scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal mucosa of rats.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Olson ◽  
J L Martin ◽  
A C LaRosa ◽  
A N Brady ◽  
L R Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Dimethyl Adipate ◽  
Nasal Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Solvents

The enzymatic esterase activity of carboxylesterases is integral to the nasal toxicity of many esters used as industrial solvents or in polymer manufacture, including propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate, and ethyl acrylate. Inhalation of these chemicals specifically damages the olfactory mucosa of rodents. We report the localization and differential distribution of a 59 KD carboxylesterase in nasal tissues of the rat by immunohistochemistry. Rabbit antiserum against the 59 KD rat liver microsomal carboxylesterase bound most prominently to the olfactory mucosa when applied to decalcified, paraffin-embedded sections of rat nasal turbinates. Within the olfactory mucosa, anti-carboxylesterase did not bind to sensory neurons, the target cell for ester-initiated toxicity; these cells apparently lack carboxylesterase. Instead, the antibody was preferentially bound by cells of Bowman's glands and sustentacular epithelial cells which are immediately adjacent to the olfactory nerve cells. In contrast, non-olfactory tissues (respiratory mucosa and squamous epithelium), which are more resistant to the toxicity of esters, had less carboxylesterase content. The distribution of immunoreactivity correlated well with the distribution of carboxylesterase catalytic activity described elsewhere. These findings help to link the metabolic fate of inhaled esters to the site-specific pathological findings that follow exposure to such chemicals.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural localization of connexins (Cx36, Cx43, Cx45), glutamate receptors and aquaporin-4 in rodent olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 307-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Rash ◽  
Kimberly G. V. Davidson ◽  
Naomi Kamasawa ◽  
Thomas Yasumura ◽  
Masami Kamasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Aquaporin 4

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of superoxide dismutases in fetal and neonatal rat tissues.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1705-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Munim ◽  
K Asayama ◽  
K Dobashi ◽  
K Suzuki ◽  
A Kawaoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
Manganese Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Copper Zinc

We investigated the developmental profile of copper-zinc and manganese superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD and MnSOD) in tissue sections obtained from fetal (Day 12 to 21 of gestation) and neonatal (Day 0 and 6) rats. Tissues were stained immunohistochemically with specific antisera against the respective rat SODs. There was a general trend towards richness of SODs in the epithelial linings and metabolically active sites, although differential distribution between the two SODs also existed. At Day 12 of gestation, immunoreactivity for both SODs was detected in the cardiomyocytes but not in other tissues. Hepatocytes expressed CuZnSOD at Day 14 and MnSOD at Day 17. By Day 18 CuZnSOD was detected in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, pancreatic islets, kidneys, and adrenals. These tissues exhibited MnSOD staining at Day 19. CuZnSOD occurred in the epithelia of the thyroid, thymus, and salivary glands at Day 19, while MnSOD was seen at Day 21. The increase in intensity of the staining for SODs occurred no later than postnatal Day 0, indicating that most tissues accumulated SODs during late gestation. Breathing atmospheric oxygen during early extrauterine life did not appreciably intensify the SOD staining. These results suggest that perinatal increase in SODs occurs as a general mechanism of preparation for birth.

Olfactory evoked potentials: experimental and clinical studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Sato ◽  
Namio Kodama ◽  
Tatsuya Sasaki ◽  
Mamoru Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
Olfactory Tract ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Olfactory evoked potentials (OEPs), obtained by electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa, were recorded in dogs and humans to develop an objective method for evaluating olfactory functions. In dogs, OEPs were recorded from the olfactory tract and the scalp. The latency of the first negative peak was approximately 40 msec. A response was not obtained after stimulation of the nasal mucosa and disappeared after sectioning of the olfactory nerve. With increasing frequencies of repetitive stimulation, the amplitude was reduced, suggesting that the response was synaptically mediated. These results demonstrate that evoked potentials from the olfactory tract and the scalp following electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa originate specifically from the olfactory system. In humans, a stimulating electrode with a soft catheter was fixed on the olfactory mucosa. The OEPs from the olfactory tract, recorded with a negative peak of approximately 27 msec, had similar characteristics to OEPs found in dogs. The OEPs from the olfactory tract in humans also originate specifically from the olfactory system. The authors postulate that OEPs obtained by electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa may prove useful for intraoperative monitoring of olfactory functions.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE OLFACTORY MUCOSA AND OLFACTORY NERVE

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. de Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cell ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Distal Process ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

The olfactory receptor cell is characterized by a distal process (the dendrite) which terminates in the olfactory passage as the olfactory rod. The olfactory rod is provided with numerous cilia which are similar in structure to those seen in other tissues. The central processes of the bipolar cell constitute the fila olfactoria. The cytoplasmic organelles of the sustentacular cell are concentrated at the apical and basal ends of the cell with a paucity of cytoplasmic elements in the region of the nucleus. The plasma membrane of the supporting cell forms a mesaxon for both the dendrite and axon of the bipolar cell. Terminal bars are present in the epithelial cells. The axons constituting the fila olfactoria form fascicles which are ensheathed by mesaxons of adjacent Schwann cells. Thus the olfactory neurons are ensheathed throughout their course by the membranes of sustentacular and Schwann cells. Observations of the olfactory mucosa with the electron microscope are discussed with respect to recent electrophysiological studies.

Electrochemical, Photophysical and Theoretical Studies of Novel Zinc Phthalocyanines

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 5402-5410
Author(s):  
Rangaraju Satish Kumar ◽  
Naveen Mergu ◽  
Kyeong Su Min ◽  
Young-A Son
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Color Filter ◽  
Glycol Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Good Solubility ◽  
Zinc Phthalocyanines ◽  
Aggregation Property ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Industrial Solvents

In this research, we successfully synthesized three novel zinc phthalocyanines and applied for electrochemical and photo physical properties. These phthalocyanines are naphthoxy derivatives with methyl, benzyl and butyl-benzyl, with halo substitution (PCME, PCBN and PCBBN) and poses very good solubility in all industrial solvents. To check the preliminary results of LCD green color filter properties of these molecules, we taken the UV-Visible absorption and transmittance studies in Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate and achieved around 90% of transmittance in the region of 400–550 nm. Further understand the solubility of our phthalocyanines, we checked the aggregation property in PGMEA and we observed no any aggregation. All compounds showed very nice electro chemical properties with nice oxidation and reduction peaks. These phthalocyanines are fit for LCD color filter applications. Finally to get insights of the electronic and UV-Visible properties of the new dyes, the DFT calculations were performed.

scholarly journals Differential distribution of S-100 protein and vimentin in the hypophyseal pars tuberalis of the guinea pig.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kameda
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Pars Tuberalis ◽  
Pars Distalis ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Folliculostellate Cells ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Late Stages

In the hypophyseal pars tuberalis of guinea pigs, I examined immunohistochemical localization and development of vimentin and S-100 protein in comparison with those of the pars distalis. In the pars distalis, almost all folliculostellate cells expressed intense immunoreactivity for vimentin. A subpopulation of vimentin-immunoreactive folliculostellate cells was also immunoreactive for S-100 protein. During fetal development, vimentin-immunoreactive cells appeared at mid-gestation in the pars distalis and became numerous at late stages, whereas only a few S-100 immunoreactive cells were observed even at late stages. In the pars tuberalis, a large number of vimentin-immunoreactive cells were distributed in the cranial region surrounding the median eminence and the dorsocaudal region surrounding the infundibular stalk. These cells, however, were sparse in the ventrocaudal region in continuity with the pars distalis. Conversely, dense distribution of S-100 immunoreactive cells was restricted in the ventrocaudal region. Vimentin-immunoreactive cells were elongated and were mostly distributed as solitary cells, whereas S-100 immunoreactive cells were gathered in large or small cell groups and frequently formed colloid-containing follicles. During fetal development, large cell groups immunoreactive for S-100 protein were detected at late stages in the ventrocaudal region. Therefore, in the pars tuberalis S-100 immunoreactive cells are distinct from the vimentin cells and do not correspond to the folliculostellate cells of the pars distalis.

scholarly journals The Olfactory Mucosa of the Sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean E Kratzing
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Free Edge ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells

The olfactory mucosa of the sheep was studied by light and electron microscopy. The epithelium conforms to the general vertebrate pattern and consists of olfactory receptor cells, supporting, and basal cells. The free edge of the epithelium is made up of long microvilli from the supporting cells and olfactory rods of the receptor cells, each carrying 40-50 cilia. All cell types contain large dark granules which may be the site of olfactory pigment. The basement membrane is not visible in light microscopy and is fine and discontinuous in electron microscopy. Bowman's glands are simple, tubular, mucus-secreting glands in the lamina propria. Their cells contain basal granules resembling those in the epithelial cells. The lamina propria also contains bundles of fine, unmyelinated, olfactory nerve fibres which are the proximal continuations of the receptor cells.

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