Personality Disorder in Later Life: A Community Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce J. Cohen ◽  
Gerald Nestadt ◽  
Jack F. Samuels ◽  
Alan J. Romanoski ◽  
Paul R. McHugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Relative Odds ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Two Age Groups

BackgroundThis exploratory study compares the prevalence of personality disorders and traits in people over and under 55 years of age. The comorbidity between personality and other psychiatric disorders is also examined.MethodPsychiatrists examined 810 subjects in a two-stage community survey. The semi-structured Standardized Psychiatric Examination was used to diagnose all DSM-III personality disorders and other psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe older subjects were significantly less likely than the younger subjects to have any personality disorder (6.6% v. 10.5%; relative odds = 0.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.25–0.70, P<0.001). Antisocial and histrionic personality disorders were much less prevalent in the older than younger subjects (P < 0.05). The older subjects also had significantly fewer maladaptive personality traits (x2 = 88.9, d.f. = 3, P < 0.001). The patterns of comorbidity between personality disorders and other psychiatric disorders were different in the two age groups.ConclusionsIt is important to evaluate personality in patients of all ages. While some older patients no longer meet criteria for personality disorder, maladaptive traits may become evident during times of stress.

scholarly journals Experience of Occupations among People Living with a Personality Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Olivier Potvin ◽  
Catherine Vallée ◽  
Nadine Larivière
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Occupational Engagement ◽  
Interview Guide

Introduction. Personality disorders are common mental health disorders, with an estimated lifetime prevalence of 4 to 15%. People living with personality disorders are extensively seeking mental health services, yet few papers focus on their unique occupational needs or effective rehabilitation interventions that may alleviate the occupational issues they face. Occupational therapists are encouraged to support engagement in socially valued occupations, while preventing engagement in damaging ones, despite a lack of evidence on the meaning and the lived experiences of people. Objectives. This paper describes the meaning attributed by people living with personality disorders to their main occupations and the underlying needs they strive to fulfill through occupational engagement, whether or not these occupations are sanctioned. Methods. This exploratory study rests on a descriptive interpretative methodology. The participants were ten men and women, aged between 18 and 35 years old and living with a Cluster B personality disorder. A semistructured interview guide allowed participants to build narratives on occupations that are important to them and discuss how these occupations shape their identity. A thematic content analysis fostered the development of a coding structure that reflected a first-account perspective. Results. The narratives provided by the participants depict a variety of meaningful occupations, many of which are socially disapproved. Many of these occupations serve as a coping strategy to deal with distressing situations, to connect with others who share similar life experiences, or to reestablish a fragile sense of control. Other occupations are socially disapproved due to the overinvestment of the participants’ commitment. While participants described how this overinvestment allowed them to control destructive impulses, significant others perceived it as counterproductive and unnecessary. Participants perceived self-care occupations as painful and tedious chores or meaningless occupations. Engaging in productive occupations allowed some participants to gain recognition or to identify their competencies, but also confirmed their differences, creating some form of alienation or marginalisation. Conclusion. This exploratory study invites clinicians and researchers to develop a more responsive understanding of occupational engagement for this population. The results highlight the importance of situating occupations in their context, while endorsing a first-account perspective, to better understand the forces that shape occupational engagement. Ultimately, occupational therapists should critically appraise their assumptions around healthy and unsanctioned occupations, in order to respond with sensitivity to the needs and experience of their clients, without perpetuating the marginalisation and discrimination they face.

Personality disorder and suicide

1997 ◽  
Vol 170 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. A. Cheng ◽  
A. H. Mann ◽  
K. A. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder ◽  
Aboriginal Groups

BackgroundThe relationships between personality disorders and suicide were investigated among two aboriginal groups and the Han Chinese in East Taiwan.MethodBiographical reconstructive interviews were conducted for consecutive suicides from each of the three ethnic groups (116 suicides in total), 113 of whom were matched with two controls for age, gender, and area of residence.ResultsIn all three groups, a high proportion of suicides suffered from ICD-10 personality disorder before suicide (46.7–76.7%), and the most prevalent category was emotionally unstable personality disorder (F60.3) (26.7–56.7%). The risk for suicide was mainly significantly associated with F60.3, comorbidity among personality disorders, and comorbidity of personality disorder with other psychiatric disorders, particularly severe depression.ConclusionThe main category of personality disorder significantly associated with the risk of suicide is F60.3 in ICD-10. The risk is highest for a comorbidity of this category and severe depression.

scholarly journals Personality disorders in later life: epidemiology, presentation and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 208-218
Author(s):  
Ayesha Bangash
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Older People ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Expected Increase ◽  
Growing Population

SUMMARYDespite the enormous amount of literature on medical care of older people, personality disorders in late life have been given little attention. Clinicians tend not to assign this diagnosis to older adults in view of limited research into, and therefore limited awareness of, this topic. This article aims to promote better understanding of this subject in view of the growing population of older people and hence an expected increase in the number of personality disorder cases.

Effects of Perceptual and Conceptual Processing on Memory for Words and Voice: Different Patterns for Young and Old

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Naveh-Benjamin ◽  
Fergus I. M. Craik
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Conceptual Processing ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Two Age Groups

In two experiments younger and older adults listened to a list of words presented auditorily by two speakers. The subjects processed each word either perceptually (voice judgements) or conceptually (pleasantness judgements), and were then given memory tasks for the words and the presenting voice. In the word-recognition task the two age groups benefited equally from conceptual as opposed to perceptual processing. In the voice memory task, however, conceptual processing improved performance relative to perceptual processing in the younger subjects (significantly so in Experiment 1), but conceptual processing was associated with decreased performance in the older group (significantly so in Experiment 2). These results suggest that whereas older subjects exhibit a trade-off in memory for item and attribute information, younger subjects exhibit a pattern of support, in which conceptual processing benefits memory for both items and their attributes.

scholarly journals Psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Haw ◽  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Kelly Houston ◽  
Ellen Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Self Harm

BackgroundPrevious UK studies have reported much lower rates of psychiatric and personality disorder in those who attempt suicide than in those who die by suicide.AimsTo determine the nature and prevalence of psychiatric and personality disorders in deliberate self-harm (DSH) patients.MethodA representative sample of 150 DSH patients who presented to a general hospital were assessed using a structured clinical interview and a standardised instrument. Follow-up interviews were completed for 118 patients approximately 12–16 months later.ResultsICD–10 psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 138 patients (92.0%), with comorbidity of psychiatric disorders in 46.7%. The most common diagnosis was affective disorder (72.0%). Personality disorder was identified in 45.9% of patients interviewed at follow-up. Comorbidity of psychiatric and personality disorder was present in 44.1%.ConclusionsPsychiatric and personality disorders, and their comorbidity, are common in DSH patients. This has important implications for assessment and management.

Is More Always Better? Optimal Amounts of Feedback in Learning to Calibrate Sensory Awareness

1995 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Jarus
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Knowledge Of Results ◽  
Sensory Awareness ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Two Age Groups

Contrary to predictions from early views on motor learning, recent studies have shown that reduction of the relative frequency of feedback regarding the success in achieving a goal (knowledge of results = KR) depresses performance during acquisition; whereas, in retention and transfer tests, an inverse relationship is found between performance and KR. The present study investigated the effect of reduced relative frequency of KR on the ability to calibrate kinesthetic awareness of 90 healthy young and older subjects. Across three task versions of kinesthetic acuity, practice conditions of 100% KR were compared with 33% equally spread and 33% faded practice conditions. The results of this study show that reduced relative KR frequency depressed the performance of the older subjects but raised the performance of the younger subjects in the acquisition phase. In retention, reduced relative KR frequency produced more effective performance than 100% KR, with no difference between the two age groups or the two 33% KR frequency conditions. These results seem to imply that treatment of patients on the ability to calibrate sensory awareness is benefited by providing these patients with KR at a low frequency.

Personality and personality disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mina Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

‘Personality and personality disorders’ covers how personality influences and is influenced by psychiatric disorders, and also the disorders of personality. Personality refers to the wide range of ensuring qualities and behaviours that characterize an individual and that we generally use to recognize them. This chapter covers the varied theories of personality, both of personality types and personality development. It covers the classification of abnormal personalities and the range of personality disorders, along with their diagnostic criteria and how this classification is currently being subject to potentially radical reorganization. While the diagnosis of personality disorders remains controversial it is an essential tool in clinical psychiatry. Its course, impact, and treatment and management strategies are outlined, with particular attention paid to the impact of personality disorders on the outcome of other psychiatric and medical conditions and the ethical problems such disorders present.

scholarly journals The prevalence, age distribution and comorbidity of personality disorders in Australian women

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shae E Quirk ◽  
Michael Berk ◽  
Julie A Pasco ◽  
Sharon L Brennan-Olsen ◽  
Andrew M Chanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objective: We aimed to describe the prevalence and age distribution of personality disorders and their comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders in an age-stratified sample of Australian women aged ⩾25 years. Methods: Individual personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial, avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive), lifetime mood, anxiety, eating and substance misuse disorders were diagnosed utilising validated semi-structured clinical interviews (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders). The prevalence of personality disorders and Clusters were determined from the study population ( n = 768), and standardised to the Australian population using the 2011 Australian Bureau of Statistics census data. Prevalence by age and the association with mood, anxiety, eating and substance misuse disorders was also examined. Results: The overall prevalence of personality disorders in women was 21.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.7, 24.9). Cluster C personality disorders (17.5%, 95% CI: 16.0, 18.9) were more common than Cluster A (5.3%, 95% CI: 3.5, 7.0) and Cluster B personality disorders (3.2%, 95% CI: 1.8, 4.6). Of the individual personality disorders, obsessive-compulsive (10.3%, 95% CI: 8.0, 12.6), avoidant (9.3%, 95% CI: 7.1, 11.5), paranoid (3.9%, 95% CI: 3.1, 4.7) and borderline (2.7%, 95% CI: 1.4, 4.0) were among the most prevalent. The prevalence of other personality disorders was low (⩽1.7%). Being younger (25–34 years) was predictive of having any personality disorder (odds ratio: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.18, 4.74), as was being middle-aged (odds ratio: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.23, 4.72). Among the strongest predictors of having any personality disorder was having a lifetime history of psychiatric disorders (odds ratio: 4.29, 95% CI: 2.90, 6.33). Mood and anxiety disorders were the most common comorbid lifetime psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: Approximately one in five women was identified with a personality disorder, emphasising that personality disorders are relatively common in the population. A more thorough understanding of the distribution of personality disorders and psychiatric comorbidity in the general population is crucial to assist allocation of health care resources to individuals living with these disorders.

Error-Related Oscillations

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kolev ◽  
C. Beste ◽  
M. Falkenstein ◽  
J. Yordanova
Keyword(s):  
Phase Synchronization ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Current Source ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Theta Oscillations ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Two Age Groups

The present study assesses the origins of reduction of error negativity (Ne) with advancing age in humans. Response-related potentials were recorded from young (mean age 22.5 years, n = 10) and older (mean age 58.3 years, n = 11) adults while they performed a four-choice reaction task (4CRT) in two modalities, auditory and visual. Trials from correct and error responses were analyzed separately for each modality. To achieve a reference-free evaluation, the current source density (CSD) of the signals was computed. RRPs were analyzed in the time-frequency (TF) domain by means of wavelet decomposition. Two TF components of RRPs from the delta (1.5–3.5 Hz) and theta (3.5–7 Hz) frequency ranges were assessed. The measured parameters were total power reflecting both the phase-locked and non-phase-locked activity, and phase-locking factor (PLF) reflecting the strength of phase-synchronization with stimulus, independent of magnitude. It was found that the total power of both the delta and theta TF components increased after errors in the two age groups, although this increase was more pronounced in young than older adults. Response-locked synchronization of delta responses also increased after errors, with this synchronizing ability being preserved in older subjects. What differentiated the error processing in the two age groups was the synchronization of theta oscillations with error responses, with this parameter being substantially reduced in older subjects. The results demonstrate that Ne reduction with aging is the result of an overall decrease in the power of delta and theta components, primarily of a decrease in the response-locked synchronization of theta oscillations after errors.

Temperament Profiles of Children and Adolescents with Psychotic and Mood Disorders

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Natalia Zvereva ◽  
Mariia Zvereva ◽  
Luydmila Pyatnitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Physical Endurance ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Neurotransmitter Systems ◽  
Two Age Groups

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Psychiatric disorders are often linked to dysfunctions within neurotransmitter systems, and the same systems play a role in healthy temperaments. Development of a common bio-behavioural taxonomy based on functionality of neurotransmitter systems suggests examining temperament profiles in patients with various psychiatric disorders. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> (1) To investigate temperament profiles in two age groups of children with delusional disorders; (2) to investigate temperament profiles in adolescents with mood disorders; (3) to investigate temperament profiles in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) children. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sample: in total 171 participants (M/F = 91/80), healthy children and teenagers (volunteers); two age groups of children with psychotic disorders; teens with mood disorders (clients of the Federal Mental Health Center) and healthy IVF. Parents of participants completed a test based on the neurochemical model Functional Ensemble of Temperament (FET). <b><i>Results and Conclusions:</i></b> (1) Both age groups of children with psychotic disorders had significantly lower scores on the scales of physical endurance, tempo, plasticity, and self-satisfaction, in comparison to healthy controls; the psychotic group aged 5–11 had also lower scores on the impulsivity scale, whereas the psychotic group 12–17 had lower scores on the social endurance and social tempo scales and higher neuroticism. (2) Teens with mood disorders had lower scores on the self-confidence-satisfaction scale and higher scores on the impulsivity scale, in comparison to controls. (3) No difference between IVF and naturally conceived children were found. The results show the benefits of using the FET framework for structuring the correspondence between psychiatric disorders and temperament as it differentiates between social versus physical aspects of behaviour and orientational versus executive aspects.

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