Effect of Lesion Baseline Severity and Mineral Distribution on Remineralization and Progression of Human and Bovine Dentin Caries Lesions

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Lippert ◽  
David Churchley ◽  
Richard J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Root Caries ◽  
Mineral Distribution ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Baseline Severity ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

The aims of this laboratory study were to compare the effects of lesion baseline severity, mineral distribution and substrate on remineralization and progression of caries lesions created in root dentin. Lesions were formed in dentin specimens prepared from human and bovine dentin using three protocols, each utilizing three demineralization periods to create lesions of different mineral distributions (subsurface, moderate softening, extreme softening) and severity within each lesion type. Lesions were then either remineralized or demineralized further and analyzed using transverse microradiography. At lesion baseline, no differences were found between human and bovine dentin for integrated mineral loss (ΔZ). Differences in mineral distribution between lesion types were apparent. Human dentin lesions were more prone to secondary demineralization (ΔΔZ) than bovine dentin lesions, although there were no differences in ΔL. Likewise, smaller lesions were more susceptible to secondary demineralization than larger ones. Subsurface lesions were more acid-resistant than moderately and extremely softened lesions. After remineralization, differences between human and bovine dentin lesions were not apparent for ΔΔZ although bovine dentin lesions showed greater reduction in lesion depth L. For lesion types, responsiveness to remineralization (ΔΔZ) was in the order extremely softened > moderately softened > subsurface. More demineralized lesions exhibited greater remineralization than shallower ones. In summary, some differences exist between human and bovine dentin and their relative responsiveness to de- and remineralization. These differences, however, were overshadowed by the effects of lesion baseline mineral distribution and severity. Thus, bovine dentin appears to be a suitable substitute for human dentin in mechanistic root caries studies.

Evaluation of Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence to assess lesion depth in cavitated and non-cavitated root caries lesions – an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
pp. 102675
Author(s):  
Deborah Kreher ◽  
Kyung-Jin Park ◽  
Gerhard Schmalz ◽  
Ellen Schulz-Kornas ◽  
Rainer Haak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Caries Lesions

Effect of Perfusion with Water on Demineralization of Human Dentin in vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Özok ◽  
M.-K. Wu ◽  
J.M. ten Cate ◽  
P.R. Wesselink
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Human Tooth ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Dentinal Fluid Flow ◽  
Dentin Thickness ◽  
Mineral Loss

Dentinal fluid rarely features in caries studies of dentin. The mutual effects of in vitro perfusion and dentin demineralization were investigated. The correlation between the remaining dentin thickness and demineralization was also analyzed. Buccal cervical dentin windows in human tooth segments were demineralized either with or without perfusion with water at 3.14 kPa. Transverse microradiography revealed that dentin perfusion reduced the amount of mineral loss from the lesions by 22vol%; the reduction in lesion depth was 8%. Perfusion rate, which was measured throughout the demineralization process by means of a fluid transport model, did not change significantly. Lesions formed closer to the pulp exhibited increased mineral loss and lesion depth. In conclusion, dentinal fluid flow offers some protection against demineralization. For a better approximation of clinical reality, therefore, in vitro studies on dentinal caries should consider the effect of dentinal fluid flow.

scholarly journals Agentes Fluoretados e Cárie Radicular: Uma Revisão de Literatura / Fluoride Agents and Root Caries: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (57) ◽  
pp. 920-933
Author(s):  
Maria do Socorro Da Costa Inácio ◽  
Bruno Vieira Cariry ◽  
Laio Da Costa Dutra ◽  
Gabrielle Abrantes Gadelha
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Adequate Care ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Theses And Dissertations ◽  
Invasive Intervention

Resumo: A cárie radicular é uma patologia progressiva e dinâmica que ocorre na interface biofilme e cemento/dentina radicular, com maior taxa de prevalência na população idosa. O uso profissional de agentes fluoretados consiste na intervenção minimamente invasiva, capaz de prevenir e inativar as Lesões de Cárie Radicular (LCRs). Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou identificar os diferentes agentes terapêuticos fluoretados de uso profissional que agem na inativação/paralisação da cárie radicular. Para tanto, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos cinco anos por meio de análise criteriosa de artigos científicos. Os idiomas foram, predominantemente o português, inglês e espanhol. Como critérios de inclusão foi considerado os trabalhos relacionados com o objetivo do presente estudo, estudos disponíveis na integra, artigos publicados entre 2016 e 2021, sendo descartados artigos que não estavam em consonância com o objetivo deste estudo, teses e dissertações. Conclui-se que o Diamino Fluoreto de Prata (DFP) é o agente fluoretado que apresentou maior eficácia na prevenção e paralização das LCRs. Contudo, sugere-se que mais estudos sejam realizados, com foco na intervenção minimamente invasiva, que tragam protocolos clínicos de atendimento adequado ao tratamento da cárie radicular Palavras-chave: Cárie; Cárie radicular; Agentes fluoretados.Abstract: Root caries is a progressive and dynamic pathology that occurs at the biofilm and cementum/root dentin interface, with a higher prevalence rate in the elderly population. The professional use of fluoridated agents is a minimally invasive intervention capable of preventing and inactivating Root Caries Lesions (CRLs). Thus, the present study aimed to identify the different fluoride therapeutic agents for professional use that act in the inactivation/paralysis of root caries. Therefore, a bibliographic survey of the last five years was performed through a careful analysis of scientific articles. The languages were predominantly Portuguese, English and Spanish. As inclusion criteria, works related to the objective of this study were considered, studies available in full, articles published between 2016 and 2021, and articles that were not in line with the objective of this study, theses and dissertations were discarded. It is concluded that Silver Diamino Fluoride (DFP) is the fluoridated agent that showed the greatest effectiveness in preventing and paralyzing CSFs. However, it is suggested that more studies be carried out, focusing on minimally invasive intervention, which bring clinical protocols for adequate care for the treatment of root caries. Keywords: Caries; Root caries; Fluoridated agents. 

Ecological Hypothesis of Dentin and Root Caries

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuhiro Takahashi ◽  
Bente Nyvad
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Root Caries ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Dental Hard Tissues ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Root Surfaces

Recent advances regarding the caries process indicate that ecological phenomena induced by bacterial acid production tilt the de- and remineralization balance of the dental hard tissues towards demineralization through bacterial acid-induced adaptation and selection within the microbiota - from the dynamic stability stage to the aciduric stage via the acidogenic stage [Takahashi and Nyvad, 2008]. Dentin and root caries can also be partly explained by this hypothesis; however, the fact that these tissues contain a considerable amount of organic material suggests that protein degradation is involved in caries formation. In this review, we compiled relevant histological, biochemical, and microbiological information about dentin/root caries and refined the hypothesis by adding degradation of the organic matrix (the proteolytic stage) to the abovementioned stages. Bacterial acidification not only induces demineralization and exposure of the organic matrix in dentin/root surfaces but also activation of dentin-embedded and salivary matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins. These phenomena initiate degradation of the demineralized organic matrix in dentin/root surfaces. While a bacterial involvement has never been confirmed in the initial degradation of organic material, the detection of proteolytic/amino acid-degrading bacteria and bacterial metabolites in dentin and root caries suggests a bacterial digestion and metabolism of partly degraded matrix. Moreover, bacterial metabolites might induce pulpitis as an inflammatory/immunomodulatory factor. Root and dentin surfaces are always at risk of becoming demineralized in the oral cavity, and exposed organic materials can be degraded by host-derived proteases contained in saliva and dentin itself. New approaches to the prevention and treatment of root/dentin caries are required.

scholarly journals Anticaries Potential of a Sodium Monofluorophosphate Dentifrice Containing Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate: Exploratory in situ Randomized Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Parkinson ◽  
Muhammad Siddiqi ◽  
Stephen Mason ◽  
Frank Lippert ◽  
Anderson T. Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

Calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) is a bioactive glass material that alleviates dentin hypersensitivity and is postulated to confer remineralization of caries lesions. This single-centre, randomized, single (investigator)-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover, in situ study explored whether the addition of 5% CSPS to a nonaqueous fluoride (F) such as sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP)-containing dentifrice affects its cariostatic ability. Seventy-seven subjects wore 4 gauze-covered enamel specimens with preformed lesions (2 surface-softened and 2 subsurface) placed buccally on their mandibular bilateral dentures for up to 4 weeks. Subjects brushed twice daily with 1 of the 5 study dentifrices: 927 ppm F/5% CSPS, 927 ppm F/0% CSPS, 250 ppm F/0% CSPS, 0 ppm F/5% CSPS, or 0 ppm F/0% CSPS. Specimens were retrieved after either 21 (surface-softened lesions; analyzed by Knoop surface microhardness [SMH]) or 28 days (subsurface lesions; analyzed by transverse microradiography). The enamel fluoride uptake was determined for all specimens using a microbiopsy technique. The concentrations of fluoride and calcium in gauze-retrieved plaque were also evaluated. Higher dentifrice fluoride concentrations led to greater remineralization and fluoridation of both lesion types and increased plaque fluoride concentrations. CSPS did not improve the cariostatic properties of SMFP; there were no statistically significant differences between 927 ppm F/5% CSPS and 927 ppm F/0% CSPS in percent SMH recovery (p = 0.6788), change in integrated mineral loss (p = 0.5908), or lesion depth (p = 0.6622). Likewise, 0 ppm F/5% CSPS did not provide any benefits in comparison to 0 ppm F/0% CSPS. In conclusion, CSPS does not negatively impact nor does it improve the ability of an SMFP dentifrice to affect remineralization of caries lesions.

Pulpal Remineralisation of Artificial Residual Caries Lesions in vitro

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falk Schwendicke ◽  
Allam Al-Abdi ◽  
Hendrik Meyer-Lückel ◽  
Sebastian Paris
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Human Dentin ◽  
Residual Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Mineral Loss

We assessed pulpal remineralisation of caries lesions in vitro. On the coronal aspect of human dentin discs (n = 70), artificial lesions [mineral loss ΔZ (mean ± SD) = 3,060 ± 604 vol% × µm] were induced, covered and pulpal surfaces exposed to pulpal fluid, remineralisation medium or water at pressures of 0, 1.47 or 2.94 kPa for 3 months. Mineral loss differences were assessed using transversal microradiography. No significant mineral gain occurred at 0 kPa and in samples exposed to water. At 1.47 and 2.94 kPa, pulpal and remineralisation fluid induced significant mineral gain [ΔΔZ = 1,317 (25th/75th percentiles: 735/1,541) vol% × µm; p < 0.001]. Pressure and fluid composition determined pulpal remineralisation in vitro.

scholarly journals Is It Possible to induce Artificial Caries-affected Dentin using the Same Protocol to Primary and Permanent Teeth?

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 638-642
Author(s):  
Tathiane Larissa Lenzi ◽  
Fabio Zovico Maxnuck Soares ◽  
Tamara Kerber Tedesco ◽  
Rachel de Oliveira Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Knoop Microhardness ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Loss

ABSTRACT Aim This in vitro study compared the mineral loss of natural and artificially-created caries-affected dentin in primary and permanent teeth using the same protocol to induce caries lesions. Materials and methods Twenty molars presenting natural occlusal dentin caries lesions (10 primary–PriC and 10 permanent– PermC; control group), and 20 sound molars (10 primary – PripH and 10 permanent–PermpH; experimental group), were selected. Occlusal cavities were prepared in teeth of the experimental group that were submitted to pH-cycling for 14 days to simulate caries-affected dentin. All specimens were longitudinally sectioned and prepared in order to obtain Knoop microhardness values from 15 to 250 ìm depth, starting in bottom of center of natural lesions or cavities. The microhardness (KHN) data were submitted to three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). Results Considering all depths, there was no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) between the mineral loss of the control (PriC = 30.9 ± 6.4 and PermC = 40.8 ± 8.6) and experimental (PripH = 27.3 ± 11.1 and PermpH = 35.5 ± 14.0) groups, neither between primary and permanent teeth. Conclusion The mineral loss of the artificially-created cariesaffected dentin is similar to that from naturally developed dentin caries lesions. Clinical significance The pH-cycling model may be a suitable method to simulate caries-affected dentin in both permanent and primary teeth. How to cite this article Lenzi TL, Soares FZM, Tedesco TK, de Oliveira Rocha R. Is It Possible to induce Artificial Caries-affected Dentin using the Same Protocol to Primary and Permanent Teeth? J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):638-642.

Effect of ionizing radiation and cariogenic biofilm challenge on root-dentin caries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila de Carvalho Almança Lopes ◽  
Renata Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Maximiliano Sérgio Cenci ◽  
Juliana Lays Stolfo Uehara ◽  
Tamires Timm Maske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Cariogenic Biofilm

scholarly journals Artificial Caries Lesion Characteristics after Secondary Demineralization with Theobromine-Containing Protocol

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Hani M. Nassar ◽  
Frank Lippert
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Caries Lesion ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
Bonferroni Test ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Caries Lesions ◽  
Nail Varnish

Developing artificial caries lesions with varying characteristics is needed to adequately study caries process in vitro. The objective of this study was to investigate artificial caries lesion characteristics after secondary demineralization protocol containing theobromine and fluoride. Sixty bovine enamel slabs (4 × 3 mm) were demineralized using a Carbopol-containing protocol for 6 days. A baseline area (2 × 3 mm) was protected with acid-resistant nail varnish, after which specimens were exposed for 24 h to a secondary demineralization protocol containing acetic acid plus one of four fluoride/theobromine combinations (n = 15): theobromine (50 or 200 ppm) and fluoride (0 or 1 ppm). Specimens were sectioned and analyzed using transverse microradiography for changes in mineral content, lesion depth, and surface layer mineralization. Data was analyzed using paired t-test and analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test at 0.05 significance level. After secondary demineralization, fluoride-containing groups had significantly deeper lesions (p = 0.002 and 0.014) compared to the group with 0 ppm fluoride and 50 ppm theobromine. Mineral content and lesion depth were significantly different compared to baseline for all groups. Theobromine did not show an added effect on mineral uptake. Theobromine-containing groups exhibited particularly deep lesions with a more uniform mineral profile in the presence of fluoride.

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