Pulpal Remineralisation of Artificial Residual Caries Lesions in vitro

Falk Schwendicke; Allam Al-Abdi; Hendrik Meyer-Lückel; Sebastian Paris

doi:10.1159/000440906

Pulpal Remineralisation of Artificial Residual Caries Lesions in vitro

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000440906 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 591-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Falk Schwendicke ◽

Allam Al-Abdi ◽

Hendrik Meyer-Lückel ◽

Sebastian Paris

Keyword(s):

Fluid Composition ◽

Human Dentin ◽

Residual Caries ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Mineral Loss

We assessed pulpal remineralisation of caries lesions in vitro. On the coronal aspect of human dentin discs (n = 70), artificial lesions [mineral loss ΔZ (mean ± SD) = 3,060 ± 604 vol% × µm] were induced, covered and pulpal surfaces exposed to pulpal fluid, remineralisation medium or water at pressures of 0, 1.47 or 2.94 kPa for 3 months. Mineral loss differences were assessed using transversal microradiography. No significant mineral gain occurred at 0 kPa and in samples exposed to water. At 1.47 and 2.94 kPa, pulpal and remineralisation fluid induced significant mineral gain [ΔΔZ = 1,317 (25th/75th percentiles: 735/1,541) vol% × µm; p < 0.001]. Pressure and fluid composition determined pulpal remineralisation in vitro.

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Effect of Perfusion with Water on Demineralization of Human Dentin in vitro

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/0810733 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 733-737 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A.R. Özok ◽

M.-K. Wu ◽

J.M. ten Cate ◽

P.R. Wesselink

Keyword(s):

Fluid Flow ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Transport Model ◽

Human Tooth ◽

Lesion Depth ◽

Human Dentin ◽

Dentinal Fluid Flow ◽

Dentin Thickness ◽

Mineral Loss

Dentinal fluid rarely features in caries studies of dentin. The mutual effects of in vitro perfusion and dentin demineralization were investigated. The correlation between the remaining dentin thickness and demineralization was also analyzed. Buccal cervical dentin windows in human tooth segments were demineralized either with or without perfusion with water at 3.14 kPa. Transverse microradiography revealed that dentin perfusion reduced the amount of mineral loss from the lesions by 22vol%; the reduction in lesion depth was 8%. Perfusion rate, which was measured throughout the demineralization process by means of a fluid transport model, did not change significantly. Lesions formed closer to the pulp exhibited increased mineral loss and lesion depth. In conclusion, dentinal fluid flow offers some protection against demineralization. For a better approximation of clinical reality, therefore, in vitro studies on dentinal caries should consider the effect of dentinal fluid flow.

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Do bleaching gels affect the stability of the masking and caries-arresting effects of caries infiltration—in vitro

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03732-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ellen Elisabeth Jansen ◽

Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽

Marcella Esteves-Oliveira ◽

Richard Johannes Wierichs

Keyword(s):

Red Wine ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Color Differences ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

The Stability ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Bleaching Gels ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Mineral Loss

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different bleaching gels on the masking and caries-arresting effects of infiltrated and non-infiltrated stained artificial enamel caries lesions. Materials and methods Bovine enamel specimens (n = 240) with each two sound areas (SI and SC) and each two lesions (DI and DC) were infiltrated (DI and SI), stained (1:1 red wine-coffee mixture,70 days), and randomly distributed in six groups to be bleached with the following materials: 6%HP (HP-6), 16%CP (CP-16), 35%HP (HP-35), 40%HP (HP-40), and no bleaching (NBl,NBl-NBr). Subsequently, specimens were pH-cycled (28 days, 6 × 60 min demineralization/day) and all groups except NBl-NBr were brushed with toothpaste slurry (1.100 ppm, 2×/day, 10 s). Differences in colorimetric values (ΔL, ΔE) and integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ) between baseline, infiltration, staining, bleaching, and pH cycling were calculated using photographic and transversal microradiographic images. Results At baseline, significant visible color differences between DI and SC were observed (ΔEbaseline = 12.2; p < 0.001; ANCOVA). After infiltration, these differences decreased significantly (ΔEinfiltration = 3.8; p < 0.001). Staining decreased and bleaching increased ΔL values significantly (p ≤ 0.001). No significant difference in ΔΔE was observed between before staining and after bleaching (ΔEbleaching = 4.3; p = 0.308) and between the bleaching agents (p = 1.000; ANCOVA). pH-cycling did not affect colorimetric values (ΔEpH-cycling = 4.0; p = 1.000). For DI, no significant change in ΔZ during in vitro period was observed (p ≥ 0.063; paired t test). Conclusions Under the conditions chosen, the tested materials could satisfactorily bleach infiltrated and non-infiltrated stained enamel. Furthermore, bleaching did not affect the caries-arresting effect of the infiltration. Clinical relevance The present study indicates that bleaching is a viable way to satisfactorily recover the appearance of discolored sound enamel and infiltrated lesions.

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Effect of Dentinal Fluid Composition on Dentin Demineralization in vitro

Journal of Dental Research ◽

10.1177/154405910408301105 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 83 (11) ◽

pp. 849-853 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A.R. Özok ◽

M.-K. Wu ◽

J.M. Ten Cate ◽

P.R. Wesselink

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Important Determinant ◽

Fluid Composition ◽

Perfusion Rate ◽

Lesion Formation ◽

Lesion Depth ◽

Set Up ◽

Mineral Loss

Dentin demineralization is reduced by perfusion with water. We hypothesized that a simulated dentinal fluid (SDF) that contains albumin, in addition to electrolytes, would be more effective in reducing dentin demineralization than water alone, and this effect would increase with increasing flow rate of SDF. Perfusion rate in tooth segments that carried buccal cervical dentin windows was measured in a fluid transport set-up. These windows were then demineralized under perfusion with water, or SDF at 1.47 kPa for 31 days. We analyzed integrated mineral loss and lesion depth with the use of transverse microradiography (TMR), which revealed that 38% more mineral dissolved from dentin lesions perfused with water than from those perfused with SDF. The former were also 18% deeper. Flow rate of dentinal fluid showed no correlation with demineralization. We concluded that composition of dentinal fluid is an important determinant of the rate of lesion formation and progression in dentin.

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Effect of Lesion Baseline Severity and Mineral Distribution on Remineralization and Progression of Human and Bovine Dentin Caries Lesions

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000431039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 467-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Frank Lippert ◽

David Churchley ◽

Richard J. Lynch

Keyword(s):

Root Caries ◽

Mineral Distribution ◽

Lesion Depth ◽

Baseline Severity ◽

Dentin Caries ◽

Lesion Type ◽

Human Dentin ◽

Root Dentin ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Mineral Loss

The aims of this laboratory study were to compare the effects of lesion baseline severity, mineral distribution and substrate on remineralization and progression of caries lesions created in root dentin. Lesions were formed in dentin specimens prepared from human and bovine dentin using three protocols, each utilizing three demineralization periods to create lesions of different mineral distributions (subsurface, moderate softening, extreme softening) and severity within each lesion type. Lesions were then either remineralized or demineralized further and analyzed using transverse microradiography. At lesion baseline, no differences were found between human and bovine dentin for integrated mineral loss (ΔZ). Differences in mineral distribution between lesion types were apparent. Human dentin lesions were more prone to secondary demineralization (ΔΔZ) than bovine dentin lesions, although there were no differences in ΔL. Likewise, smaller lesions were more susceptible to secondary demineralization than larger ones. Subsurface lesions were more acid-resistant than moderately and extremely softened lesions. After remineralization, differences between human and bovine dentin lesions were not apparent for ΔΔZ although bovine dentin lesions showed greater reduction in lesion depth L. For lesion types, responsiveness to remineralization (ΔΔZ) was in the order extremely softened > moderately softened > subsurface. More demineralized lesions exhibited greater remineralization than shallower ones. In summary, some differences exist between human and bovine dentin and their relative responsiveness to de- and remineralization. These differences, however, were overshadowed by the effects of lesion baseline mineral distribution and severity. Thus, bovine dentin appears to be a suitable substitute for human dentin in mechanistic root caries studies.

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Photoinhibition of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm-Induced Lesions in Human Dentin by Violet-Blue Light

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj7040113 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Grace Gomez Felix Gomez ◽

Frank Lippert ◽

Masatoshi Ando ◽

Andrea F. Zandona ◽

George J. Eckert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Blue Light ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Significance Level ◽

Supernatant Liquid ◽

Colony Forming Units ◽

Human Dentin ◽

Mineral Loss

This in vitro study determined the effectiveness of violet-blue light on Streptococcus mutans (UA159) biofilm induced dentinal lesions. Biofilm was formed on human dentin specimens in a 96-well microtiter plate and incubated for 13 h in the presence of tryptic soy broth (TSB) or TSB supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS). Violet-blue light (405 nm) from quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLFTM) was used to irradiate the biofilm. Supernatant liquid was removed, and the biofilm was irradiated continuously with QLF for 5 min twice daily with an interval of 6 h for 5 d, except with one treatment on the final day. Colony forming units (CFU) of the treated biofilm, changes in fluorescence (∆F; QLF-Digital BiluminatorTM), lesion depth (L), and integrated mineral loss (∆Z; both transverse microradiography) were quantified at the end of the fifth day. Statistical analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA), testing at a 5% significance level. In the violet-blue light irradiated groups, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of bacterial viability (CFU) of S. mutans with TSB and TSBS. Violet-blue light irradiation resulted in the reduction of ∆F and L of the dentinal surface with TSBS. These results indicate that violet-blue light has the capacity to reduce S. mutans cell numbers.

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Secondary Caries Adjacent to Bulk or Incrementally Filled Composites Placed after Selective Excavation In Vitro

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040939 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Haitham Askar ◽

Allam Al-Abdi ◽

Uwe Blunck ◽

Gerd Göstemeyer ◽

Sebastian Paris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Secondary Caries ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Mechanical Cycling ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Deep Carious Lesions ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Caries Excavation ◽

Mineral Loss

Objectives: selective caries excavation (SE) is recommended for deep carious lesions. Bulk fill composites (BF) may be considered to restore SE-cavities. We compared the susceptibility for secondary caries adjacent to BF versus incrementally filled composites (IF) in SE and non-selectively excavated teeth (NS) in vitro. Methods: in 72 extracted human premolars, artificial caries lesions were induced on pulpo-axial walls of standardized cavities. The lesions were left (SE) or removed (NS), and teeth were restored using two BF, GrandioSO x-tra/Voco (BF-Gra) and SDR/Dentsply (BF-SDR), and an IF, GrandioSO/Voco (IF-Gra) (n = 12/group for SE and NS). After thermo-mechanical cycling (5–55 °C, 8 days), teeth were submitted to a continuous-culture Lactobacillus rhamnosus biofilm model with cyclic loading for 10 days. Mineral loss (ΔZ) of enamel surface lesions (ESL), dentin surface lesions (DSL), and dentin wall lesions (DWL) was analyzed using transversal microradiography. Results: ΔZ was the highest in DSL, followed by ESL, and it was significantly lower in DWL. There were no significant differences in ΔZ between groups in DSL, ESL, and DWL (p > 0.05). Regardless of lesion location, ΔZ did not differ between SE and NS (p > 0.05). Conclusions: BF and IF both showed low risks for DWL (i.e., true secondary caries) after SE in vitro, and surface lesion risk was also not significantly different between materials. SE did not increase secondary caries risk as compared with NS. Clinical Significance: the risk of secondary caries was low after selective excavation in this study, regardless of whether bulk or incrementally filled composites were used

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Enamel Subsurface Caries-Like Lesions Induced in Human Teeth By Different Solutions: A TMR Analysis

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440202003123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 157-163

Author(s):

Daiana Back Gouvêa ◽

Nicole Marchioro dos Santos ◽

Juliano Pelim Pessan ◽

Juliana Jobim Jardim ◽

Jonas Almeida Rodrigues

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Deciduous Teeth ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Fluoride Dentifrice ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Mineral Loss ◽

Mineral Changes

Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of models for developing subsurface caries lesions in vitro and verified mineral changes by transverse microradiography (TMR). Enamel blocks from permanent (n=5) and deciduous teeth (n=5) were submitted to lesion induction by immersion in demineralizing solutions during 96 h, followed by pH cycles of demineralization (de) and remineralization (re) for 10 days. Two de-/re solutions were tested. Demineralizing solution “A” was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM KH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid, with pH 4.4 adjusted by 1 M KOH. Demineralizing solution “B” was composed by 2.2 mM CaCl2, 2.2 mM NaH2PO4, 0.05 M acetic acid and 0.25 ppmF, with pH 4.5 adjusted by 1M KOH. Solution “A” produced cavitated lesions in permanent teeth, whereas solution “B” led to subsurface lesions in deciduous teeth. Solution “B” was then tested in enamel blocks from permanent teeth (n=5) and subsurface lesions were obtained, so that solution “B” was employed for both substrates, and the blocks were treated with slurries of a fluoride dentifrice (1450 ppm F, as NaF, n=5) or a fluoride-free dentifrice (n=5). Solution “B” produced subsurface lesions in permanent and primary teeth of an average (±SD) depth of 88.4µm (±14.3) and 89.3µm (±15.8), respectively. TMR analysis demonstrated that lesions treated with fluoride-free dentifrice had significantly greater mineral loss. This study concluded that solution “B” developed subsurface lesions after pH cycling, and that mineral changes were successfully assessed by TMR.

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Glass hybrid, but not calcium hydroxide, remineralized artificial residual caries lesions in vitro

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-016-1803-6 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Allam Al-Abdi ◽

Sebastian Paris ◽

Falk Schwendicke

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Residual Caries ◽

Caries Lesions

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Is It Possible to induce Artificial Caries-affected Dentin using the Same Protocol to Primary and Permanent Teeth?

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1734 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 638-642

Author(s):

Tathiane Larissa Lenzi ◽

Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares ◽

Tamara Kerber Tedesco ◽

Rachel de Oliveira Rocha

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Control Group ◽

Dentin Caries ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Knoop Microhardness ◽

Caries Lesions ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Mineral Loss

ABSTRACT Aim This in vitro study compared the mineral loss of natural and artificially-created caries-affected dentin in primary and permanent teeth using the same protocol to induce caries lesions. Materials and methods Twenty molars presenting natural occlusal dentin caries lesions (10 primary–PriC and 10 permanent– PermC; control group), and 20 sound molars (10 primary – PripH and 10 permanent–PermpH; experimental group), were selected. Occlusal cavities were prepared in teeth of the experimental group that were submitted to pH-cycling for 14 days to simulate caries-affected dentin. All specimens were longitudinally sectioned and prepared in order to obtain Knoop microhardness values from 15 to 250 ìm depth, starting in bottom of center of natural lesions or cavities. The microhardness (KHN) data were submitted to three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Results Considering all depths, there was no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mineral loss of the control (PriC = 30.9 ± 6.4 and PermC = 40.8 ± 8.6) and experimental (PripH = 27.3 ± 11.1 and PermpH = 35.5 ± 14.0) groups, neither between primary and permanent teeth. Conclusion The mineral loss of the artificially-created cariesaffected dentin is similar to that from naturally developed dentin caries lesions. Clinical significance The pH-cycling model may be a suitable method to simulate caries-affected dentin in both permanent and primary teeth. How to cite this article Lenzi TL, Soares FZM, Tedesco TK, de Oliveira Rocha R. Is It Possible to induce Artificial Caries-affected Dentin using the Same Protocol to Primary and Permanent Teeth? J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):638-642.

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