Cystatins: a versatile family

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Esposito ◽  
Piero A. Temussi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Domain Swapping ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Sweet Proteins ◽  
Small Proteins ◽  
Misfolding Diseases ◽  
Plant Cystatin ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractCystatins are small proteins, typically composed of 100–120 amino acids, which together with similar proteins devoid of inhibitory properties, belong to a cystatin ‘superfamily’. Cystatins can do more than just inhibit proteases: two important aspects described here are aggregation properties linked to misfolding diseases and the unique ability of monellin, a plant cystatin, to elicit sweet taste. The explanation of the puzzling phenomenon of ‘sweet proteins’ required an in-depth structural study of monellin, also regarding the causes of the high thermal stability of its single chain structure. The detailed mechanisms by which cystatins aggregate could be relevant in the study of misfolding diseases involving cystatins. They are reviewed here with emphasis on 3D domain swapping, typical of aggregating cystatins. While studying monellin, we noticed that it aggregates in a conventional way, probably through the cross-β spine mechanism. However, several cystatins derived from oryzacystatin_I to emulate the taste behavior of monellin aggregate via different mechanisms.

scholarly journals A Super Stable Mutant of the Plant Protein Monellin Endowed with Enhanced Sweetness

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Masoud Delfi ◽  
Alessandro Emendato ◽  
Serena Leone ◽  
Eros Antonio Lampitella ◽  
Piero Porcaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Sweet Proteins ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Stable Mutant ◽  
And Function

Sweet proteins are a class of proteins with the ability to elicit a sweet sensation in humans upon interaction with sweet taste receptor T1R2/T1R3. Single-chain Monellin, MNEI, is among the sweetest proteins known and it could replace sugar in many food and beverage recipes. Nonetheless, its use is limited by low stability and high aggregation propensity at neutral pH. To solve this inconvenience, we designed a new construct of MNEI, dubbed Mut9, which led to gains in both sweetness and stability. Mut9 showed an extraordinary stability in acidic and neutral environments, where we observed a melting temperature over 20 °C higher than that of MNEI. In addition, Mut9 resulted twice as sweet than MNEI. Both proteins were extensively characterized by biophysical and sensory analyses. Notably, Mut9 preserved its structure and function even after 10 min boiling, with the greatest differences being observed at pH 6.8, where it remained folded and sweet, whereas MNEI lost its structure and function. Finally, we performed a 6-month shelf-life assessment, and the data confirmed the greater stability of the new construct in a wide range of conditions. These data prove that Mut9 has an even greater potential for food and beverage applications than MNEI.

Rapid Isolation of High Molecular Weight Urokinase from Native Human Urine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Huber ◽  
Johannes Kirchheimer ◽  
Bernd R Binder
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Urine ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity ◽  
Sequential Adsorption

SummaryUrokinase (UK) could be purified to apparent homogeneity starting from crude urine by sequential adsorption and elution of the enzyme to gelatine-Sepharose and agmatine-Sepharose followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The purified product exhibited characteristics of the high molecular weight urokinase (HMW-UK) but did contain two distinct entities, one of which exhibited a two chain structure as reported for the HMW-UK while the other one exhibited an apparent single chain structure. The purification described is rapid and simple and results in an enzyme with probably no major alterations. Yields are high enough to obtain purified enzymes for characterization of UK from individual donors.

Porous homo- and heterochiral cobalt(II) aspartates with high thermal stability of the metal-organic framework

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Yutkin ◽  
M. S. Zavakhina ◽  
D. G. Samsonenko ◽  
D. N. Dybtsev ◽  
V. P. Fedin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Organic Framework

High thermal stability of the YNbO4 − CaYTiNbO7 composites for radio frequency and microwave applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 124956
Author(s):  
F.F. do Carmo ◽  
J.P.C. do Nascimento ◽  
J.E.V. de Morais ◽  
V.C. Martins ◽  
J.C. Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Microwave Applications ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

scholarly journals Single chain structure in thin polymer films: corrections to Flory’s and Silberberg’s hypotheses

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. S1697-S1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cavallo ◽  
M Müller ◽  
J P Wittmer ◽  
A Johner ◽  
K Binder
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Films ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Thin Polymer Films ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Thin Polymer

Thermal Stability of 40Cr Steel with Surface Nanocrystallization

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 434-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Liang Liu ◽  
Tian Ying Xiong ◽  
Ke Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
New Method ◽  
Nanostructured Surface ◽  
Surface Nanocrystallization ◽  
Nanostructured Layer ◽  
40Cr Steel ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Surface Nanocrystallization(SNC) is a new method of fabricating nanostructured materials while thermal stability is an important problem for the application of nanostructured materials. A nanostructured layer was fabricated on the surface of 40Cr steel by Supersonic Particles Bombarding method, and the variation of microstructure and microhardness of nanostructured layer was studied. Nanostructured surface layer showed high thermal stability.

scholarly journals Investigation of reactively sputtered TaN thin-film resistors for microwave photonic applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Evgenii Erofeev ◽  
Egor Polyntsev ◽  
Sergei Ishutkin
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Tantalum Nitride ◽  
Reactive Magnetron ◽  
Microwave Photonic ◽  
Thin Film Resistors ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Electrophysical characteristics and their thermal stability of thin-film resistors based on tantalum nitride (TaN) obtained by reactive magnetron sputtering were investigated. The optimal modes of the magnetron sputtering process are determined, ensuring the Ta2N phase film composition with the value of the specific electrical resistance of 250 μm cm and high thermal stability of the parameters. On the basis of the investigations carried out, thin-film matching resistors were manufactured for use as part of an electro-optical InP-based MZ modulator

Achieving high thermal stability of different rare-earth ions in a single matrix host via the manipulation of the local structure by a solid solution

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (28) ◽  
pp. 16294-16300
Author(s):  
Xiuxia Yang ◽  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Zhichao Liu ◽  
Shuyu Tian ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
High Thermal Stability ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Single Matrix ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Manipulating the local environment of CAS by substitution of Al3+–Y3+ for Si4+–Ca2+ to achieve more stability in the structure of CYA.

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