scholarly journals A Novel Structure of Blockchain Applied in Vaccine Quality Control: Double-Chain Structured Blockchain System for Vaccine Anticounterfeiting and Traceability

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zehuan Qiu ◽  
Yifan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Partial Information ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Double Chain ◽  
Structured Design ◽  
National Medical ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Novel Structure ◽  
Structured System

Background. Vaccine, as an irreplaceable means in herd immunization, is widely applied in prevention for communicable diseases. However, adverse impacts were frequently incurred by fake or expired vaccines in China. Given the necessity of vaccine anticounterfeiting, blockchain-based transaction platform could be practiced as a solution in addressing the issue; however, most of the available experiments focused on single-chain structured design with inventible limitations. Accordingly, exploration for the effectiveness and feasibility of mixed-chains structured platform for vaccine anticounterfeiting and tracing is essentially required. Methods. Both public chain and private chain were inserted in anticounterfeiting and tracing platform designing process, which were subsequently simulated in Ethereum environment. Results. By recording different information in public chain and private chain, partial information privacy protection requirements are realized. The transfer identification module realized the function of vaccine quality supervision and solves the problem of EPC label replication. Discussion. Compared with the traditional single-structured design, completeness information could be visited by all stakeholders in double-chain structure, including vaccine suppliers, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), vaccine purchasers, and the vaccinated. Conclusion. Double-chain structured system for vaccine anticounterfeiting and tracing is more effective.

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

Programming cell communications with pH-responsive DNA nanodevices

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjun Hou ◽  
Shitai Zhu ◽  
Ziwei Zhao ◽  
Jianlei Shen ◽  
Jie Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Double Chain ◽  
Physiological Conditions

The DNA nanoswitchs on cell surface could respond to the changes of pH under physiological conditions by switching from a three-chain structure to a double-chain structure, thus connecting another set...

scholarly journals Single chain structure in thin polymer films: corrections to Flory’s and Silberberg’s hypotheses

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. S1697-S1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cavallo ◽  
M Müller ◽  
J P Wittmer ◽  
A Johner ◽  
K Binder
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Thin Polymer Films ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Thin Polymer

scholarly journals Luminescent Ir(iii)–Ln(iii) coordination polymers showing slow magnetization relaxation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 4580-4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Fan ◽  
Song-Song Bao ◽  
Ran Huo ◽  
Xin-Da Huang ◽  
Yu-Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Double Chain ◽  
Magnetization Relaxation ◽  
Structural Types ◽  
Nir Luminescence

Two structural types of iridium(iii)–lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers, single-chain Ir2Ln and double-chain Ir4Ln2 (Ln = Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb), have been prepared. SMM behaviour and NIR luminescence were observed for the Ir–Er and Ir–Yb systems.

MX-type single chain complexes with an aromatic in-plane ligand: incorporation of aromatic interactions for stabilizing the chain structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (22) ◽  
pp. 7828-7834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unjila Afrin ◽  
Hiroaki Iguchi ◽  
Mohammad Rasel Mian ◽  
Shinya Takaishi ◽  
Hiromichi Yamakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Structure ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Aromatic Interactions ◽  
Chain Complexes ◽  
First Time

MX-type one-dimensional complexes containing only an aromatic in-plane ligand were synthesized for the first time.

scholarly journals On the Difference between Self-Assembling Process of Monomeric and Dimeric Surfactants with the Same Head to Tail Ratio: A Lattice Monte Carlo Simulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Behjatmanesh-Ardakani ◽  
Maryam Farsad
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Lattice Monte Carlo ◽  
Self Assembling ◽  
Spacer Group ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dimeric Surfactants

Experimental data show that gemini surfactants have critical micelle concentrations that are almost tenfold lower than the CMCs of single chain ones. It is believed that the spacer groups play an important role in this subject. Short hydrophilic or long hydrophobic spacers can reduce CMC dramatically. In this paper, self-assembling processes of double-chain and one-chain surfactants with the same head to tail ratio are compared. Dimeric chain structure is exactly double of single chain. In other words, hydrophilic-lyophilic balances of two chain models are the same. Two single chains are connected head-to-head to form a dimeric chain, without introducing extra head or tail beads as a spacer group. Premicellar, micellar, and shape/phase transition ranges of both models are investigated. To do this, lattice Monte Carlo simulation in canonical ensemble has been used. Results show that without introducing extra beads as spacer group, the CMC of (H3T3)2as a dimeric surfactant is much lower than the CMC of its similar single chain, H3T3. For dimeric case of study, it is shown that bolaform aggregates are formed.

Cystatins: a versatile family

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Esposito ◽  
Piero A. Temussi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Domain Swapping ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Sweet Proteins ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Misfolding Diseases ◽  
Plant Cystatin ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractCystatins are small proteins, typically composed of 100–120 amino acids, which together with similar proteins devoid of inhibitory properties, belong to a cystatin ‘superfamily’. Cystatins can do more than just inhibit proteases: two important aspects described here are aggregation properties linked to misfolding diseases and the unique ability of monellin, a plant cystatin, to elicit sweet taste. The explanation of the puzzling phenomenon of ‘sweet proteins’ required an in-depth structural study of monellin, also regarding the causes of the high thermal stability of its single chain structure. The detailed mechanisms by which cystatins aggregate could be relevant in the study of misfolding diseases involving cystatins. They are reviewed here with emphasis on 3D domain swapping, typical of aggregating cystatins. While studying monellin, we noticed that it aggregates in a conventional way, probably through the cross-β spine mechanism. However, several cystatins derived from oryzacystatin_I to emulate the taste behavior of monellin aggregate via different mechanisms.

Poly[bis[[4-(1H-1,3,7,8-tetraazacyclopenta[l]phenanthren-2-yl)phenol-κ2 N 7,N 8]manganese(II)]-di-μ3-benzene-1,3-dicarboxylato-κ4 O:O′:O′′,O′′′]

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. m1686-m1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang-Bo Che
Keyword(s):  
Supramolecular Structure ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Title Complex ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Double Chain ◽  
Phenanthroline Ligand

In the title complex, [Mn2(C8H4O4)2(C19H12N4O)2] n , the MnII atom is six-coordinated by two N atoms from the substituted phenanthroline ligand and four O atoms from three different benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate (1,3-BDC) ligands. Adjacent MnII atoms are bridged by the 1,3-BDC ligands to form a double-chain structure which, in turn, is linked to neighboring double chains via π–π contacts to form a two-dimensional supramolecular structure.

VESICLE TO MICELLE TRANSITION DRIVEN BY SURFACE SOLID-FLUID TRANSITION

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANAKY NARAYANAN ◽  
E. MENDES ◽  
C. MANOHAR
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Fluorescence Anisotropy ◽  
Small Angle Neutron Scattering ◽  
Unique Feature ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Double Chain ◽  
Micellar Phase ◽  
Curvature Energy ◽  
Oppositely Charged

This paper reviews the solution behavior of cetyltrimethylammonium hydroxynaphthalene carboxylate (CTAHNC), which has the unique feature of undergoing a transition from vesicle to worm-like micellar phase in three different ways, namely, increase in temperature, addition of a surfactant and on shearing. Fluorescence anisotropy, NMR, rheology, small angle neutron scattering studies etc gave evidence of the vesicle-micelle transition. CTAHNC can be looked upon as a complex formed by two oppositely charged surfactants (CTA+ and HNC-). This ion pair effectively acts as a double-chain lipid and has a tendency to form vesicles. On increasing the temperature, and/or adding single chain surfactants of shearing, the complex dissociates which changes the curvature energy of the surface. This leads to a 'surface melting' that brings forth the vesicle-micelle transition.

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