scholarly journals Deriving Atmospheric Temperature of the Tropopause Region–Upper Troposphere by Combining Information from GPS Radio Occultation Refractivity and High-Spectral-Resolution Infrared Radiance Measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 2300-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva E. Borbas ◽  
W. Paul Menzel ◽  
Elisabeth Weisz ◽  
Dezso Devenyi
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Estimation ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Radio Occultation ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Tropopause Region

Abstract Global positioning system radio occultation (GPS/RO) measurements from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C (SAC-C) satellites are used to improve tropospheric profile retrievals derived from the Aqua platform high-spectral-resolution Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and broadband Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) measurements under clear-sky conditions. This paper compares temperature retrievals from combined AIRS, AMSU, and CHAMP/SAC-C measurements using different techniques: 1) a principal component statistical regression using coefficients established between real (and in a few cases calculated) measurements and radiosonde atmospheric profiles; and 2) a Bayesian estimation method applied to AIRS plus AMSU temperature retrievals and GPS/RO temperature profiles. The Bayesian estimation method was also applied to GPS/RO data and the AIRS Science Team operational level-2 (version 4.0) temperature products for comparison. In this study, including GPS/RO data in the tropopause region produces the largest improvement in AIRS–AMSU temperature retrievals—about 0.5 K between 100 and 300 hPa. GPS/RO data are found to provide valuable upper-tropospheric information that improves the profile retrievals from AIRS and AMSU.

scholarly journals The NPOESS Airborne Sounding Testbed Interferometer—Remotely Sensed Surface and Atmospheric Conditions during CLAMS

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1118-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Smith ◽  
D. K. Zhou ◽  
A. M. Larar ◽  
S. A. Mango ◽  
H. B. Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Infrared Radiance ◽  
Cross Track ◽  
Temperature Water

Abstract During the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS), the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I), flying aboard the high-altitude Proteus aircraft, observed the spatial distribution of infrared radiance across the 650–2700 cm−1 (3.7–15.4 μm) spectral region with a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm−1. NAST-I scans cross track with a moderate spatial resolution (a linear ground resolution equal to 13% of the aircraft altitude at nadir). The broad spectral coverage and high spectral resolution of this instrument provides abundant information about the surface and three-dimensional state of the atmosphere. In this paper, the NAST-I measurements and geophysical product retrieval methodology employed for CLAMS are described. Example results of surface properties and atmospheric temperature, water vapor, ozone, and carbon monoxide distributions are provided. The CLAMS NAST-I geophysical dataset is available for use by the scientific community.

scholarly journals Added-value of GEO-hyperspectral Infrared Radiances for Local Severe Storm Forecasts Using the Hybrid OSSE Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Wang ◽  
Zhenglong Li ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Timothy J. Schmit
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Severe Storm ◽  
Impact Studies ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHigh spectral resolution (or hyperspectral) infrared (IR) sounders onboard low earth orbiting satellites provide high vertical resolution atmospheric information for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. In contrast, imagers on geostationary (GEO) satellites provide high temporal and spatial resolution which are important for monitoring the moisture associated with severe weather systems, such as rapidly developing local severe storms (LSS). A hyperspectral IR sounder onboard a geostationary satellite would provide four-dimensional atmospheric temperature, moisture, and wind profiles that have both high vertical resolution and high temporal/spatial resolutions. In this work, the added-value from a GEO-hyperspectral IR sounder is studied and discussed using a hybrid Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) method. A hybrid OSSE is distinctively different from the traditional OSSE in that, (a) only future sensors are simulated from the nature run and (b) the forecasts can be evaluated using real observations. This avoids simulating the complicated observation characteristics of the current systems (but not the new proposed system) and allows the impact to be assessed against real observations. The Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) full spectral resolution (FSR) is assumed to be onboard a GEO for the impact studies, and the GEO CrIS radiances are simulated from the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) with the hyperspectral IR all-sky radiative transfer model (HIRTM). The simulated GEO CrIS radiances are validated and the hybrid OSSE system is verified before the impact assessment. Two LSS cases from 2018 and 2019 are selected to evaluate the value-added impacts from the GEO CrIS-FSR data. The impact studies show improved atmospheric temperature, moisture, and precipitation forecasts, along with some improvements in the wind forecasts. An added-value, consisting of an overall 5% Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reduction, was found when a GEO CrIS-FSR is used in replacement of LEO ones indicating the potential for applications of data from a GEO hyperspectral IR sounder to improve local severe storm forecasts.

scholarly journals A principal component noise filter for high spectral resolution infrared measurements

2004 ◽  
Vol 109 (D23) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Antonelli ◽  
H. E. Revercomb ◽  
L. A. Sromovsky ◽  
W. L. Smith ◽  
R. O. Knuteson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Noise Filter ◽  
Infrared Measurements

Detection of atmospheric temperature by using polarization high-spectral-resolution lidar

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2109
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jingzhe Pang ◽  
Ning Chen ◽  
Wanlin Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
High Spectral Resolution Lidar

scholarly journals High spectral resolution lidar at the university of wisconsin-madison

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Ilya I. Razenkov ◽  
Edwin W. Eloranta
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Extinction Cross Section ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature Profile ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
The University ◽  
High Spectral Resolution Lidar

This paper describes the modifications done on the University of Wisconsin-Madison High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) that improved the instrument’s performance. The University of Wisconsin HSRL lidars designed by our group at the Space Science and Engineering Center were deployed in numerous field campaigns in various locations around the world. Over the years the instruments have undergone multiple modifications that improved the performance and added new measurement capabilities such as atmospheric temperature profile and extinction cross-section measurements.

scholarly journals Advances in atmospheric temperature profile measurements using high spectral resolution lidar

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Ilya I. Razenkov ◽  
Edwin W. Eloranta
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Rayleigh Backscattering ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature Profile ◽  
High Spectral Resolution Lidar

This paper reports the atmospheric temperature profile measurements using a University of Wisconsin-Madison High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and describes improvements in the instrument performance. HSRL discriminates between Mie and Rayleigh backscattering [1]. Thermal motion of molecules broadens the spectrum of the transmitted laser light due to Doppler effect. The HSRL exploits this property to allow the absolute calibration of the lidar and measurements of the aerosol volume backscatter coefficient. Two iodine absorption filters with different line widths are used to resolve temperature sensitive changes in Rayleigh backscattering for atmospheric temperature profile measurements.

scholarly journals Denoising Algorithm for the FY-4A GIIRS Based on Principal Component Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 2710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sihui Fan ◽  
Wei Han ◽  
Zhiqiu Gao ◽  
Ruoying Yin ◽  
Yu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Spectral Resolution ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
High Spectral Resolution ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Observation Error ◽  
Array Position

The Geostationary Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) is the first high-spectral resolution advanced infrared (IR) sounder onboard the new-generation Chinese geostationary meteorological satellite FengYun-4A (FY-4A). The GIIRS has 1650 channels, and its spectrum ranges from 700 to 2250 cm−1 with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.625 cm−1. It represents a significant breakthrough for measurements with high temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions worldwide. Many GIIRS channels have quite similar spectral signal characteristics that are highly correlated with each other in content and have a high degree of information redundancy. Therefore, this paper applies a principal component analysis (PCA)-based denoising algorithm (PDA) to study simulation data with different noise levels and observation data to reduce noise. The results show that the channel reconstruction using inter-channel spatial dependency and spectral similarity can reduce the noise in the observation brightness temperature (BT). A comparison of the BT observed by the GIIRS (O) with the BT simulated by the radiative transfer model (B) shows that a deviation occurs in the observation channel depending on the observation array. The results show that the array features of the reconstructed observation BT (rrO) depending on the observation array are weakened and the effect of the array position on the observations in the sub-center of the field of regard (FOR) are partially eliminated after the PDA procedure is applied. The high observation and simulation differences (O-B) in the sub-center of the FOR array notably reduced after the PDA procedure is implemented. The improvement of the high O-B is more distinct, and the low O-B becomes smoother. In each scan line, the standard deviation of the reconstructed background departures (rrO-B) is lower than that of the background departures (O-B). The observation error calculated by posterior estimation based on variational assimilation also verifies the efficiency of the PDA. The typhoon experiment also shows that among the 29 selected assimilation channels, the observation error of 65% of the channels was reduced as calculated by the triangle method.

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