scholarly journals The role of essential fatty acids in brain development

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Sakayori ◽  
Noriko Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Perinatal Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Brain Development, Role in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185
Author(s):  
Maud Martinat ◽  
Moïra Rossitto ◽  
Mathieu Di Miceli ◽  
Sophie Layé
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential fatty acids that are provided by dietary intake. Growing evidence suggests that n-3 and n-6 PUFAs are paramount for brain functions. They constitute crucial elements of cellular membranes, especially in the brain. They are the precursors of several metabolites with different effects on inflammation and neuron outgrowth. Overall, long-chain PUFAs accumulate in the offspring brain during the embryonic and post-natal periods. In this review, we discuss how they accumulate in the developing brain, considering the maternal dietary supply, the polymorphisms of genes involved in their metabolism, and the differences linked to gender. We also report the mechanisms linking their bioavailability in the developing brain, their transfer from the mother to the embryo through the placenta, and their role in brain development. In addition, data on the potential role of altered bioavailability of long-chain n-3 PUFAs in the etiologies of neurodevelopmental diseases, such as autism, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, are reviewed.

The role of n−3 essential fatty acids in brain and behavioral development: A cross-fostering study in the mouse

Lipids ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Wainwright ◽  
Y. S. Huang ◽  
B. Bulman-Fleming ◽  
D. E. Mills ◽  
P. Redden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Behavioral Development ◽  
Cross Fostering

Selective retention of essential fatty acids: the role of hepatic monoacylglycerol acyltransferase

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. R414-R419 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Xia ◽  
N. Mostafa ◽  
B. G. Bhat ◽  
G. L. Florant ◽  
R. A. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Selective Retention ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Assay Conditions ◽  
Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase

In the suckling rat, chick embryo, and hibernating marmot, fatty acids provide the major source of energy, and despite the high rate of hepatic beta-oxidation, these animals selectively retain long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3. To determine whether the hepatic microsomal activity monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) (EC 2.3.1.22) could provide a mechanism to selectively acylate monoacylglycerols that contain essential fatty acids, we tested the ability of MGAT activity from each of the three species to acylate sn-2-monoC18:1-, sn-2-monoC18:2-, sn-2-monoC18:3-, and sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerols. Hepatic MGAT activity acylated sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol and sn-2-monoC18:2-glycerol in preference to sn-2-monoC18:1-glycerol in each of the three different lipolytic animals. MGAT's acyl group specificity could not be explained by invoking differences in membrane fluidity because the apparent affinity for sn-2-monoC20:4-glycerol was not increased. Further, sn-2-monoC18:3-glycerol remained a preferred substrate under assay conditions when both the C18:3 and C18:1 species were present in equal amounts. As would be predicted in the presence of high activity of a selective MGAT, the hepatic glycerolipids from neonatal rats showed increases in dienoic, trienoic, and C22:6 fatty acids and relative decreases in monoenoic, saturated, and C20:4 fatty acids. We hypothesize that, during lipolysis, the reacylation of sn-2-monoacylglycerols by MGAT may provide a mechanism by which essential fatty acids are retained within specific tissues.

scholarly journals Endogenous Receptor Agonists: Resolving Inflammation

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1440-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bannenberg ◽  
Makoto Arita ◽  
Charles N. Serhan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Molecular Events ◽  
Inflammation Resolution ◽  
Specific Lipid ◽  
Chemical Mediators

Controlled resolution or the physiologic resolution of a well-orchestrated inflammatory response at the tissue level is essential to return to homeostasis. A comprehensive understanding of the cellular and molecular events that control the termination of acute inflammation is needed in molecular terms given the widely held view that aberrant inflammation underlies many common diseases. This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of the role of arachidonic acid and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)–derived lipid mediators in regulating the resolution of inflammation. Using a functional lipidomic approach employing LC-MS-MS–based informatics, recent studies, reviewed herein, uncovered new families of local-acting chemical mediators actively biosynthesized during the resolution phase from the essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These new families of local chemical mediators are generated endogenously in exudates collected during the resolution phase, and were coined resolvins and protectins because specific members of these novel chemical families control both the duration and magnitude of inflammation in animal models of complex diseases. Recent advances on the biosynthesis, receptors, and actions of these novel anti-inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators are reviewed with the aim to bring to attention the important role of specific lipid mediators as endogenous agonists in inflammation resolution.

Role of oleic acid in the metabolism of essential fatty acids

1961 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Dhopeshwarkar ◽  
James F. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Fetal and Neonatal Levels of Omega-3: Effects on Neurodevelopment, Nutrition, and Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Rombaldi Bernardi ◽  
Renata de Souza Escobar ◽  
Charles Francisco Ferreira ◽  
Patrícia Pelufo Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Nutrients

Nutrition in pregnancy, during lactation, childhood, and later stages has a fundamental influence on overall development. There is a growing research interest on the role of key dietary nutrients in fetal health. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) play an important role in brain development and function. Evidence from animal models of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs deficiency suggests that these fatty acids promote early brain development and regulate behavioral and neurochemical aspects related to mood disorders (stress responses, depression, and aggression and growth, memory, and cognitive functions). Preclinical and clinical studies suggest the role of n-3 LCPUFAs on neurodevelopment and growth. n-3 LCPUFAs may be an effective adjunctive factor for neural development, growth, and cognitive development, but further large-scale, well-controlled trials and preclinical studies are needed to examine its clinical mechanisms and possible benefits. The present paper discusses the use of n-3 LCPUFAs during different developmental stages and the investigation of different sources of consumption. The paper summarizes the role of n-3 LCPUFAs levels during critical periods and their effects on the children’s neurodevelopment, nutrition, and growth.

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