scholarly journals Nightmares in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Psychotic Disorders: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3990
Author(s):  
Marine Ambar Akkaoui ◽  
Michel Lejoyeux ◽  
Marie-Pia d’Ortho ◽  
Pierre A. Geoffroy
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nightmare Treatment

Chronic nightmares are very common in psychiatric disorders, affecting up to 70% of patients with personality or post-traumatic stress disorders. In other psychiatric disorders, the relationships with nightmares are poorly known. This review aimed to clarify the relationship between nightmares and both mood and psychotic disorders. We performed a systematic literature search using the PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases until December 2019, to identify studies of patients suffering from either a mood disorder or a psychotic disorder associated with nightmares. From the 1145 articles screened, 24 were retained, including 9 studies with patients with mood disorders, 11 studies with patients with psychotic disorders and 4 studies with either psychotic or mood disorders. Nightmares were more frequent in individuals with mood or psychotic disorders than in healthy controls (more than two-fold). Patients with frequent nightmares had higher suicidality scores and had more frequently a history of suicide attempt. The distress associated with nightmares, rather than the frequency of nightmares, was associated with the severity of the psychiatric disorder. Further studies assessing whether nightmare treatment not only improves patient–sleep perception but also improves underlying psychiatric diseases are needed. In conclusion, nightmares are overrepresented in mood and psychotic disorders, with the frequency associated with suicidal behaviors and the distress associated with the psychiatric disorder severity. These findings emphasize major clinical and therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Schizoaffective Disorder That Is Induced By Electrical Voltage That Is Treated with Risperidone

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (16) ◽  
pp. 2667-2670
Author(s):  
Ihsan Fadhilah ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Electrical Injury ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electrical Injuries

BACKGROUND: Electricity is a necessity for humans to carry out their daily activities, wherein modern times there are many human life support devices require electricity that makes humans depend on their existence, it cannot be denied that electricity is the energy needed by humans in everything that supports human activities, that increased injury due to electric shocks such as the cardiovascular system, nervous system, respiratory system, cutaneous injuries, burns, neurotransmitter system and death. Psychiatric disorders such as psychosis, mania, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, conversion disorder, adjustment disorders and schizophrenia have been reported as diseases triggered by electrical injuries. CASE REPORT: This study reports cases of electrical injuries that cause psychotic symptoms such as schizophrenia. After low voltage electrical injury. A 20 years old male, Malay, Indonesian, graduated from high school, worked, unmarried, a history of psychiatric disorders was not found, family history of experiencing the same disease was not found. Reported to have suffered an injury due to electricity twice the first injury occurred, and caused a change in behaviour and emotions, and the second injury caused obvious psychotic symptoms, aggressive behaviour and mood enhancement. A brief review of the literature on the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in these injuries is also presented. CONCLUSION: Electrical injuries can cause sequelae such as psychotic disorders, the increased mood has occurred after an electrical injury in someone without prior mood disorders and personality. This is associated with circulatory hormone changes that occur in the hippocampus.

scholarly journals Psychotic disorders as an adverse effect of levetiracetam or discontinuation of mood stabilising drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kurczych ◽  
Agnieszka Makulska ◽  
Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Seizure Control ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Mood Stabiliser ◽  
Behavioural Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dose Dependent

Patients using antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suffer from relatively common adverse effects manifested by psychotic and behavioural disorders. This is particularly true in patients with a history of psychiatric disorders and using levetiracetam. This has important therapeutic implications because very often discontinuation of AED is the only available option. Simultaneous use of mood-stabilising AEDs reduces this risk; however, too rapid withdrawal of such AEDs can also induce psychotic symptoms. We present four cases of epilepsy patients who experienced psychiatric disorders induced by LEV. In one of them, they occurred after adding LEV to the treatment; in two – after discontinuation of a mood-stabiliser; and in one both modifications were made simultaneously. Our cases show that LEV-induced behavioural disorders are dose-dependent and do not always require discontinuation of the drug. This seems to be justified by good seizure control ensured by the use of LEV, and using mood-stabiliser reduces LEV adverse effects.

Obtaining a Family Psychiatric History: Is it Worth the Effort?

1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 590-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Remick ◽  
Adele D. Sadovnick ◽  
Boris Gimbarzevsky ◽  
Raymond W. Lam ◽  
Athanasios P. Zis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
History Of ◽  
Generated Family ◽  
Index Cases

The purpose of this study was to determine whether, for first-degree relatives of patients presenting to a mood disorders clinic, family history information on psychiatric conditions collected by a psychiatrist and incorporated into the patient's medical records is as informative as that gathered during an interview specifically designed to collect family history data. The study group consisted of 472 first-degree relatives of 78 randomly selected index cases from a large mood disorders genetic database. Family history of psychiatric disorders recorded in regular psychiatric medical records (“clinician history”), and data obtained by a genetic counsellor administering specific family psychiatric history questionnaires to patients and multiple family informants (“family history”) were compared using a kappa statistic. Good agreement between the two methods on the presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder was found among first-degree relatives of index cases, but poor agreement was found with respect to the presence or absence of a specific mood disorder diagnosis(es) in a relative. The results suggest that a clinician-generated family psychiatric history is sensitive to the presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder when compared to a more structured detailed genetic interview. However, for research purposes, a clinician-generated family psychiatric history of a specific mood disorder diagnosis, without supporting collateral information, may not be reliable for use in supporting a mood disorder diagnosis in a patient and/or his relatives.

scholarly journals Chronobiology Revisited in Psychiatric Disorders: From a Translational Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 725-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simge Seren Kirlioglu ◽  
Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Circadian Physiology ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

Objective Several lines of evidence support a relationship between circadian rhythms disruption in the onset, course, and maintenance of mental disorders. Despite the study of circadian phenotypes promising a decent understanding of the pathophysiologic or etiologic mechanisms of psychiatric entities, several questions still need to be addressed. In this review, we aimed to synthesize the literature investigating chronobiologic theories and their associations with psychiatric entities.Methods The Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases were comprehensively and systematically searched and articles published between January 1990 and October 2019 were reviewed. Different combinations of the relevant keywords were polled. We first introduced molecular elements and mechanisms of the circadian system to promote a better understanding of the chronobiologic implications of mental disorders. Then, we comprehensively and systematically reviewed circadian system studies in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders.Results Although subject characteristics and study designs vary across studies, current research has demonstrated that circadian pathologies, including genetic and neurohumoral alterations, represent the neural substrates of the pathophysiology of many psychiatric disorders. Impaired HPA-axis function-related glucocorticoid rhythm and disrupted melatonin homeostasis have been prominently demonstrated in schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, while alterations of molecular expressions of circadian rhythm genes including <i>CLOCK, PER</i>, and <i>CRY</i> have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders.Conclusion Further translational work is needed to identify the causal relationship between circadian physiology abnormalities and mental disorders and related psychopathology, and to develop sound pharmacologic interventions.

scholarly journals Basic symptoms in offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders

BJPsych Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Zwicker ◽  
Lynn E. MacKenzie ◽  
Vladislav Drobinin ◽  
Emily Howes Vallis ◽  
Victoria C. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Basic Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychotic Features ◽  
The Relationship

Background Basic symptoms, defined as subjectively perceived disturbances in thought, perception and other essential mental processes, have been established as a predictor of psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between basic symptoms and family history of a transdiagnostic range of severe mental illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, has not been examined. Aims We sought to test whether non-severe mood disorders and severe mood and psychotic disorders in parents is associated with increased basic symptoms in their biological offspring. Method We measured basic symptoms using the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument – Child and Youth Version in 332 youth aged 8–26 years, including 93 offspring of control parents, 92 offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders, and 147 offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders. We tested the relationships between parent mental illness and offspring basic symptoms in mixed-effects linear regression models. Results Offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.22–1.16, P = 0.004) or illness with psychotic features (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.09–1.27, P = 0.023) had significantly higher basic symptom scores than control offspring. Offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders reported intermediate levels of basic symptoms, that did not significantly differ from control offspring. Conclusions Basic symptoms during childhood are a marker of familial risk of psychopathology that is related to severity and is not specific to psychotic illness. Declaration of interest None.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE SYMPTOMS IN PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Hiral Kotadia ◽  
Gupta Priyanka
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Text Revision ◽  
Common Content

Background : Obsessive compulsive symptoms (OCS) have known to co-occur with various psychiatric disorders and have an impact on severity and course of these psychiatric disorders. Knowing the prevalence of OCS in different psychiatric disorders can give a better understanding about the illness and help in shaping its management. This study aims at finding prevalence, types & severity of OCS in patients presenting with different psychiatric disorders in Psychiatry Out patient department at a tertiary care institute. Methodology : A total of 380 patients were included in the. Clinical diagnosis of obsessions & compulsions was made as per criteria in Diagnostic & Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM IV- TR). Yale brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS) was applied for assessing severity of obsessive compulsive symptoms. Results & Conclusion: Prevalence of OCs in Psychiatric Disorders to be 5%. The Prevalence of OCS in patients with Psychotic Disorders was found to be 9.9% , in patients with Mood Disorders was found to be 6.6%, in patients with Anxiety Disorders was found to be 2.3% and in patients with Substance Use Disorders was found to be 1.8%. The most common Form of Obsession was Obsessive Thoughts (31.6%), the most common Content was Inanimate-Impersonal (31.6%) and the most common Compulsion was Washing (60%). Mean YBOCS Score of all 19 patients was 9.95 (SD=5.1, Median=9). 36.8% patients had Subclinical Severity (0-7), 47.4% patients had Mild Severity (8-15) and 15.8% patients had Moderate Severity (16-23). Psychotic & mood disorders were further assessed for types & severity of OCS. Though the prevalence of OCS in current study is less compared to previous studies, it still is significant. Thus various psychiatric disorders should be evaluated for presence of OCS.

Disease progression to chronic migraine: onset of symptoms of headaches, anxiety and mood disorders

2011 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Juliane P. P. Mercante ◽  
Mario F. P. Peres ◽  
Marcio A. Bernik ◽  
Felipe Corchs ◽  
Vera Z. Guendler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
International Headache Society ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Migraine Progression ◽  
History Of

Background: Psychiatric conditions, mostly anxiety and mood disorders, are common in patients with chronic migraine. There has recently been extensive debate on migraine progression, but little is known about the role of psychiatric disorders in this respect. Objective: In order to evaluate the role of psychiatric disorders in migraine progression, we analyzed the temporal profile of migraine, mood and anxiety disorders, and years since onset of symptoms in chronic migraine (CM) patients. Methods: Fifty CM patients diagnosed according to the International Headache Society (2004) criteria were interviewed and diagnosed for mental disorders using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I/P). Results: Anxiety disorders preceded the onset of episodic migraine, which was followed by depression and daily headaches. Conclusions: Psychiatric comorbidity evaluation in chronic migraine may lead to better patient management and clinical outcomes. Patients with a history of anxiety, episodic migraine, and depression may be at risk of developing CM. Early treatment of anxiety, mood disorders, and episodic migraine may prevent disease progression to CM.

The Aetiology of Post-traumatic Stress Disorders Following a Natural Disaster

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Cowell McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Past History ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Longitudinal Research Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traumatic Stress Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic

The onset of post-traumatic stress disorders in a group of firefighters who had an intense exposure to a bushfire disaster was investigated using a longitudinal research design. Contrary to expectation, the intensity of exposure, the perceived threat, and the losses sustained in the disaster, when considered independently, were not predictors of post traumatic stress disorder. By contrast, introversion, neuroticism, and a past history and family history of psychiatric disorder were premorbid factors significantly associated with the development of chronic post-traumatic stress disorders.

scholarly journals A Review of Epigenetics of PTSD in Comorbid Psychiatric Conditions

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caren J. Blacker ◽  
Mark A. Frye ◽  
Eva Morava-Kozicz ◽  
Tamas Kozicz ◽  
Marin Veldic
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Epigenetic Variation ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Complex Interactions

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an acquired psychiatric disorder with functionally impairing physiological and psychological symptoms following a traumatic exposure. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors act together to determine both an individual’s susceptibility to PTSD and its clinical phenotype. In this literature review, we briefly review the candidate genes that have been implicated in the development and severity of the PTSD phenotype. We discuss the importance of the epigenetic regulation of these candidate genes. We review the general epigenetic mechanisms that are currently understood, with examples of each in the PTSD phenotype. Our focus then turns to studies that have examined PTSD in the context of comorbid psychiatric disorders or associated social and behavioral stressors. We examine the epigenetic variation in cases or models of PTSD with comorbid depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders. We reviewed the literature that has explored epigenetic regulation in PTSD in adverse childhood experiences and suicide phenotypes. Finally, we review some of the information available from studies of the transgenerational transmission of epigenetic variation in maternal cases of PTSD. We discuss areas pertinent for future study to further elucidate the complex interactions between epigenetic modifications and this complex psychiatric disorder.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document