely, that atypical forms of endogenous psychoses exist, which are genetically independent of both schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis. It seems, however, that Leonhard's concept has attracted little attention. Slater (1953) stated that Leonhard's work was “most interesting”, but hardly mentions it in his text-book of psychiatry (Mayer-Gross, Slater and Roth, 1960). An account of Leonhard's views on schizophrenia has however, been given by Fish (1958).

Metabolic Balance Studies on the Effect of Lithium Salts in Manic-Depressive Psychosis

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (517) ◽  
pp. 1561-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. McDonald ◽  
G. A. Dransfield ◽  
R. P. Hullin ◽  
J. C. Swinscoe
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Lithium Salts ◽  
Metabolic Balance ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive

The specific therapeutic effect of lithium salts in the treatment of the manic phases of manicdepressive psychosis was first reported by Cade (1949) and has been confirmed in a number of studies since (Schou, Juel-Nielson, Strömgren and Voldby, 1954; Maggs, 1963; Hartigan, 1963). In view of the claims made by Baastrup (1964) and more recendy by Baastrup and Schou (1967) that lithium also has a prophylactic action against both manic and depressive phases of manic-depressive psychosis it is likely that lithium salts will be used increasingly by psychiatrists.

Genetical Analysis of Unipolar and Bipolar Endogenous Affective Psychoses

1977 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Trzebiatowska-Trzeciak
Keyword(s):  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Genetical Analysis ◽  
Polygenic Inheritance ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Morbidity Risk ◽  
Second Degree

The mode of inheritance of affective psychoses was studied in 800 first degree and 582 second degree relatives of 122 probands. Morbidity risk for unipolar depression was 12·0±3·2 and 11·4±2·7 per cent respectively for parents and siblings of probands suffering from unipolar depression. Morbidity risk for manic-depressive psychosis for the respective groups of first degree relatives of manic-depressive probands was 15·1±3·2 and 16·9±3·2 per cent. In second degree relatives the morbidity risk was 3·4±1·0 and 5·3±1·4 per cent for unipolar depression and manic-depressive psychosis respectively.The results indicate the role of genetical factors in the etiology of both types of affective disorder and show that unipolar depression and manic-depressive psychosis are distinct entities. The hypothesis of X-linked dominant transmission was not confirmed in either of these affective disorders. By means of the computational model of Slater, no results compatible with a polygenic inheritance of unipolar depression or manic-depressive psychosis were found.

Manic-Depressive Psychosis: An Alternative Conceptual Model

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (517) ◽  
pp. 1523-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Court
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Human Behaviour ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽  
Manic Depressive

The traditional concept of manic-depressive psychosis has been either a bi-polar or a circular one, used interchangeably. The psychoanalytic school has invoked the polarity of much of human behaviour as an appropriate analogy. For example “The tragedy is succeeded by the satyr play: after the serious worship of God comes the merry fair… On the same basis the same sequence is represented by the cycle of guilt feelings and unscrupulousness, later by the sequence of guilt feelings and forgiveness…. The manic-depressive cycle is a cycle between periods of increased and decreased guilt feelings: … this cycle, in the last analysis, goes back to the biological cycle of hunger and satiety in the infant” (Fenichel, 1946, p. 409).

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