Chain Elongation of Fatty Acids in Rat Small Intestine: Subcellular Localization and Effects of Clofibrate and Partially Hydrogenated Fish Oil

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magny S. Thomassen ◽  
Torill Rørtveit ◽  
Astrid Nilsson ◽  
Kristian Prydz ◽  
Erling N. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

scholarly journals Studies of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase in rat small intestine. Subcellular localization and effect of partially hydrogenated fish oil and clofibrate

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ruyter ◽  
J S Lund ◽  
M S Thomassen ◽  
E N Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Fold Stimulation ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Stimulation Of

The subcellular localization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase (DHAPAT) activity in rat small intestine was investigated by Nycodenz-gradient centrifugation. We found that DHAPAT had a predominant peroxisomal distribution, with a separate enzyme activity located in the microsomal fraction, the same distribution as found in rat liver. The effect of feeding rats on a diet with 20% (w/w) partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO) or 0.3% clofibrate on the activity of DHAPAT in rat small intestine and liver was studied. Both 20% PHFO and 0.3% clofibrate gave a 1.8-fold stimulation of the specific activities of DHAPAT in peroxisomes of the small intestine, whereas in the liver 20% PHFO gave a 1.4-fold stimulation and 0.3% clofibrate a 1.6-fold stimulation of the total DHAPAT activities in the postnuclear supernatant. The specific activities of DHAPAT in liver were not affected.

scholarly journals Chain-shortening of erucic acid and microperoxisomal β-oxidation in rat small intestine

1985 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Thomassen ◽  
P Helgerud ◽  
K R Norum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Intestinal Lymph

The ability of rat small intestine to chain-shorten C22:1 fatty acids was investigated. Radioactive chain-shortened products, mainly C18:1, were demonstrated in intestinal-lymph lipids after intraluminal injection of [14-14C]erucic acid. Chain-elongation to C24:1 was also observed. Adaptation to a diet containing C22:1 fatty acids (partially hydrogenated-marine-oil diet) slightly increased the percentage of chain-shortened products. Microperoxisomal beta-oxidation activity, measured as CN(-)-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA-dependent NAD+ reduction, was detected in a microperoxisome-enriched fraction from mucosal scrapings. This activity was increased 1.9-fold by a soya-bean-oil diet, and 2.7-fold by a diet containing partially hydrogenated marine oil.

Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1414
Author(s):  
S Mishkin ◽  
M Yalovsky ◽  
JI Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pass Through

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

Effect of level of fish oil in the diet on flow of fatty acids to the small intestine in steers

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 151-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Kim ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
I. Richardson ◽  
S. A. Huws ◽  
N. D. Scollan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Long Chain

Previous studies have shown that including fish oil (FO) in the diet of beef cattle resulted in increased long chain C20n-3 PUFA (C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3) in muscle resulting in a lower n-6:n-3 ratio (Scollan et al., 2005). Fish oil is considered to be a good inhibitor of biohydrogenation in the rumen, resulting in increased production of C18:1 trans-11 (Vaccenic acid), the precursor for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA cis-9, trans-11) in muscle. This study investigated the effects of incremental levels of FO in the diet on fatty acid metabolism in the rumen.

scholarly journals Relationship of non-esterified fatty acids to vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ binding by rat intestinal Golgi-enriched membrane fractions

1984 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R F Walters ◽  
M M Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Golgi Membrane ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Relationship Of

Ca2+ binding and concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids were compared in membrane fractions of rat small intestine. These fractions differed in density and were enriched for galactosyltransferase activity, a Golgi-membrane marker. Ca2+ binding was highest in the Golgi subfraction with the least density, as were the concentrations of both non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids; galactosyltransferase activity was distributed differently. The large amount of non-esterified fatty acids was sufficient to account for a 2:1 complex of fatty acid-Ca2+. In vitamin D-deficient animals, the yield of protein in the lightest subfractions was decreased, but Ca2+ binding per mg of protein was further decreased to about 60%. In Golgi fractions from vitamin D-deficient animals, Ca2+ binding and the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids were decreased in parallel, but phospholipids were not significantly changed. There was a close correlation between Golgi Ca2+ binding and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001). Non-esterified fatty acids, which are unusually prevalent in these membrane fractions, are likely to be the binding sites that account for this vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ uptake.

Regional differences in lipid composition and incorporation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids into microsomal membranes of rat small intestine

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Garg ◽  
M. Keelan ◽  
A. Wierzbicki ◽  
A. B. R. Thomson ◽  
M. T. Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Microsomal Membranes

Incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic (16:0) and [1-14C]linoleic (18:2ω6) acids into microsomal membranes of proximal (jejunum) and distal (ileum) regions of rat small intestine was investigated, and the lipid composition, including fatty acid profiles of membrane phospholipids, was determined. Jejunal microsomes contained significantly higher amounts of total phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol, and lower amounts of cholesterol and sphingomyelin when compared with ileal microsomes. Jejunal microsomal phospholipids contained higher levels of stearic (18:0), 18:2ω6, and eicosapentaenoic (20:5ω3) acids followed by reduced levels of oleic (18:1ω9), arachidonic (20:4ω6), and docosahexaenoic (22:6ω3) acids when compared with those from the ileum, except for phosphatidylinositol where no significant difference between 20:4ω6 content of each site was observed. In both jejunal and ileal microsomes, incorporation of [1-14C]18:2ω6 was significantly higher than that of [1-14C]16:0. Incorporation of both [1-14C]16:0 and [1-14C]18:2ω6 was significantly higher in jejunal microsomal lipid fractions (phospholipids, diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols) when compared with the ileal microsomal fraction. These data suggest that (1) jejunal and ileal microsomal membranes differ from each other in terms of lipid composition and lipid synthesis, (2) site variations in the specificity of acyltransferases for different fatty acids exist, and (3) higher Δ9-, Δ6-, Δ5-, and Δ4-desaturase activities exist in ileal compared with jejunal enterocytes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document