Temperament Profiles of Children and Adolescents with Psychotic and Mood Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Natalia Zvereva ◽  
Mariia Zvereva ◽  
Luydmila Pyatnitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Two Age Groups

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Psychiatric disorders are often linked to dysfunctions within neurotransmitter systems, and the same systems play a role in healthy temperaments. Development of a common bio-behavioural taxonomy based on functionality of neurotransmitter systems suggests examining temperament profiles in patients with various psychiatric disorders. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> (1) To investigate temperament profiles in two age groups of children with delusional disorders; (2) to investigate temperament profiles in adolescents with mood disorders; (3) to investigate temperament profiles in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sample: in total 171 participants (M/F = 91/80), healthy children and teenagers (volunteers); two age groups of children with psychotic disorders; teens with mood disorders (clients of the Federal Mental Health Center) and healthy IVF. Parents of participants completed a test based on the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> (1) Both age groups of children with psychotic disorders had significantly lower scores on the scales of physical endurance, tempo, plasticity, and self-satisfaction, in comparison to healthy controls; the psychotic group aged 5–11 had also lower scores on the impulsivity scale, whereas the psychotic group 12–17 had lower scores on the social endurance and social tempo scales and higher neuroticism. (2) Teens with mood disorders had lower scores on the self-confidence-satisfaction scale and higher scores on the impulsivity scale, in comparison to controls. (3) No difference between IVF and naturally conceived children were found. The results show the benefits of using the FET framework for structuring the correspondence between psychiatric disorders and temperament as it differentiates between social versus physical aspects of behaviour and orientational versus executive aspects.

scholarly journals Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Seren Kirlioglu ◽  
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Circadian Physiology ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Objective Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian rhythms disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities.Methods The Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published between January 1990 and October 2019 were reviewed. Different combinations of the relevant keywords were polled. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders.Results Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. Impaired HPA-axis function-related glucocorticoid rhythm and disrupted melatonin homeostasis have been prominently demonstrated in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, while alterations of molecular expressions of circadian rhythm genes including <i>CLOCK, PER</i>, and <i>CRY</i> have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders.Conclusion Further translational work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders and related psychopathology, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hiral Kotadia ◽  
Gupta Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Common Content

Background : Obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS) have known to co-occur with various psychiatric disorders and have an impact on severity and course of these psychiatric disorders. Knowing the prevalence of OCS in different psychiatric disorders can give a better understanding about the illness and help in shaping its management. This study aims at finding prevalence, types & severity of OCS in patients presenting with different psychiatric disorders in Psychiatry Out patient department at a tertiary care institute. Methodology : A total of 380 patients were included in the. Clinical diagnosis of obsessions & compulsions was made as per criteria in Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM IV- TR). Yale brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) was applied for assessing severity of obsessive compulsive symptoms. Results & Conclusion: Prevalence of OCs in Psychiatric Disorders to be 5%. The Prevalence of OCS in patients with Psychotic Disorders was found to be 9.9% , in patients with Mood Disorders was found to be 6.6%, in patients with Anxiety Disorders was found to be 2.3% and in patients with Substance Use Disorders was found to be 1.8%. The most common Form of Obsession was Obsessive Thoughts (31.6%), the most common Content was Inanimate-Impersonal (31.6%) and the most common Compulsion was Washing (60%). Mean YBOCS Score of all 19 patients was 9.95 (SD=5.1, Median=9). 36.8% patients had Subclinical Severity (0-7), 47.4% patients had Mild Severity (8-15) and 15.8% patients had Moderate Severity (16-23). Psychotic & mood disorders were further assessed for types & severity of OCS. Though the prevalence of OCS in current study is less compared to previous studies, it still is significant. Thus various psychiatric disorders should be evaluated for presence of OCS.

scholarly journals Prevalence and nature of psychiatric disorders in geriatric people attending psychiatry outpatient department

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
R Poudel ◽  
M Belbase
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Introduction: Geriatric population is growing faster than all younger age groups. More than 20% of the geriatric people suffer from a mental or neurological disorder. Various studies have been conducted in Nepal related to mental and neurological disorders in geriatric people including epidemiological survey, outpatient department (OPD) based studies and inpatient studies. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and nature of psychiatric disorders in geriatric subjects Material And Method: Geriatric subjects attending outpatient department of psychiatry, Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital (NGMCTH), Kohalpur, Nepal from January to August 2018 (8 months) were enrolled for the study. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of the NGMCTH and written consent was taken from the subjects or next to kin. Socio-demographic profile and other details of the subjects were obtained. Diagnosis was made using the ICD 10. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 for Windows. Results: The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in geriatric subjects was 6.25%. The mean age of the subjects was 68.6 ± 7.39 years. Female constituted 51.1% of the subjects while male 48.9%. Category wise, mood disorders was the most common diagnosis (44.9%) followed by organic disorders (20.2%) and neurotic disorders (12.9%) respectively. Mood disorders and organic disorders were significantly associated with the age of the subjects (p<0.05). Disorder wise, depression was the most common diagnosis (39.9%) followed by dementia (12.4%) and anxiety disorder (10.1%) respectively. Dementia and delirium were the only disorders significantly associated with the age of the subject (p=0.01). There was no statistically significant association of individual disorders with sex of the subjects. Conclusion: Depression, dementia and anxiety disorder was the most common diagnosis in geriatric people.

scholarly journals Immunoglobulin G1 and G2 profile in children with Down syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supti Prava Saha ◽  
Monsura Khan ◽  
Ashesh Kumar Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background and objectives: It is well known that children with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from frequent infections. There is an association of certain IgG subclass abnormalities with the predisposition to recurrent infection of the respiratory tract. Therefore, the study was conducted to determine the immunoglobulin G1 and G2 (IgG1, IgG2) profile in children with DS.Material and methods: Forty children between the ages of 6 months to 12 years with DS (47 XX/XY, +21) attending the Department of Immunology, BIRDEM were enrolled in the study. Age and sex matched 30 healthy normal children with 46 XX/XY were included as control. Enrolled DS and healthy children were divided into two age groups namely 6 months to 6 years and 7 years to 12 years. Serum IgG1 and IgG2 concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.Results: The mean serum IgG1 concentrations of children with DS in both age groups did not differ significantly from that of normal healthy children. But the IgG2 level was significantly less (p<0.003 and p<0.004) in both age groups of children with DS compared to that of control healthy children.Conclusion: The study has demonstrated that the serum IgG2 level was significantly less in children with DS than that of matched normal healthy control children while there was no deficiency of IgG1.IMC J Med Sci 2017; 11(1): 1-4

Personality Disorder in Later Life: A Community Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Cohen ◽  
Gerald Nestadt ◽  
Jack F. Samuels ◽  
Alan J. Romanoski ◽  
Paul R. McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Two Age Groups

BackgroundThis exploratory study compares the prevalence of personality disorders and traits in people over and under 55 years of age. The comorbidity between personality and other psychiatric disorders is also examined.MethodPsychiatrists examined 810 subjects in a two-stage community survey. The semi-structured Standardized Psychiatric Examination was used to diagnose all DSM-III personality disorders and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe older subjects were significantly less likely than the younger subjects to have any personality disorder (6.6% v. 10.5%; relative odds = 0.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.25–0.70, P<0.001). Antisocial and histrionic personality disorders were much less prevalent in the older than younger subjects (P < 0.05). The older subjects also had significantly fewer maladaptive personality traits (x2 = 88.9, d.f. = 3, P < 0.001). The patterns of comorbidity between personality disorders and other psychiatric disorders were different in the two age groups.ConclusionsIt is important to evaluate personality in patients of all ages. While some older patients no longer meet criteria for personality disorder, maladaptive traits may become evident during times of stress.

Psychopharmacology of substance misuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Abou-Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Dual Disorders ◽  
The Common ◽  
Psychosocial Approaches

The common occurrence of comorbid substance misuse and other psychiatric disorders has challenged the diagnostic and therapeutic skills of professionals concerned with the care of patients with these dual disorders. Combined pharmacological and psychological treatment approaches have evolved empirically drawing upon standard treatments with emphasis on psychosocial approaches to substance misuse for psychotic disorders and pharmacological approaches for mood disorders. Advances in the biology of both disorders have started to inform their psychopharmacology. The specific role of atypical antipscychotics is highlighted. Further studies of the biology of comorbidity will impact the use of effective pharmaceuticals such as clozapine with dual effects on schizophrenia and substance misuse.

scholarly journals A survey of Psychiatric Disorders and Their Comorbidities in Children and Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aazam Sadat Heydari Yazdi ◽  
Mahboubeh Eslamzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Khaleghi ◽  
Zahra Hooshyari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: This community-based study aimed to investigate the psychiatric disorders and their comorbidities according to the kind of psychiatric disorders. Frequency of demographic factors and the prevalence of total psychiatric disorders in term of demographic charactheristics were obtained too. Materials and Methods: The present study focused on 1028 children and adolescent aged 6 to 18 years old across the Razavi Khorasan province by random sampling. The subjects included 496 boys and 532 girls from three age groups (6-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-18 years). Eight clinical psychologists trained to complete the Persian version of K-SADS-PL (Kiddie-SADS present and life time version). This scale measures five diagnostic appendixes of psychiatric disorders. Demographic data of participants were collected too. The data were recorded into the SPSS version 16. The relationship between psychiatric disorders and demographic factors deliberate by descriptive analysis and 95% confidence interval.  Results: The total rate of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescent was estimated as 20.5%, elimination disorders with a rate of 12.9% was the most prevalent disorder in the subjects. The lowest prevalence belongs to psychotic disorder and bulimia nervosa (0.1%). Of participants with mood disorders about 71.4% have behavioral disorders too. Anxiety disorders also commonly occurred in person with mood disorders. The comparison of ORs and their 95% confidence interval revealed that there is a significant difference for total psychiatric disorder among boys and girls (OR=0.6 for girls; 95% CI: 0.44-0.82). The rate of total psychiatric disorders in rural and urban areas was 14.9% and 21.1% respectively. Conclusion: With attention to the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents, it’s necessary that healthcare officials pay more attention to reinforcement of mental health care.[GMJ.2020;9:e1714]

scholarly journals Nightmares in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3990
Author(s):  
Marine Ambar Akkaoui ◽  
Michel Lejoyeux ◽  
Marie-Pia d’Ortho ◽  
Pierre A. Geoffroy
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nightmare Treatment

Chronic nightmares are very common in psychiatric disorders, affecting up to 70% of patients with personality or post-traumatic stress disorders. In other psychiatric disorders, the relationships with nightmares are poorly known. This review aimed to clarify the relationship between nightmares and both mood and psychotic disorders. We performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases until December 2019, to identify studies of patients suffering from either a mood disorder or a psychotic disorder associated with nightmares. From the 1145 articles screened, 24 were retained, including 9 studies with patients with mood disorders, 11 studies with patients with psychotic disorders and 4 studies with either psychotic or mood disorders. Nightmares were more frequent in individuals with mood or psychotic disorders than in healthy controls (more than two-fold). Patients with frequent nightmares had higher suicidality scores and had more frequently a history of suicide attempt. The distress associated with nightmares, rather than the frequency of nightmares, was associated with the severity of the psychiatric disorder. Further studies assessing whether nightmare treatment not only improves patient–sleep perception but also improves underlying psychiatric diseases are needed. In conclusion, nightmares are overrepresented in mood and psychotic disorders, with the frequency associated with suicidal behaviors and the distress associated with the psychiatric disorder severity. These findings emphasize major clinical and therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RECURRENT OBSTRUCTIVE BRONCHITIS IN CHILDREN

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
М G Lukashevich ◽  
L P Siziakina ◽  
A A Savisko
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Lymphocyte Subpopulation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Immunological Examination ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Two Age Groups

Background. The aim of the study is to evaluate immunopathogenic mechanisms of lower respiratory tract reobstructions and to develop diagnostic, treatment and prophylaxis mechanisms of this syndrome and transformation to BA. Methods. 78 children with repeated episodes of obstructive bronchitis (OB) and 30 conditionally healthy children, formed a control group, were examined. Both groups of children were divided into two age groups — under 3 years old and older than 3 years old. All the patients underwent immunological examination. Results. The longer and heavier course of OB episodes, accompanied by the disturbance of ripening and, in less degree, differentiation of T-lymphocyte subpopulation, decreasing of readiness for apoptosis were revealed in 3 years old patients. In the age group older than 3 years old the OB episodes were taking their course easier, started at the earlier age, repeated more often, were accompanied by decreasing of CD4 +-lymphocytes, decreasing of early activation processes, intensification of late activation processes. Conclusion. The revealed peculiarities testify to heterogeneity of children groups with repeated OB episodes and make working out individual rehabilitation programs necessary.

scholarly journals First- and Third-Person Perspectives in Psychotic Disorders and Mood Disorders with Psychotic Features

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Lucrezia Islam ◽  
Silvio Scarone ◽  
Orsola Gambini
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Group ◽  
Lower Score ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Third Person Perspective ◽  
Psychotic Features

Lack of insight, very frequent in schizophrenia, can be considered a deficit in Theory of Mind (ToM) performances, and is also found in other psychiatric disorders. In this study, we used the first- to third-person shift to examine subjects with psychotic and psychotic mood disorders. 92 patients were evaluated with SANS and SAPS scales and asked to talk about their delusions. They were asked to state whether they thought what they said was believable for them and for the interviewer. Two weeks later, 79 patients listened to a tape where their delusion was reenacted by two actors and were asked the same two questions. Some patients gained insight when using third-person perspective. These patients had lower SAPS scores, a lower score on SAPS item on delusions, and significant improvement in their SAPS delusion score at the second interview. Better insight was not related to a specific diagnostic group.

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