scholarly journals Chain-shortening of erucic acid and microperoxisomal β-oxidation in rat small intestine

1985 ◽  
Vol 225 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Thomassen ◽  
P Helgerud ◽  
K R Norum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Intestinal Lymph

The ability of rat small intestine to chain-shorten C22:1 fatty acids was investigated. Radioactive chain-shortened products, mainly C18:1, were demonstrated in intestinal-lymph lipids after intraluminal injection of [14-14C]erucic acid. Chain-elongation to C24:1 was also observed. Adaptation to a diet containing C22:1 fatty acids (partially hydrogenated-marine-oil diet) slightly increased the percentage of chain-shortened products. Microperoxisomal beta-oxidation activity, measured as CN(-)-insensitive palmitoyl-CoA-dependent NAD+ reduction, was detected in a microperoxisome-enriched fraction from mucosal scrapings. This activity was increased 1.9-fold by a soya-bean-oil diet, and 2.7-fold by a diet containing partially hydrogenated marine oil.

scholarly journals Characterization of the stimulatory effect of high-fat diets on peroxisomal β-oxidation in rat liver

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Thomassen ◽  
E N Christiansen ◽  
K R Norum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Rape Seed ◽  
Oxidation Activity ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

1. The effect on rat liver peroxisomal beta-oxidation of feeding diets containing various amounts of dietary oils was investigated. With increasing amounts (5-25%, w/w) of soya-bean oil an apparent, but not statistically significant, increase of 1.5-fold was found both in specific activity, and in total liver activity. Increasing amounts of partially hydrogenated marine oil revealed a sigmoidal dose-response-curve, giving a 4-6-fold increase in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity at 20% or more of this oil in the diet. 2. Addition of small amounts of soya-bean oil to the marine-oil diet had no effect on the peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity, but decreased the C20:3(5,8,11) fatty acid/C20:4(5,8,11,14) fatty acid ratio in liver phospholipids from 0.74 to 0.01. 3. Starvation for 2 days led to a 1.5-1.8-fold increase in the peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity in rats previously fed on a standard pelleted diet, but had no effect in rats given high-fat diets. 4. Feeding partially hydrogenated marine oil or partially hydrogenated rape-seed oil resulted in higher activities than the corresponding unhydrogenated oils. 5. No significant differences in the effect on peroxisomal beta-oxidation could be detected between diets containing rape-seed oils with 15 or 45% erucic acid respectively. 6. These findings are discussed in relation to the possible effects of C22:1 and trans fatty acids in the process leading to increased peroxisomal beta-oxidation activity in the liver.

Chain Elongation of Fatty Acids in Rat Small Intestine: Subcellular Localization and Effects of Clofibrate and Partially Hydrogenated Fish Oil

1990 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magny S. Thomassen ◽  
Torill Rørtveit ◽  
Astrid Nilsson ◽  
Kristian Prydz ◽  
Erling N. Christiansen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Rat Small Intestine

Uptake and compartmental distribution of fatty acid by rat small intestine in vivo

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1414
Author(s):  
S Mishkin ◽  
M Yalovsky ◽  
JI Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Pass Through

The uptake and esterification of micellar [3-H]oleate and [14-C] palmitate were uniform along the entire length of the small intestine in vivo. Fatty acids (FA) radioactivity taken up by the small intestine could be described in terms of four functionally distinct compartments analogous to those described in vitro. The KRP-extractable compartment (KEC) and albumin-extractable compartment (AEC) contained reversibly adherent unesterified FA radioactivity, while the tissue free and esterified FA compartments contained irreversibly bound radioactivity. Wheras 27% and 63% of FA uptake were reversibly bound in the KEC and AEC by the most proximal and most distal regions of the small intestine in vitro (15), less than 10% was contained in these compartments in vivo, independent of location. Linear inverse relationships were found betweeen tissue FA esterification and proportion of FA radioactivity present in the KEC,AEC, and the tissue free FA compartment in vivo. These observations allow for the possibility that FA molecules pass through these compartments prior to esterification.

scholarly journals Artificial rearing of pigs

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Braude ◽  
M. J. Newport
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Soya Bean

1. The butterfat in a whole-milk diet was replaced by either beef tallow, coconut oil or soya-bean oil. The diets contained 280 g fat and 720 g dried skim milk per kg and were supplemented with vitamins A, D, E and K.2. These diets were offered as a milk, containing 200 g solids/Kg, to pigs weaned at 2 d of age during a 26 d experiment. The pigs were fed at hourly intervals to a scale based on live weight (scale E).3. The performance of the pigs and the apparent digestibility of the dietary fats indicated that soya-bean oil was equal to butterfat. Butterfat was slightly superior to coconut oil and markedly superior to beef tallow.4. The amount and composition of the fatty acids were studied in the proximal, mid and distal portions of the small intestine. When the beef tallow diet was given there was an increased amount of total fatty acids in the digesta of the small intestine, mainly in the distal portion. The digesta contained the smallest quantity of fatty acids when the soya-bean oil diet was given. The fatty acid composition of the digesta indicated that the short- and medium chain fatty acids from all the diets were well utilized, but an increasing proportion of stearic acid occurred in the distal portion of the small intestine. The interpretation of changes in fatty acid composition in the digesta in relation to absorption is discussed.

Lymph flow, lymph protein concentration, and protein output from rat small intestine

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (6) ◽  
pp. G670-G675
Author(s):  
J. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Capillary Filtration ◽  
Intestinal Lymph ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
Protein Output

Lymph flow (JL), lymph protein concentration (CL), and protein output (JP) from the main intestinal lymph duct were determined. The basal JL from the mesenteric pedicle alone was the same as that from the mesenteric pedicle attached with a segment of the nonabsorbing intestine, indicating that the basal JL does not originate from the intestine but is totally from the region of the mesenteric pedicle. The basal CL was 3.5-3.8 g/100 ml. When the intestine was absorbing water, JL increased and CL decreased, but JP increased above the basal JP in the initial 20 min of water absorption and then decreased progressively with time. Furthermore, it was estimated that CL in the "excess lymph" (formed during water absorption) was 1.4 +/- 0.2 g/100 ml in the initial 10 min of water absorption and was zero or nearly so in the later periods. From this and other evidence, it is concluded that under various conditions without net water absorption rat small intestine does not produce lymph and that during water absorption there is no significant increase in capillary permeability or capillary filtration. Therefore, the excess lymph could be mostly derived from the fluid absorbed from the lumen of the intestine.

scholarly journals The importance of the form of nitrogen on microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle receiving grass silage and continuous intrarumen infusions of sucrose

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Rooke ◽  
D. G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Synthetic Fibre ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Microbial N

1. In a 4x4 Latin square design experiment, four cattle were given grass silage in two meals per d to satisfy maintenance energy requirements. In addition, sucrose (170 g/kg silage dry matter (DM)) was infused intraruminally at a constant rate with no nitrogen supplementation; with the infusion intraruminally of either casein (23 g/kg silage DM) or urea (8 g/kg silage DM); or with soya-bean meal (64 g/kg silage DM) fed in two equal portions.2. Samples of duodenal digesta representative of a 24 h period were obtained using chromium-EDTA and ytterbium acetate for flow estimation and35S as a marker of microbial N entering the small intestine. Samples of rumen fluid were also taken for estimation of rumen pH and concentrations of ammonia-N and volatile fatty acids. Estimates of apparent organic matter (OM) and N digestibility and of the rates of silage DM and N disappearance from porous synthetic-fibre bags incubated in the rumen were also made.3. The N supplements had no significant effects on rumen pH, concentrations of volatile fatty acids, their molar proportions or the disappearance of DM or N from porous synthetic-fibre bags. N supplementation increased rumen ammonia-N concentrations (urea,P< 0.05; casein, soya-bean meal, not significant).4. N supplementation had no significant effects on the digestion of OM, acid-detergent fibre or soluble carbohydrate.5. Infusion of casein increased the quantities of total non-ammonia-N (not significant) and microbial N (P< 0.05) entering the small intestine daily and the efficiency of rumen microbial N synthesis (not significant). Giving soya-bean meal twice daily resulted in marginal increases in the quantities of non-ammonia-N and microbial N entering the small intestine, while infusing urea intraruminally had no effect.

scholarly journals Relationship of non-esterified fatty acids to vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ binding by rat intestinal Golgi-enriched membrane fractions

1984 ◽  
Vol 218 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R F Walters ◽  
M M Weiser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Rat Small Intestine ◽  
Golgi Membrane ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Relationship Of

Ca2+ binding and concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids were compared in membrane fractions of rat small intestine. These fractions differed in density and were enriched for galactosyltransferase activity, a Golgi-membrane marker. Ca2+ binding was highest in the Golgi subfraction with the least density, as were the concentrations of both non-esterified fatty acids and phospholipids; galactosyltransferase activity was distributed differently. The large amount of non-esterified fatty acids was sufficient to account for a 2:1 complex of fatty acid-Ca2+. In vitamin D-deficient animals, the yield of protein in the lightest subfractions was decreased, but Ca2+ binding per mg of protein was further decreased to about 60%. In Golgi fractions from vitamin D-deficient animals, Ca2+ binding and the concentration of non-esterified fatty acids were decreased in parallel, but phospholipids were not significantly changed. There was a close correlation between Golgi Ca2+ binding and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001). Non-esterified fatty acids, which are unusually prevalent in these membrane fractions, are likely to be the binding sites that account for this vitamin D-dependent Ca2+ uptake.

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