scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE OLFACTORY MUCOSA AND OLFACTORY NERVE

1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. de Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Bipolar Cell ◽  
Receptor Cell ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Distal Process ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies

The olfactory receptor cell is characterized by a distal process (the dendrite) which terminates in the olfactory passage as the olfactory rod. The olfactory rod is provided with numerous cilia which are similar in structure to those seen in other tissues. The central processes of the bipolar cell constitute the fila olfactoria. The cytoplasmic organelles of the sustentacular cell are concentrated at the apical and basal ends of the cell with a paucity of cytoplasmic elements in the region of the nucleus. The plasma membrane of the supporting cell forms a mesaxon for both the dendrite and axon of the bipolar cell. Terminal bars are present in the epithelial cells. The axons constituting the fila olfactoria form fascicles which are ensheathed by mesaxons of adjacent Schwann cells. Thus the olfactory neurons are ensheathed throughout their course by the membranes of sustentacular and Schwann cells. Observations of the olfactory mucosa with the electron microscope are discussed with respect to recent electrophysiological studies.

scholarly journals Histological and Electron Microscopic Studies of Endemic Ethmoidal Carcinomas in Cattle

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pospischil ◽  
T. Haenichen ◽  
H. Schaeffler
Keyword(s):  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Tumor Types

In five cases of endemic ethmoidal carcinoma in cattle from the Dominican Republic three tumor types could be classified: undifferentiated carcinoma (3), adenocarcinoma (1), and squamous cell carcinoma (1). Electron microscopy showed that the tumor cells in undifferentiated carcinomas closely resembled the cells of the normal olfactory mucosa. This was especially true for the dark cells of Bowman's gland. Ultrastructurally, the lymphoid cells of the undifferentiated bovine carcinoma resembled the lymphoid cells of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma being closely associated with Epstein-Barr Virus. This and epidemiological observations suggested a viral cause of endemic ethmoidal carcinoma.

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical evidence for the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger in squid olfactory neurons

2000 ◽  
Vol 355 (1401) ◽  
pp. 1215-1218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. Lucero ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Tu Dang
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antiserum ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Olfactory Neurons ◽  
Pseudostratified Epithelium ◽  
Electrophysiological Studies ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence ◽  
Olfactory Organs ◽  
Rapid Activation ◽  
Lolliguncula Brevis

The olfactory organs from the squid Lolliguncula brevis are composed of a pseudostratified epithelium containing five morphological subtypes of chemosensory neurons and ciliated support cells. Physiological recordings have been made from two of the subtypes and only the type 4 neuron has been studied in detail. Odour–stimulated increases in intracellular calcium and rapid activation of an electrogenic Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger current in type 4 neurons suggest that the exchanger proteins are localized very close to the transduction machinery. Electrophysiological studies have shown that olfactory signal transduction takes place in the apical ciliary regions of olfactory neurons. Using polyclonal antiserum against squid Na + /Ca 2+ proteins, we observed specific staining in the ciliary region of cells that resemble type 2, 3, 4 and 5 neurons. Staining was also observed in axon bundles, and in muscle tissue. Collectively, these data support the model that Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger proteins are localized to transduction machinery in cilia of type 4 neurons and suggest that the other olfactory subtypes also use Ca 2+ during chemosensory responses.

scholarly journals Ultrastructural localization of connexins (Cx36, Cx43, Cx45), glutamate receptors and aquaporin-4 in rodent olfactory mucosa, olfactory nerve and olfactory bulb

2005 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 307-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Rash ◽  
Kimberly G. V. Davidson ◽  
Naomi Kamasawa ◽  
Thomas Yasumura ◽  
Masami Kamasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Aquaporin 4

scholarly journals Development of olfactory nerve glia defined by a monoclonal antibody specific for schwann cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Norgren ◽  
Nancy Ratner ◽  
Robert Brackenbury
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Olfactory Nerve

scholarly journals Distribution of N-CAM in synaptic and extrasynaptic portions of developing and adult skeletal muscle.

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 716-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Covault ◽  
J R Sanes
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adult Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Embryonic Muscle ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Previous studies of denervated and cultured muscle have shown that the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) in muscle is regulated by the muscle's state of innervation and that N-CAM might mediate some developmentally important nerve-muscle interactions. As a first step in learning whether N-CAM might regulate or be regulated by nerve-muscle interactions during normal development, we have used light and electron microscopic immunohistochemical methods to study its distribution in embryonic, perinatal, and adult rat muscle. In embryonic muscle, N-CAM is uniformly present on the surface of myotubes and in intramuscular nerves; N-CAM is also present on myoblasts, both in vivo and in cultures of embryonic muscle. N-CAM is lost from the nerves as myelination proceeds, and from myotubes as they mature. The loss of N-CAM from extrasynaptic portions of the myotube is a complex process, comprising a rapid rearrangement as secondary myotubes form, a phase of decline late in embryogenesis, a transient reappearance perinatally, and a more gradual disappearance during the first two postnatal weeks. Throughout embryonic and perinatal life, N-CAM is present at similar levels in synaptic and extrasynaptic regions of the myotube surface. However, N-CAM becomes concentrated in synaptic regions postnatally: it is present in postsynaptic and perisynaptic areas of the muscle fiber, both on the surface and intracellularly (in T-tubules), but undetectable in portions of muscle fibers distant from synapses. In addition, N-CAM is present on the surfaces of motor nerve terminals and of Schwann cells that cap nerve terminals, but absent from myelinated portions of motor axons and from myelinating Schwann cells. Thus, in the adult, N-CAM is present in synaptic but not extrasynaptic portions of all three cell types that comprise the neuromuscular junction. The times and places at which N-CAM appears are consistent with its playing several distinct roles in myogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic maintenance, including alignment of secondary along primary myotubes, early interactions of axons with myotubes, and adhesion of Schwann cells to nerve terminals.

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