Significance of ?3 Fatty Acids for Retinal and Brain Development of Preterm and Term Infants1

2015 ◽  
pp. 52-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Uauy-Dagach ◽  
Eileen E. Birch ◽  
David G. Birch ◽  
Dennis R. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation and Brain Development: Possible Risk Factors in COVID-19-Infected Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Luana da Silva Chagas ◽  
Poliana Capucho Sandre ◽  
Patricia Coelho de Velasco ◽  
Henrique Marcondes ◽  
Natalia Cristina Aparecida Ribeiro e Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Nutritional Imbalance ◽  
Synaptic Pruning

COVID-19, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) betacoronavirus, affects children in a different way than it does in adults, with milder symptoms. However, several cases of neurological symptoms with neuroinflammatory syndromes, such as the multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), following mild cases, have been reported. As with other viral infections, such as rubella, influenza, and cytomegalovirus, SARS-CoV-2 induces a surge of proinflammatory cytokines that affect microglial function, which can be harmful to brain development. Along with the viral induction of neuroinflammation, other noninfectious conditions may interact to produce additional inflammation, such as the nutritional imbalance of fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Additionally, transient thyrotoxicosis induced by SARS-CoV-2 with secondary autoimmune hypothyroidism has been reported, which could go undetected during pregnancy. Together, those factors may pose additional risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection impacting mechanisms of neural development such as synaptic pruning and neural circuitry formation. The present review discusses those conditions in the perspective of the understanding of risk factors that should be considered and the possible emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders in COVID-19-infected children.

scholarly journals Fetal and Neonatal Levels of Omega-3: Effects on Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi ◽  
Renata de Souza Escobar ◽  
Charles Francisco Ferreira ◽  
Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Nutrients

Nutrition in pregnancy, during lactation, childhood, and later stages has a fundamental influence on overall development. There is a growing research interest on the role of key dietary nutrients in fetal health. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) play an important role in brain development and function. Evidence from animal models of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs deficiency suggests that these fatty acids promote early brain development and regulate behavioral and neurochemical aspects related to mood disorders (stress responses, depression, and aggression and growth, memory, and cognitive functions). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest the role of n-3 LCPUFAs on neurodevelopment and growth. n-3 LCPUFAs may be an effective adjunctive factor for neural development, growth, and cognitive development, but further large-scale, well-controlled trials and preclinical studies are needed to examine its clinical mechanisms and possible benefits. The present paper discusses the use of n-3 LCPUFAs during different developmental stages and the investigation of different sources of consumption. The paper summarizes the role of n-3 LCPUFAs levels during critical periods and their effects on the children’s neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth.

Epigenetic Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Neurons and Astrocytes During Brain Development and Senescence

2019 ◽  
pp. 479-490
Author(s):  
Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa ◽  
Alinny Rosendo Isaac ◽  
Ricielle Lopes Augusto ◽  
Raphael Fabricio de Souza ◽  
Hércules Rezende Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Epigenetic Effects

The effects on neonatal piglet behaviour and tissue composition of feeding sows a diet containing a high level of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in late gestation and lactation

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
I. M. Bland ◽  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
P. English ◽  
A. Edwards ◽  
R. C. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Tissue Composition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Neonatal mortality is a major source of economic loss to the pig industry. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially DHA, have been implicated in brain development in man and other species and a pre-natal supply of PUFAs may have a role in influencing post-natal survival. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding increased amounts of DHA during gestation and early lactation, on piglet viability and tissue composition.

scholarly journals Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Miya Su ◽  
Arvind K. Subbaraj ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Xiaoyan Qi ◽  
Hongxin Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Weanling Rats

Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids was significantly higher in brains of rats fed human milk. Lipid species mainly comprising saturated or mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids contributed significantly higher percentages to their respective classes in human milk compared to infant formula fed samples. In contrast, PUFAs contributed significantly higher percentages in brains of formula fed samples. Differences between human milk and formula lipids included minor fatty acids such as C8:0 and C12:0, which were higher in formula, and C16:1 and C18:1 n11, which were higher in human milk. Formula also contained higher levels of low- to medium-carbon triacylglycerols, whereas human milk had higher levels of high-carbon triacylglycerols. All phospholipid classes, and ceramides, were higher in formula. We show that brain lipid composition differs in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula, but dietary lipid compositions do not necessarily manifest in the brain lipidome.

scholarly journals The role of essential fatty acids in brain development

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Sakayori ◽  
Noriko Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Some Chemical Aspects of Human Brain Development. II. Phosphoglyceride Fatty Acids

1974 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Martinez ◽  
Carmen Conde ◽  
Angel Ballabriga
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Human Brain Development

The Effects of dietary n−3/n−6 ratio on brain development in the mouse: a dose response study with long-chain n−3 fatty acids

Lipids ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Wainwright ◽  
Y. S. Huang ◽  
B. Bulman-Fleming ◽  
D. Dalby ◽  
D. E. Mills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dose Response Study ◽  
Long Chain
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