High Concentration of Ampicillin and the Eagle Effect among Gram-Negative Rods

Chemotherapy ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Goldstein ◽  
Vibeke Thamdrup Rosdahl
Keyword(s):  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Eagle Effect

Cephapirin in Acute Lung Diseases in Children

1974 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Trujillo ◽  
Rafael Manotas ◽  
Cecilia Salazar ◽  
Alfonso Rodriguez ◽  
Alvaro Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Administration ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Peak Plasma ◽  
Parenteral Administration ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Intramuscular Injections ◽  
Concentration Levels

Parenteral administration, intravenous followed by intramuscular, or intramuscular alone, cured thirty children with pneumonia and empyema caused by S. aureus, D. pneumoniae, Klebsiella sp. and other gram-negative bacteria, within one to three weeks. Pathogens disappeared from pleural pus in all empyema cases within the first forty-eight hours of treatment. Following intravenous administration peak plasma levels ( 117 mcg/ml) were obtained in five minutes, and following intramuscular injections peak plasma levels ( 55 mcg/ml) were obtained in one hour. High concentration levels were observed in pleural pus ( 23-37 mcg/ml) in two hours. The drug was very well tolerated both locally and systemically.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain Able To Decompose N , N -Dimethyl Formamide

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyue Yan ◽  
Ming Yan ◽  
Lin Xu ◽  
Li Wei ◽  
Liting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium, which uses a variety of organic chemicals as carbon sources. Here, we report the genome sequence of the Cu1510 isolate from wastewater containing a high concentration of N , N -dimethyl formamide.

Lactate production by aerobic bacteria grown in cerebrospinal fluid.

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1875-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
F L Kiechle ◽  
M A Kamela ◽  
R W Starnes
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Abstract The source of the abnormally high concentration of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bacterial meningitis is not known. It may represent a bacterial metabolite. To determine whether cerebrospinal fluid possesses appropriate substrates to support the growth of pathogenic aerobic bacteria, three Gram-positive and nine Gram-negative bacteria were separately inoculated in pooled normal cerebrospinal fluid. After incubation for 24 h, all Gram-positive bacteria increased lactate, eight Gram-negative bacteria decreased lactate, and one Gram-negative bacteria failed to significantly change the lactate concentration. We conclude that lactate produced in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with aerobic bacterial meningitis is not necessarily a bacterial metabolite.

Effect of ximedone on the state of humoral antibacterial immunity in patients with angina

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
O. D. Zinkevich ◽  
I. E. Kravchenko ◽  
V. K. Fazylov ◽  
N. A. Safina ◽  
O. A. Platonov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
The State ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative

The concentration of antibodies to antigens Streptococcus pyogenes, li posaccharide E of the salt 0 14, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pneumoniae as well as to endotoxin (glycolipid RE 595 S.Minnesota) of Gram negative flora in patients with angina in the treatment dynamics is determined by the hardphase immunofermental analysis method. The data obtained show the low concentration of antibodies to staphylococcus, endotoxin of Gram negative flora, Candida and the high concentration to Pseudomonas aeryginosa for the whole time of observation. The changes revealed show the dysbalance in specific humoral immunity in patients with angina. The new drug ximedone normalizes the state of humoral antibacterial immunity in patients with angina.

scholarly journals β-Aspartylglycine, a substance unique to caecal contents of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice

1978 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
G W Welling ◽  
G Groen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Colour Reaction ◽  
Similar Treatment ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Germ Free

The caecal supernatants from germ-free, antibiotic-treated and control mice were compared with respect to their content of low-molecular-weight substances (less than 3500 mol. wt.). The supernatants contained about the same amount of free amino acids. After acid hydrolysis, the caecal supernatants of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice showed a 2.9-fold increase in free amino acids, whereas a similar treatment of the supernatant from control mice resulted in a 2.6-fold increase. By gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, and high-voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 3.5 of the fractions eluted after the void volume, it was found that the caecal supernatants of germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice contained a substance more acidic than aspartic acid. Preparative high-voltage electrophoresis, dansylation, amino acid analysis and a specific colour reaction showed the substance to be beta-aspartylglycine. After a minimal 36 h of treatment with neomycin and bacitracin, a high concentration of beta-aspartylglycine was found, and no enterococci and aerobic Gram-negative rods could be cultured from the caecal contents. The possibility that in one mouse the appearance of beta-aspartylglycine was related to a decrease in Gram-negative rods was ruled out by selective elimination of aerobic Gram-negative rods by using polymyxin B. This suggests that other bacteria concomitantly eliminated with the enterococci and aerobic Gram-negative rods, directly or indirectly, could play a role in the accumulation of beta-aspartylglycine.

Chromium (VI) reduction in activated sludge bacteria exposed to high chromium loading

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Molokwane ◽  
C. K. Meli ◽  
E. M. N. Chirwa
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
North West ◽  
Chromium Vi

A mixed-culture of bacteria collected from a wastewater treatment plant in Brits, North-West Province (South Africa) biocatalytically reduced Cr(VI) at much higher concentrations than previously observed in cultures isolated in North America. Complete Cr(VI) reduction in aerobic cultures was achieved at a high concentration of 200 mg/L after incubation for only 65 hours. Under anaerobic conditions up to 150 mg, Cr(VI)/L was completely removed after incubating for 130 to 155 hours, still higher than the Cr(VI) reduction achieved with previous cultures where complete removal was only observed in cultures with the added Cr(VI) concentration not greater than 30 mg/L. Cr(VI) reduction capability of the cultures was verified in purified cultures. Consortium cultures were characterised using 16S rRNA partial sequence analysis. Results showed that the gram-positive Bacillus genera predominated under aerobic conditions with a small composition of the gram-negative Microbacterium sp. There was more biodiversity observed in the anaerobic cultures with the marked appearance of Enterococcus, Arthrobacter, Paenibacillus and Oceanobacillus species. The results showed that Cr(VI) reduction rate in the new culture was up to eight times higher than that previously observed in other Cr(VI) reducing cultures isolated from Cr(VI) contaminated soil environments in Newark (New Jersey) and other sites in North America.

scholarly journals Broad Spectrum Anti-Quorum Sensing Activity of Tannin-Rich Crude Extracts of Indian Medicinal Plants

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Shukla ◽  
Zarine Bhathena
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Autoinducing Peptides

Quorum sensing (QS) mechanisms have been demonstrated to have significance in expression of pathogenicity in infectious bacteria. In Gram negative bacteria the autoinducer molecules that mediate QS are acyl homoserine lactones (AHL) and in Gram positive bacteria they are peptides called autoinducing peptides (AIP). A screening of tannin-rich medicinal plants was attempted to identify extracts that could interrupt the QS mechanisms in both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria over a wide range of concentrations and therefore potentially be potent agents that could act as broad spectrum QS inhibitors. Six out of the twelve Indian medicinal plant extracts that were analyzed exhibited anti-QS activity inChromobacterium violaceum12472 and inS.aureusstrain withagr:blaZfusion over a broad range of subinhibitory concentrations, indicating that the extracts contain high concentration of molecules that can interfere with the QS mechanisms mediated by AHL as well as AIP.

scholarly journals The Eagle effect in the Wolbachia-worm symbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina A. Bulman ◽  
Laura Chappell ◽  
Emma Gunderson ◽  
Ian Vogel ◽  
Brenda Beerntsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
River Blindness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Eagle Effect

Abstract Background Onchocerciasis (river blindness) and lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis) are two human neglected tropical diseases that cause major disabilities. Mass administration of drugs targeting the microfilarial stage has reduced transmission and eliminated these diseases in several countries but a macrofilaricidal drug that kills or sterilizes the adult worms is critically needed to eradicate the diseases. The causative agents of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis are filarial worms that harbor the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia. Because filarial worms depend on Wolbachia for reproduction and survival, drugs targeting Wolbachia hold great promise as a means to eliminate these diseases. Methods To better understand the relationship between Wolbachia and its worm host, adult Brugia pahangi were exposed to varying concentrations of doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline and rifampicin in vitro and assessed for Wolbachia numbers and worm motility. Worm motility was monitored using the Worminator system, and Wolbachia titers were assessed by qPCR of the single copy gene wsp from Wolbachia and gst from Brugia to calculate IC50s and in time course experiments. Confocal microscopy was also used to quantify Wolbachia located at the distal tip region of worm ovaries to assess the effects of antibiotic treatment in this region of the worm where Wolbachia are transmitted vertically to the microfilarial stage. Results Worms treated with higher concentrations of antibiotics had higher Wolbachia titers, i.e. as antibiotic concentrations increased there was a corresponding increase in Wolbachia titers. As the concentration of antibiotic increased, worms stopped moving and never recovered despite maintaining Wolbachia titers comparable to controls. Thus, worms were rendered moribund by the higher concentrations of antibiotics but Wolbachia persisted suggesting that these antibiotics may act directly on the worms at high concentration. Surprisingly, in contrast to these results, antibiotics given at low concentrations reduced Wolbachia titers. Conclusion Wolbachia in B. pahangi display a counterintuitive dose response known as the “Eagle effect.” This effect in Wolbachia suggests a common underlying mechanism that allows diverse bacterial and fungal species to persist despite exposure to high concentrations of antimicrobial compounds. To our knowledge this is the first report of this phenomenon occurring in an intracellular endosymbiont, Wolbachia, in its filarial host.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from urine to some antibiotics

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Ali Salih , M. Abdulbary And A.S. Abdulrida
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chronic Uti ◽  
Urine Specimens

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of genus Pseudomonas that it is Gram – negative , glucose - nonfermenting aerobic rod , isolated from chronic UTI . It is resistant to high concentration of salts and dyes , weak antiseptics and commonly used antibiotics. Because of the increasing in drug – resistant of strains of P. aeruginosa especially that which isolated from UTI, this study was done among the patients attending hospitals in Al-Najaf city during January to December 2009 to maintain the susceptibility pattern of organism isolated from urine specimens. A total 72(100%) samples of P. aeruginosa were isolated from urine specimens of patients. The bacteria isolated were identified by colony morphology , microscopy and relevant biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was tested using standard guidelines. Almost all of the P. aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to Amikacin(100%) , Norfloxacin(86% ( Ciprofloxacin(83 %) & Tobramycin(83%) but highly resistant to Doxycycline

A Freeze-Etch Study of Acinetobacter SP. Grown on a Hydrocarbon Substrate

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 174-175
Author(s):  
C. L. Scott ◽  
W. R. Finnerty
Keyword(s):  
Membrane System ◽  
Structural Distortion ◽  
Intracytoplasmic Membrane ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Acinetobacter Sp

Acinetobacter sp. HO-1-N, a gram-negative hydrocarbon oxidizing bacterium previously designated Micrococcus cerificans, has been shown to sequester the hydrocarbon into intracytoplasmic pools as a result of growth on this substrate. In hydrocarbon grown cells, an intracytoplasmic membrane system was also observed along with a doubling of cellular phospholipids (Z). However, using conventional dehydration and embedding procedures in preparing thin sectioned material, the hydrocarbon is extracted from the cells. This may lead to structural distortion, consequently, the freeze-etch technique was applied to preserve the integrity of the cell.

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