Histological and histochemical studies of the secretory components of the salamander olfactory mucosa: Effects of isoproterenol and olfactory nerve section

1984 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn L. Getchell ◽  
Jos� A. Rafols ◽  
Thomas V. Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Nerve Section

Homing performances of inexperienced and directionally trained pigeons subjected to olfactory nerve section

1973 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Benvenuti ◽  
V. Fiaschi ◽  
L. Fiore ◽  
F. Papi
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Section

scholarly journals Ultrastructural localization of connexins (Cx36, Cx43, Cx45), glutamate receptors and aquaporin-4 in rodent olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 307-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Rash ◽  
Kimberly G. V. Davidson ◽  
Naomi Kamasawa ◽  
Thomas Yasumura ◽  
Masami Kamasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Aquaporin 4

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical localization of carboxylesterase in the nasal mucosa of rats.

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Olson ◽  
J L Martin ◽  
A C LaRosa ◽  
A N Brady ◽  
L R Pohl
Keyword(s):  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Ethyl Acrylate ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Immunohistochemical Localization ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Dimethyl Adipate ◽  
Nasal Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Solvents

The enzymatic esterase activity of carboxylesterases is integral to the nasal toxicity of many esters used as industrial solvents or in polymer manufacture, including propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, dimethyl adipate, and ethyl acrylate. Inhalation of these chemicals specifically damages the olfactory mucosa of rodents. We report the localization and differential distribution of a 59 KD carboxylesterase in nasal tissues of the rat by immunohistochemistry. Rabbit antiserum against the 59 KD rat liver microsomal carboxylesterase bound most prominently to the olfactory mucosa when applied to decalcified, paraffin-embedded sections of rat nasal turbinates. Within the olfactory mucosa, anti-carboxylesterase did not bind to sensory neurons, the target cell for ester-initiated toxicity; these cells apparently lack carboxylesterase. Instead, the antibody was preferentially bound by cells of Bowman's glands and sustentacular epithelial cells which are immediately adjacent to the olfactory nerve cells. In contrast, non-olfactory tissues (respiratory mucosa and squamous epithelium), which are more resistant to the toxicity of esters, had less carboxylesterase content. The distribution of immunoreactivity correlated well with the distribution of carboxylesterase catalytic activity described elsewhere. These findings help to link the metabolic fate of inhaled esters to the site-specific pathological findings that follow exposure to such chemicals.

Neurogenesis in olfactory epithelium: loss and recovery of transepithelial voltage transients following olfactory nerve section

1981 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 516-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Simmons ◽  
T. V. Getchell
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Olfactory Receptor ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Retrograde Degeneration ◽  
Transepithelial Voltage ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Voltage Transients

1. Unilateral olfactory nerve section was performed on the salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum. Physiological recordings and macroscopic observations were made to investigate the physiological correlates of functional recovery in the olfactory epithelium. 2. Slow transepithelial voltage transients, Veog, evoked by several odorous stimuli systematically decreased in amplitude during the initial 7 days and were not recorded at 10 days following nerve section, suggesting retrograde degeneration of receptor neurons. This was true for negative Veog(-), and positive, Veog(+), response components. Responses obtained from the untreated contralateral side of each animal remained similar to nonaxotomized controls. 3. Progressive recovery of the voltage transients was studied at 24, 45, 80, and 100 days following nerve section. At all stages of recovery, the wave form and time course of the responses were characteristic for each stimulus. This suggested that the response properties of the newly differentiated neuronal population were similar to those of the mature population. 4. At 100 days, response amplitudes evoked by all stimuli were similar to control values at all recording sites on the epithelial surface. The simultaneous loss and recovery of positive and negative components of the Veog indicated that the sources of both are dependent on the presence of functionally mature olfactory receptor neurons. 5. Visual inspection indicated that the olfactory nerve was reconstituted and reconnected to the olfactory bulb between 30-60 days following transection. The fact that physiological activity was recorded in the epithelium prior to this event suggests that molecular recognition and sensory transduction are not dependent on connectivity with the olfactory bulb. 6. It is concluded that physiological recovery of the olfactory receptor cell population occurs following axotomy. The time course of recovery was consistent with morphological evidence (see Ref. 57), indicating that newly differentiated receptor neurons are derived from cells in the basal region of the epithelium and replace the population lost through retrograde degeneration.

Post-traumatic parosmia treated by olfactory nerve section

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Partha Sarangi ◽  
Tipu Z. Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Post Traumatic

Olfactory evoked potentials: experimental and clinical studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Sato ◽  
Namio Kodama ◽  
Tatsuya Sasaki ◽  
Mamoru Ohta
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Olfactory System ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Negative Peak ◽  
Olfactory Tract ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Stimulation Of

✓ Olfactory evoked potentials (OEPs), obtained by electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa, were recorded in dogs and humans to develop an objective method for evaluating olfactory functions. In dogs, OEPs were recorded from the olfactory tract and the scalp. The latency of the first negative peak was approximately 40 msec. A response was not obtained after stimulation of the nasal mucosa and disappeared after sectioning of the olfactory nerve. With increasing frequencies of repetitive stimulation, the amplitude was reduced, suggesting that the response was synaptically mediated. These results demonstrate that evoked potentials from the olfactory tract and the scalp following electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa originate specifically from the olfactory system. In humans, a stimulating electrode with a soft catheter was fixed on the olfactory mucosa. The OEPs from the olfactory tract, recorded with a negative peak of approximately 27 msec, had similar characteristics to OEPs found in dogs. The OEPs from the olfactory tract in humans also originate specifically from the olfactory system. The authors postulate that OEPs obtained by electrical stimulation of the olfactory mucosa may prove useful for intraoperative monitoring of olfactory functions.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE OLFACTORY MUCOSA AND OLFACTORY NERVE

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. de Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cell ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Distal Process ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

The olfactory receptor cell is characterized by a distal process (the dendrite) which terminates in the olfactory passage as the olfactory rod. The olfactory rod is provided with numerous cilia which are similar in structure to those seen in other tissues. The central processes of the bipolar cell constitute the fila olfactoria. The cytoplasmic organelles of the sustentacular cell are concentrated at the apical and basal ends of the cell with a paucity of cytoplasmic elements in the region of the nucleus. The plasma membrane of the supporting cell forms a mesaxon for both the dendrite and axon of the bipolar cell. Terminal bars are present in the epithelial cells. The axons constituting the fila olfactoria form fascicles which are ensheathed by mesaxons of adjacent Schwann cells. Thus the olfactory neurons are ensheathed throughout their course by the membranes of sustentacular and Schwann cells. Observations of the olfactory mucosa with the electron microscope are discussed with respect to recent electrophysiological studies.

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