Thermodynamic and Kinetic Models for Removal of Thorium from Aqueous Solution

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
P. Indhumathi ◽  
S. Sathiyaraj ◽  
U. S. Shoba ◽  
P. S. Syed Shabudeen ◽  
C. Jayabalakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Kinetic Models ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorptive Removal ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Adsorption is a unique process for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater since the process is cost effective, easily adoptable and environmentally compatible. The micro algae are a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Thorium (VI) removal from aqueous solution. The specific surface area of the microalgae was determined and its properties studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorptive removal of Thorium (VI) from aqueous solution on micro algae has been studied under varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and pH to assess the kinetic and equilibrium parameters. Adsorption equilibrium was obtained in 120 min for 20 to 120 mg/L of Thorium (VI) concentrations. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Redlich-Peterson isotherm models, kinetic models and thermodynamic models were found to provide an excellent fitting of the adsorption data. The adsorption capacity of thorium 91.73% maximum percent removal in thorium at pH 3. This adsorbent was found to be effective and economically attractive.

scholarly journals Ricinus CommunisPericarp Activated Carbon Used as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Ni(II) From Aqueous Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Madhavakrishnan ◽  
K. Manickavasagam ◽  
K. Rasappan ◽  
P. S. Syed Shabudeen ◽  
R. Venkatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Initial Ph

Activated carbon prepared from Ricinus communis Pericarp was used to remove Ni(II) from aqueous solution by adsorption. Batch mode adsorption experiments are carried out by varying contact time, metal-ion concentration, carbon concentration and pH to assess kinetic and equilibrium parameters. The adsorption data were modeled by using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity (Qo) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm was 31.15 mg/g of activated carbon at initial pH of 5.0±0.2 for the particle size 125-250 µm.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Cr6+ Onto Unmodified and Hydrochloric Acid Modified African Nutmeg Pod (Monodora myristica) from Aqueous Solution

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. U. Okwunodulu ◽  
H. O. Chukwuemeka-Okorie ◽  
N. M. Mgbemena ◽  
J. B. I. Kalu
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Monodora Myristica ◽  
Best Fit

The removal of Cr6+ from aqueous solution using unmodified and hydrochloric modified African nutmeg pod was studied. The effects of particle size, pH and initial metal ions concentration adsorbed were investigated. The amount of metal ion adsorbed increased as the initial metal ion concentration increased and also decreased at low pH of 2 for both modified and unmodified African nutmeg pod.  400 µm and 250 µm were the optimum particle sizes for both modified and unmodified African nutmeg pod respectively, values given as 75.8 mg/g for the modified and 93.39 mg/g for the unmodified. Generally, it was observed that the unmodified African nutmeg pod showed greater adsorption capacity than the modified African nutmeg pod. The equilibrium experimental data were examined via Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models.  Freundlich isotherm model gave the best fit for the data in both unmodified and modified African nutmeg pod based on the correlation coefficients (R2 values) gotten. The results of the study showed that the African nutmeg pod is efficient for the removal of Cr6+ from aqueous solutions especially when unmodified.

scholarly journals Utilization of Sago Waste as an Adsorbent for the Removal of Cu(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Maheswari ◽  
N. Venilamani ◽  
S. Madhavakrishnan ◽  
P. S. Syed Shabudeen ◽  
R. Venckatesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Equilibrium Isotherm ◽  
Particle Size Range ◽  
Industry Waste ◽  
Sago Waste

The preparation of activated carbon (AC) from sago industry waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Cu(II) removal, as well as dispose of sago industry waste. The AC was prepared using sago industry waste with H2SO4and (NH4)2S2O8and physico-chemical properties of AC were investigated. The specific surface area of the activated carbon was determined and its properties studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Adsorptive removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution onto AC prepared from sago industry waste has been studied under varying conditions of agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose and pH to assess the kinetic and equilibrium parameters. Adsorption equilibrium was obtained in 60min for 20 to 50mg/L of Cu(II) concentrations. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium isotherm models were found to provide an excellent fitting of the adsorption data. In Freundlich equilibrium isotherm, the RL values obtained were in the range of 0 to 1 (0.043 to 0.31) for Cu(II) concentration of 10 to 100mg/L, which indicates favorable adsorption of Cu(II) onto Sago waste carbon. The adsorption capacity of Cu(II) (Qo) obtained from the Langmuir equilibrium isotherm model was found to be 32.467 mg/g at pH 4 ± 0.2 for the particle size range of 125–250u. The percent removal increased with an increase in pH from 2 to 4. This adsorbent was found to be effective and economically attractive.

scholarly journals Selective Cu(II) Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Including Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II) by Modified Acrylic Acid Grafted PET Film

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazia Rahman ◽  
Nobuhiro Sato ◽  
Satoru Yoshioka ◽  
Masaaki Sugiyama ◽  
Hirotaka Okabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Adsorption Data ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Acrylic acid (AAc) grafted polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films were prepared by γ irradiation. The graft films showed little metal ion adsorption due to compact structure of the graft chains as shown by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images which restricted the access of metal ions to the functional groups. Therefore, the graft films were modified with KOH treatment for expansion of the graft chains to facilitate the access of metal ions to the functional groups. The modified films were used to study the selective Cu2+ adsorption from aqueous solution containing Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used for interpretation of selective equilibrium adsorption data and Langmuir model showed better fitting with experimental data. Again pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations were used for interpretation of selective kinetic adsorption data and pseudo-second-order equation showed better prediction of experimental data. The adsorbent film showed high selectivity towards Cu2+ in presence of Cu2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ in the pH range of 1.5 to 4.5. Desorption and reuse of the adsorbent film were also studied which indicated that the film can be used repeatedly for selective Cu2+ sorption from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Development of Wood Apple Shell (Feronia acidissima) Powder Biosorbent and Its Application for the Removal of Cd(II) from Aqueous Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. Suresh ◽  
D. Harikisore Kumar Reddy ◽  
Yapati Harinath ◽  
B. Ramesh Naik ◽  
K. Seshaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Biosorption Process ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Complexation Reactions

A biosorbent was prepared by using wood apple shell (WAS) powder and studied its application for the removal of Cd(II) from aqueous solution by a batch method. The biosorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and elemental analysis. WAS is principally made up of lignin and cellulose, containing functional groups such as alcoholic, ketonic, and carboxylic groups which can be involved in complexation reactions with Cd(II). The effect of experimental parameters like initial pH, contact time, metal ion concentration, and sorbent dose on adsorption was investigated. The optimum pH for biosorption of Cd(II) onto WAS was found to be pH 5.0 and the quantitative removal of Cd(II) ions was achieved in 30 min. The kinetic study showed that the biosorption process followed the pseudo-second-order rate. Experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models. Desorption studies were carried out using HCl solution.

scholarly journals The biosorption potential of waste biomass young fruit walnuts for lead ions: Kinetic and equilibrium study

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Dragana Markovic ◽  
Danijela Bojic ◽  
Aleksandar Bojic ◽  
Goran Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Biosorption Capacity ◽  
Young Fruit

The biosorption potential of waste biomass young fruit walnuts (YFW) as a low-cost biosorbent, processed from liqueur industry, for Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution was explored. The structural features of the biosorbent were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, which indicates the possibility that the different functional groups may be responsible for the binding of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution. The effects of relevant parameters such as pH (2 - 6), contact time (0 - 120 min), biosorbent dosage (2 - 20 g), initial metal ion concentration (10 - 120 mg dm-3), at a temperature of 25(C with stirring (120 rpm) and a constant ionic strength of 0,02 mol dm-3 were evaluated in batch experiments. The sorption equilibrium of Pb(II) ion (when 84 % of metal ions were sorbed at an initial concentration of 15 mg dm-3) was achieved within the pH range 4 - 5 after 50 min. Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second order model. Removal efficiency of Pb(II) ion rapidly increased with increasing biosorbent dose from 2.0 to 8.0 g per dm-3 of sorbate. Optimal biosorbent dose was set to 6.0 g per dm3 of sorbate. An increase in the initial metal concentration increases the biosorption capacity. The sorption data of investigated metal ion are fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models. The equilibrium data were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 ? 0.990). The maximum monolayer biosorption capacity of waste biomass YFW for Pb(II) ion, at 25.0 ? 0.5?C and pH 4.5, was found to be 19.23 mgg-1. This available waste biomass is efficient in the uptake of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution and could be used as a low-cost and an alternative biosorbent for the treatment of wastewater streams bearing these metal ions.

scholarly journals Uptake of Pb(II) ion From Aqueous Solution Using Silk Cotton Hull Carbon: An Agricultural Waste Biomass

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shanmugavalli ◽  
P. S. Syed Shabudeen ◽  
R. Venckatesh ◽  
K. Kadirvelu ◽  
S. Madhavakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Adsorption Parameters

Activated carbon prepared from silk cotton hull (SCH) was used for the adsorptive removal of Pb(II) ion from aqueous solution. The raw material used for the preparation of activated carbon is the waste of agricultural product; the production of this carbon is expected to be economically feasible. Parameters such as agitation time, metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose,pH and Particle size were studied. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 80 min for 10, 20, 30 and 40mg/l of Pb(II) ion with 50mg of carbon per mL of solution. Adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption efficiency reached 100% for 20, 30 and 40mg/l of Pb(II) ion with 120, 140 and 150mg of carbon. Pb(II) ion removal increased as thepH increased from 2 to 5 and remains constant up topH 10. Desorption studies were also carried out with dilute hydrochloric acid to know the mechanism of adsorption. Quantitative desorption of Pb(II) ion from carbon indicates that adsorption of metal ion is by ion-exchange. Efficiency of the adsorption of SCH was also studied with Pb containing industrial wastewater by varyingpH and carbon concentration.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Mn2+ from Aqueous Solution Using Manganese Oxide-Coated Hollow Polymethylmethacrylate Microspheres (MHPM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Dhiraj Dutta ◽  
Jyoti Prasad Borah ◽  
Amrit Puzari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Coated Sand

Results of investigation on adsorption of Mn2+ from aqueous solution by manganese oxide-coated hollow polymethylmethacrylate microspheres (MHPM) are reported here. This is the first report on Mn-coated hollow polymer as a substitute for widely used materials like green sand or MN-coated sand. Hollow polymethylmethacrylate (HPM) was prepared by using a literature procedure. Manganese oxide (MnO) was coated on the surface of HPM (MHPM) by using the electroless plating technique. The HPM and MHPM were characterized by using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Optical and scanning micrographs were used to monitor the surface properties of the coated layer which revealed the presence of MnO on the surface of HPM. TGA showed the presence of 4-5% of MnO in MHPM. Adsorption isotherm studies were carried out as a function of pH, initial ion concentration, and contact time, to determine the adsorption efficiency for removal of Mn2+ from contaminated water by the synthesized MHPM. The isotherm results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of MnO-coated HPM to remove manganese contaminants from water is 8.373 mg/g. The obtained R 2 values of Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm models were 1 and 0.87, respectively. Therefore, R 2 magnitude confirmed that the Langmuir model is best suited for Mn2+ adsorption by a monolayer of MHPM adsorbent. The material developed shows higher adsorption capacity even at a higher concentration of solute ions, which is not usually observed with similar materials of this kind. Overall findings indicate that MHPM is a very potential lightweight adsorbent for removal of Mn2+ from the aqueous solution because of its low density and high surface area.

Removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) From Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Using Agrowaste-Modified Kaolinite Clay

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Adsorbent Surface ◽  
Initial Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Rates

This study showed that kaolinite clay modified with Moringa oleifera pods is a promising low cost adsorbent for the removal of metals from aqueous solution because the resultant composite has higher adsorption capacities, and hence a better metal ions removal efficiency. The efficiencies of these adsorbents for the removal of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions from aqueous solutions were studied as a function of pH, time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose. Adsorption results showed that pH did significantly affect removal of heavy metal ions between pH 3 and 6. Increasing contact time and initial metal ion concentration increased the sorption capacity of the adsorbent for the metal ions. Adsorbent dosage indicated mainly surface phenomena involving sharing of electrons between the adsorbent surface and the metal ion species. The adsorption of metal ions from aqueous solutions of both metal ions at different initial metal ion concentrations reduced the initial adsorption rates of the adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) by unmodified and modified kaolinite clay.

scholarly journals Studies on Removal of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Powder of Mosambi Fruit Peelings (PMFP) As a Low Cost Sorbent

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hema Krishna ◽  
A. V. V. S. Swamy
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Agitation Time

The powder of mosambi fruit peelings (PMFP) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of heavy metal like Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions was studied using batch tests. The influence of physico-chemical key parameters such as the initial metal ion concentration, pH, agitation time, adsorbent dosage, and the particle size of adsorbent has been considered in batch tests. Sorbent ability to adsorb Cr (VI) ions was examined and the mechanism involved in the process investigated. The optimum results were determined at an initial metal ion concentration was 10 mg/lit, pH=2, agitation time – 60 min, an adsorbent dose (150 mg/50 ml) and the particle size (0.6 mm). The % adsorption, Langmuir constants [Q0=7.51(mg/g) and b=1.69(mg/lit)] Freundlich constant(Kf=2.94), Lagergren rate constants (Kad(min-1)=5.75 x 10-2) for [Cr(VI)] 10 mg/lit were determined for the adsorption system as a function of sorbate concentration. The equilibrium data obtained were tested using Langmuir, Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, and the kinetic data obtained were fitted to pseudo first order model.

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